ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ: ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯗꯣꯄꯤꯡ (ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯀꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯐꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ. ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ 105–109 Ωꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯜ: ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯌꯨꯃꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯤꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯄꯥꯊ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ꯫ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯎꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯟꯗꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ: ꯁꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ (ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯇꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ), ꯁꯤꯌꯥꯔ-ꯊꯤꯅꯤꯡ ꯕꯤꯍꯦꯕꯤꯌꯔ (ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯚꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯁꯤꯇꯤ, ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯖꯤꯇꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ), ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯗꯦꯄꯊ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ (ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯇꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯂꯣꯗꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯒꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯤꯇꯤ (ꯁꯨꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ)꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ: ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ~380°C ꯁꯤꯟꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯁꯨꯡꯗꯣꯛꯠꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯑꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯁꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯑꯦꯁ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯊꯃꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ (ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.-ꯀꯣꯇꯦꯗ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ)ꯅꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯄꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯛꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ), ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯀꯥꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ (ꯔꯨꯝ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ), ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯞꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯣꯜꯇꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯂꯀꯥꯂꯤ ꯃꯦꯇꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯍꯦꯂꯣꯖꯦꯟ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ. ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯂꯀꯥꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ 260°Cꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯪꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ-ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯞ ꯑꯁꯤ -꯷꯰°Cꯗꯒꯤ ꯲꯶꯰°C ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ. ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ: ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯔ-ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯀꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ (ꯗꯦꯂꯦꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ), ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔ-ꯑꯥꯏꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ (ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯥꯏꯂꯦꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡ + ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁꯦꯟ ꯀꯟꯇꯤꯟꯌꯨꯑꯣꯁ ꯐꯦꯖ), ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯦꯟꯇ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯂꯤꯉ꯭ꯀꯤꯡ (ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯞ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ, ꯂꯣ-ꯇꯦꯝꯄ ꯇꯦꯀꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯣ-ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯥꯎꯇꯔ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯠ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ)꯫ ꯐꯦꯅꯤꯜ-ꯃꯣꯗꯤꯐꯥꯏꯗ ꯁꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁꯦꯟ ꯁꯦꯒꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯣ-ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ -꯱꯰꯰°Cꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯑꯑꯣꯀꯥꯏ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯑꯞ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯁꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯝ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (ꯕꯨꯊ ꯶ꯇꯤ꯶꯰꯲, ꯍꯣꯜ ꯶)ꯗꯥ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ-ꯔꯤꯅꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯄꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯜꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯚꯦꯌꯔ ꯕꯦꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡ – ꯐꯨꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄꯤ.ꯚꯤ. ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯤꯕꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯲꯶ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯒꯅꯤ, ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫

ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯇꯦꯅꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ. ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯚꯦꯌꯤꯡ (ꯐꯨꯗ ꯕꯦꯀꯤꯡ, ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯇꯥꯏꯜ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯌꯤꯡ, ꯄꯤ.ꯁꯤ.ꯕꯤ. ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ), ꯋꯦꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟ (ꯍꯤꯠ-ꯁꯤꯂꯔ ꯀꯚꯔ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯇꯔ ꯁꯤꯜꯗ), ꯗꯤꯃꯣꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯤꯡ (ꯔꯕ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯃꯣꯜꯗꯤꯡ, ꯄꯤ.ꯚꯤ ꯖꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯇꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ), ꯑꯦꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁ (ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯕꯂꯁꯤꯡ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ (ꯂꯦꯖꯔ ꯀꯠꯇꯟ, ꯳ꯗꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ) ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫

ꯁꯨꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯉꯊꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ: ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ (ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯡꯕꯥ, ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ), ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ (ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ, ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ), ꯄꯤꯅꯍꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ/ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯞ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯌꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯝ), ꯋꯥꯏꯇꯦꯞ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯣꯀꯊꯕꯥ (ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯛꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯥꯏꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯟ), ꯌꯦꯔꯨꯝ/ꯀꯣꯀꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯤꯚꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ), ꯗꯤꯂꯦꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ (shrinkage stress exceseds adhesion), ꯑꯣꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯄꯤꯜ꯫ (ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯂꯤꯡ), ꯋꯥꯔꯄꯦꯖ (ꯑꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ), ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯁꯨꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ (skinning traps moisture), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ (ꯀꯣꯐꯤ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇ)꯫ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯨꯡꯗꯣꯛꯠꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯁꯤꯠꯄꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯇꯦꯄꯀꯤ ꯀꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ ꯐꯦꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯖꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯖ ꯂꯤꯐꯇꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁꯣꯠꯊꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯠ (dull blades, improper angle)ꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯨ ꯐꯤꯂꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯦꯖ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯂꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯕꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ – ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ, ꯋꯥꯏꯛ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯐꯇꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯔ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ ꯐꯦꯁ (wevy, protruding)ꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯞ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ ꯐꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯃꯨꯗ, ꯐ꯭ꯂꯁ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ – ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯖ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯀꯤ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ. ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ: ꯇꯔꯨ ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ (ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ, ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ), ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯚꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ), ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯩꯆ. ꯹-꯱꯰ꯗꯥ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ), ꯁꯥꯏꯂꯦꯟ ꯀꯞꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ (ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ), ꯐꯤꯜꯃ-ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ (ꯁꯤꯟꯇꯔꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦ./ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯄꯤ.), ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯐꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ, ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ), ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ... ꯄꯤꯅꯍꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ)꯫ ꯈꯅꯕꯁꯤ ꯁꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯞ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ-ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕꯀꯤ ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯟꯇ ꯚꯣꯂꯦꯇꯤꯂꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ → ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯅꯤꯡ, ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯜ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ, ꯄꯤꯅꯍꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ (ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯞ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯀꯟꯗꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ-ꯏꯟꯗꯨꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ)꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ → ꯂꯣ-ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ-ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯥꯇꯦꯖꯤ: ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯕꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯄꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯚꯣꯂꯦꯇꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫ ꯃꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ (ꯇꯣꯂꯨꯏꯟ/ꯖꯥꯏꯂꯤꯟ + ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯡꯕꯥ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯚꯔ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ (ꯂꯣ→ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯝ→ꯍꯥꯏ) ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫