Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ndi polima wa carbon ndi fluorine. Nkhaniyi ili ndi dzina lodziwika bwino kwambiri: Teflon.
Makhalidwe a PTFE ndi awa:
Makina abwino kwambiri (<1%)
Chemical inertness dzimbiri kukana
Kukana kutentha
Ma coefficients otsika kwambiri amakangana
Zopanda ndodo (zimapirira kutentha kosalekeza kwa 500°f (260°c))
Valani kukana
Malo osungunuka kwambiri
The kwambiri zimatha PTFE kupereka osiyanasiyana ntchito, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ❖ kuyanika sanali ndodo kwa cookware. PTFE bwino kuvala kukana amalola kuti pamodzi ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana kudzera emulsion polymerization kapena kuyimitsidwa polymerization processing kupanga mkulu matenthedwe zosagwira mafakitale mankhwala ndi katundu makina kwambiri, monga kutchinjiriza waya, malamba chakudya kalasi conveyor, kusinthasintha sanali ndodo nsalu, etc.
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Polytetrafluoroethylene inapezeka mu 1938. Poyamba inapezedwa ndi katswiri wa zamankhwala wa ku America Roy J. Plunkett (1910-1994) pamene amayesa kupanga mufiriji watsopano wa carbon ndi fluorine. Anthu panthawiyo sakanaganiza za mankhwala wambawa. Zothandizira zachilendo zidzakhudza mbali iliyonse ya dziko lapansi.
Mu 1941, a DuPont adapeza chiphaso cha chinthuchi ndikulembetsa chizindikiro cha 'Teflon' mu 1944.
Masiku ano, polytetrafluoroethylene yagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri opanga komanso moyo. Mu makampani Catering, PTFE TACHIMATA cookware chimagwiritsidwa ntchito; m'makampani opanga zovala, zovala zapamwamba zosazizira kwambiri zochokera kuzinthu monga HELIKON ndi Carinthia zonse zimagwiritsa ntchito PTFE ngati zokutira kapena zosanjikiza zakunja. , kuti athe kupirira kuzizira kwambiri kwa -30 ° C; m'gulu lankhondo, zida za PTFE zotayika pang'ono, zida zabwino kwambiri zama dielectric, kusasinthika kwabwino, kukhazikika kwamankhwala, komanso pafupifupi palibe mayamwidwe a chinyezi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapanelo apamwamba a radio frequency radar. Pazachipatala, zida za PTFE zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri m'magawo opangira thupi.
Kodi PTFE Imayimira Chiyani?
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PTFE imayimira polytetrafluoroethylene, mawu akuti polima (C2F4)n.
Izi nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza chilichonse chotchedwa ptfe synthetic fluoropolymer. Makhalidwe akuluakulu a polytetrafluoroethylene ndi awa:
Kutentha kwakukulu kwa ntchito (°F /°C): 500/260
Kulimbitsa Mphamvu pa Nthawi Yopuma (PSI): 4,000
Dielectric constant (kV/mil): 3.7
Kuchuluka: 2.16
Kutalika kwa nthawi yopuma: 350%
Kulimba kwa M'mphepete D: 54
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ptfe polytetrafluoroethylene kupanga fluoropolymer ndi makhalidwe pamwamba kale zopangidwa zosawerengeka, zopangidwa waukulu ndi motere:
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Polytetrafluoroethylene ndi polima liniya wopangidwa ndi carbon (C) ndi fluorine (F) maatomu, ndi chilinganizo mankhwala (C2F4) n, pamene n ndi chiwerengero cha mayunitsi monoma.
Kapangidwe ka PTFE akhoza kufotokozedwa monga: -CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-
Utali wautali wa mamolekyu a PTFE amapangidwa ndi maatomu a carbon, omwe amalumikizana ndi maatomu awiri a fluorine.
Maatomu a fluorine pafupifupi amaphimba pamwamba pa maatomu a kaboni a tcheni cha polima. Ma atomu a carbon amapanga tcheni chachikulu cha tcheni cha polima. Ma atomu a fluorine amapanga mawonekedwe ngati chishango mozungulira ma atomu a kaboni, omwe amateteza bwino maatomu amkati a kaboni.
Kukonzekera kwapadera kumeneku kwa ma atomu kumapatsa PTFE mawonekedwe ake apadera. Mapangidwe a maselowa amathandiza kuti PTFE ikhale yosayerekezeka ndi thupi ndi mankhwala.
Kodi Teflon Material Ndi Chiyani?
Teflon ndi thermoplastic fluoropolymer, ndipo Teflon acronym ndi PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene).
Teflon ndi chizindikiro cha Chemours, komabe, PTFE itha kugulidwanso kumakampani ena kupatula Chemours.
Teflon ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino chifukwa cha kukangana kwake kochepa, kukana kutentha kwambiri, komanso kukana kwa mankhwala.
Zachidziwikire, Teflon ndi polima wopangidwa ndi polymer kuchokera ku tetrafluoroethylene ndipo ndi mtundu wazinthu zopangidwa ndi perfluorinated. Dzina lake la mankhwala ndi polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Teflon chemical structure ndi yapadera kwambiri. Kapangidwe ka maselo ndikuti F (maatomu a fluorine) amalowa m'malo onse a H (maatomu a haidrojeni) pa unyolo wa C. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa utali wozungulira wa atomu fluorine ndi lalikulu kwambiri kuposa utali wozungulira wa atomu mpweya, ndi repulsion pakati maatomu ndi lalikulu kwambiri, kotero izo sizidzakhala Ngati maatomu haidrojeni, iwo akhoza anakonza mu ndege, kotero maatomu fluorine pafupifupi mozungulira mpaka kukulunga maatomu mpweya, kuti dziko lakunja likhoza kukumana ndi ine ndi fluorine.
Ndi chotchinga cholimba cha atomu ya fluorine, mawonekedwe a Teflon polima ndi okhazikika poyerekeza ndi zida zina.
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Malingaliro a kampani Teflon Properties
PTFE ndi polima polymerized kuchokera tetrafluoroethylene monoma. Ndi sera yowonekera kapena yowoneka ngati PE. Kachulukidwe ake ndi 2.2g/cm3 ndipo mayamwidwe ake madzi ndi zosakwana 0.01%.
Kapangidwe ka mankhwala a PTFE polima ndi ofanana ndi PE, kupatula kuti maatomu onse haidrojeni polyethylene m'malo ndi fluorine maatomu. Chifukwa cha mphamvu zomangira zazikulu komanso magwiridwe antchito okhazikika a mgwirizano wa CF, ili ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kwamankhwala ndipo imatha kupirira ma acid onse amphamvu (kuphatikiza aqua regia) kupatula zitsulo zosungunuka za alkali, media oxidizing, ndi sodium hydroxide pamwamba pa 300 ° C. Komanso zotsatira za oxidants amphamvu, kuchepetsa wothandizila ndi zosiyanasiyana organic solvents.
Atomu ya F mu molekyulu ya PTFE ndi yofanana, ndipo zinthu ziwiri zomwe zili mu chomangira cha CF zimalumikizana molumikizana. Palibe ma elekitironi aulere mu molekyulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti molekyulu yonse isalowerere. Chifukwa chake, ili ndi zida zabwino kwambiri za dielectric, ndipo kutchinjiriza kwake kwamagetsi sikukhudzidwa ndi Chikoka cha chilengedwe ndi ma frequency.
Teflon Physical Properties
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Voliyumu yake yolimbana ndi mphamvu ndi yayikulu kuposa 1017, kutayika kwake kwa dielectric ndikocheperako, voteji yake yosweka ndi yayikulu, kukana kwa arc ndikwabwino, ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito pamalo amagetsi a 250 ° C. Chifukwa palibe zomangira za haidrojeni mu PTFE ma cell, kapangidwe kake kamakhala kofanana, kotero crystallization yake Mlingo wa crystallization ndi wokwera kwambiri (nthawi zambiri crystallinity ndi 55% ~ 75%, nthawi zina mpaka 94%), zomwe zimapangitsa PTFE kusamva kutentha kwambiri. Kutentha kwake kosungunuka ndi 324C, kutentha kwake ndi 415 ° C, ndipo kutentha kwake kwakukulu ndi 250 ° C. Ndi brittle Kutentha ndi -190 ° C, ndi kutentha kusokoneza kutentha (pansi pa 0.46MPa mikhalidwe) ndi 120C.
Zinthu za Teflon zili ndi zida zabwino zamakina. Mphamvu yake yokhazikika ndi 21 ~ 28MPa, mphamvu yopindika ndi 11 ~ 14MPa, elongation ndi 250% ~ 300%, ndipo ma coefficients ake osunthika komanso osasunthika motsutsana ndi chitsulo ndi 0.04, yomwe ili yabwino kuposa nayiloni, polyformaldehyde, ndi polyethylene. Coefficient of friction ya mapulasitiki ozizira ndi ochepa.
PTFE Yoyera ili ndi mphamvu zochepa, kukana kuvala kosakwanira komanso kukana kugwa. Nthawi zambiri ndi zofunika kuwonjezera zina particles kuti PTFE polima, monga graphite, disulfide gulu, zotayidwa okusayidi, galasi CHIKWANGWANI, mpweya CHIKWANGWANI, etc. kusintha makina katundu. , ndipo imathanso kukulitsidwa pogwirizana ndi ma polima ena monga polyphenylase (PHB), polyphenylene sulfide (PFS), polyethylene glycol (PEEK), polyethylene / propylene copolymer (PFEP), etc. kutentha kwake konyowa, kupititsa patsogolo kukana kwake kusinthasintha.
Momwe Teflon Amapangidwira?
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Njira yopangira imagwiritsa ntchito chloroform ngati zopangira, imagwiritsa ntchito anhydrous hydrofluoric acid ku fluorinate chloroform, kutentha komwe kumakhala pamwamba pa 65ºC, imagwiritsa ntchito antimony pentachloride ngati chothandizira, ndipo pamapeto pake imagwiritsa ntchito kuphulika kwamafuta kuti ipange tetrafluoroethylene.
Aokai amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuyimitsidwa polymerization kapena emulsion polymerization.
Kukonzekera kwa monomer tetrafluoroethylene
Mu mafakitale, chloroform imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira, anhydrous hydrofluoric acid imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku fluorinate chloroform, kutentha komwe kumakhala pamwamba pa 65ºC, antimony pentachloride imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira, ndipo pomaliza tetrafluoroethylene imapangidwa ndi kuphulika kwamafuta. Tetrafluoroethylene imathanso kupangidwa pochita nthaka ndi tetrafluorodichloroethane pa kutentha kwambiri.
Kukonzekera kwa polytetrafluoroethylene
Mu enamel kapena zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri polymerization ketulo, madzi ntchito monga sing'anga, potaziyamu persulfate ntchito monga initiator, perfluorocarboxylic asidi ammonium mchere ntchito dispersant, fluorocarbon ntchito monga stabilizer, ndi tetrafluoroethylene ndi redox polymerized kupeza zabwino ufa polyethylene. Tetrafluoroethylene.
Add zosiyanasiyana zina kwa anachita ketulo, ndi tetrafluoroethylene monoma akulowa polymerization ketulo mu mpweya gawo. Sinthani kutentha mu ketulo kufika 25°C, kenaka onjezerani kuchuluka kwa activator (sodium metabisulfite) kuti muyambitse polymerization kudzera mu redox system. Pa ndondomeko polymerization, monomers ndi mosalekeza anawonjezera, ndi kuthamanga polymerization anakhalabe pa 0.49 ~ 0.78MPa. Kubalalitsidwa komwe kumapezeka pambuyo pa polymerization kumachepetsedwa kukhala ndende ina ndi madzi, ndipo kutentha kumasinthidwa kukhala 15 ~ 20ºC. Pambuyo pophatikizana ndi makina oyambitsa, amatsukidwa ndi madzi ndikuuma, ndiye kuti, mankhwalawa amatengedwa ngati utomoni wabwino wa granular.
Kodi Teflon Ndi Yotetezeka?
Kudzipaka kwa Teflon palokha ndikotetezeka: Zinthu za Teflon zokha sizikhala ndi poizoni, siziwola, ndipo sizingayambitse ngozi. Izi mwina zili choncho chifukwa mamolekyu ake sasungunuka ndi mankhwala enieni, osagayidwa ndi kuyamwa ndi thupi la munthu.
Dziwani zambiri za chitetezo cha Teflon
Kodi PTFE Imagwiritsidwa Ntchito Bwanji?
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Zapadera za PTFE zimapangitsa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ndi m'nyanja monga mafakitale a mankhwala, mafuta a petroleum, nsalu, chakudya, kupanga mapepala, mankhwala, zamagetsi ndi makina.
Kugwiritsa ntchito polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mu anti-corrosion properties:
Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa dzimbiri kukana mphira, magalasi, zitsulo aloyi ndi zipangizo zina, n'kovuta kukumana nkhanza chilengedwe kumene kutentha, kupanikizika ndi mankhwala TV amakhala pamodzi, ndipo zomvetsa zotsatira zake ndi zoopsa kwambiri. Ngakhale zakuthupi za PTFE zili ndi kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri, polytetrafluoroethylene imagwiritsa ntchito zida zazikulu zosagwira dzimbiri mumafuta, mankhwala, nsalu ndi mafakitale ena.
Ntchito zapadera zikuphatikizapo: mapaipi operekera, mapaipi otulutsa mpweya, mapaipi a nthunzi onyamula mpweya wowononga, mapaipi othamanga kwambiri amafuta opangira mphero, mapaipi apamwamba, apakatikati ndi otsika otsika a ndege zama hydraulic system ndi makina osindikizira ozizira, nsanja zotulutsa distillation, zosinthira kutentha, ketulo, nsanja ndi akasinja. Kuchita kwa zisindikizo za zida zamankhwala monga zomangira ndi ma valve zimakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a makina onse ndi zida. PTFE zakuthupi ali ndi makhalidwe a kukana dzimbiri, kukana kukalamba, otsika mikangano coefficient ndi sanali kumata, osiyanasiyana kutentha osiyanasiyana, ndi elasticity wabwino, kupanga izo zoyenera kwambiri kupanga zisindikizo ndi mkulu kukana kukana zofunika ndi kutentha ntchito pamwamba 100 °. Monga zisindikizo zamakina opangidwa ndi makina, zosinthira kutentha, zotengera zothamanga kwambiri, zotengera zazikulu, ma valve, ndi mapampu, zisindikizo za miphika yamagalasi, ma flanges athyathyathya, ma flanges okhala ndi m'mimba mwake, mikwingwirima, ndodo za pisitoni, ndodo za valavu, mapampu amtundu wa Worm gear, zosindikizira ndodo, etc.
2.The low friction performance ya polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) imagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba katundu.
Zigawo zokangana za zida zina sizoyenera kuthira mafuta, monga momwe mafuta opaka mafuta amasungunuka ndi zosungunulira ndikukhala osagwira ntchito, kapena kupanga mapepala, mankhwala, chakudya, nsalu, ndi zina zambiri Izi ndichifukwa choti kugundana kwazinthuzi ndikotsika kwambiri pakati pa zida zolimba zomwe zimadziwika. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake Mwachindunji kumaphatikizapo zonyamula zida zamakina, makina opangira mapepala, ndi makina aulimi, monga mphete za pistoni, njanji zowongolera zida zamakina, ndi mphete zowongolera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito zomanga zachitukuko monga slide zothandizira milatho, mipanda yazitsulo zapadenga, mapaipi akulu amankhwala, ndi akasinja osungira. Ma block, komanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zothandizira mlatho ndi ma swivel a mlatho, etc.
3.Mapulogalamu a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) pamagetsi ndi magetsi.
Kutayika kocheperako komanso kusinthasintha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa zida za PTFE kumathandizira kuti ikhale mawaya enameled kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mumagetsi ang'onoang'ono, ma thermocouples, zida zowongolera, ndi zina zambiri, filimu yamagetsi yamagetsi ya PTFE Ndizinthu zabwino zotchingira zopangira ma capacitor, ma waya otsekereza zingwe, zingwe zotsekereza, ma mota ndi ma transfoma. Ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pazamagetsi zamagetsi zamafakitale monga zakuthambo ndi zakuthambo. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafilimu apulasitiki a fluorine ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwa okosijeni komanso kutulutsa kwambiri kwa nthunzi yamadzi. Izi zosankha permeability yaing'ono permeability angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga masensa mpweya. Makhalidwe a fluoroplastics omwe amachititsa kuti polar charges apatukane pansi pa kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga maikolofoni, okamba, magawo pamaloboti, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo kutsika kwawo kochepa kungagwiritsidwe ntchito. Makhalidwe abwino kwambiri amatha kupanga ulusi wa kuwala.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mu mankhwala achipatala.
Zowonjezeredwa za PTFE ndizokhazikika ndipo zimakhala ndi mphamvu zosinthika zamoyo. Sizidzayambitsa kukanidwa ndi thupi ndipo ilibe zotsatira za thupi pa thupi la munthu. Ikhoza kutsekedwa ndi njira iliyonse. Mapangidwe ake a microporous amalola kuti agwiritse ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zotsitsimutsa, kuphatikizapo mitsempha ya magazi ndi zigamba zotsitsimutsa minofu yofewa komanso opaleshoni ya opaleshoni ya mitsempha, mtima, maopaleshoni ambiri ndi mafupa.
5.Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala oletsa ndodo a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
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Zinthu za PTFE zili ndi zovuta zazing'ono kwambiri pakati pa zida zolimba ndipo sizimamatira kuzinthu zilizonse. Zilinso ndi makhalidwe apamwamba ndi otsika kutentha kukana ndi inertness mankhwala, kupanga kukhala oyenera ntchito monga kupanga. Zophika zopanda ndodo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polimbana ndi ndodo. Njira yotsutsa zomatira imaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri: kuyika pepala la PTFE pa gawo lapansi ndikuyika PTFE zokutira kapena vanishi wopangidwa ndi galasi pa gawo lapansi kudzera kutentha shrinkage.
Dziwani zambiri za zokutira za PTFE
Ngakhale PTFE zipangizo akadali ndi vuto mkulu vuto kuwotcherera, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa teknoloji, kaphatikizidwe njira zatsopano posachedwapa kuthetsa ululu mfundo PTFE ndi ntchito PTFE ku osiyanasiyana minda.
