PTFE Niki (Polytetrafluoroethylene)?

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ni karubone na polymer fluor. Ibi bikoresho bifite izina rimenyerewe: Teflon.

Ibyiza bya PTFE birimo:

• Ibikoresho byiza bya mashini (<1%)

• Imiti idafite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa

• Kurwanya ubushyuhe

• Coefficient zo hasi cyane zo guterana amagambo

• Ibikoresho bidafite inkoni (bihanganira ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 500 ° f (260 ° c))

• Jya wambara

• Ingingo yo gushonga cyane

Ibintu byiza bya PTFE biha uburyo butandukanye bwa porogaramu, kandi ikoreshwa cyane nkibikoresho bidafite inkoni kubikoresho. PTFE irwanya kwambara neza ituma ishobora guhuzwa nibikoresho bitandukanye binyuze muri emulion polymerisation cyangwa gutunganya polymerisation ihagarikwa kugirango ikore ibicuruzwa byo mu nganda birwanya amashyanyarazi bifite ibikoresho byiza bya mashini, nko kubika insinga, imikandara yo mu rwego rwo hejuru y'ibiribwa, imyenda yoroheje idafite inkoni, n'ibindi.

PTFE ni iki?

Polytetrafluoroethylene yavumbuwe mu 1938. Yavumbuwe bwa mbere n’umuhanga mu bya shimi w’umunyamerika Roy J. Plunkett (1910–1994) ubwo yageragezaga gukora firigo nshya ya karubone na fluor. Abantu icyo gihe ntibari gutekereza kubicuruzwa bisanzwe. Cataliste idasanzwe izagira ingaruka mubice byose byisi.

Mu 1941, DuPont yabonye patenti kuri iki gicuruzwa maze yandikisha ikirango ku izina rya 'Teflon ' mu 1944.

Muri iki gihe, polytetrafluoroethylene yakoreshejwe cyane mubice byinshi byumusaruro nubuzima. Mu nganda zokurya, ibikoresho bya PTFE bisize bikoreshwa cyane; mu nganda zimyenda, imyenda yo hejuru itagira ubukonje kuva mubirango nka HELIKON na Carinthia byose bikoresha PTFE nkigifuniko cyangwa igipande cyo hanze. , kugira ngo tugere ku bushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubukonje bukabije bwa -30 ° C; mu rwego rwa gisirikare, ibikoresho bya PTFE bifite igihombo gito, ibintu byiza bya dielectric, bihoraho, imiterere yimiti ihamye, kandi hafi yo kutagira ubuhehere bikoreshwa cyane mumaradiyo menshi ya radiyo. Mu rwego rwubuvuzi, ibikoresho bya PTFE nabyo bikoreshwa cyane mubice byumubiri.

PTFE igereranya iki?

PTFE bisobanura polytetrafluoroethylene, ijambo ryimiti ya polymer (C2F4) n.

Ibikoresho muri rusange bivuga ikirango cyose cya ptfe synthique fluoropolymer. Ibintu nyamukuru biranga polytetrafluoroethylene nibi bikurikira:

• Ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwo gukora (° F / ° C): 500/260

• Imbaraga za Tensile Kuruhuka (PSI): 4000

• Dielectric ihoraho (kV / mil): 3.7

• Ikigereranyo: 2.16

• Kurambura kuruhuka: 350%

• Inkombe D Gukomera: 54

Ikoreshwa rya ptfe polytetrafluoroethylene synthique fluoropolymer hamwe nibiranga haruguru bimaze kugira ibirango bitabarika, ibirango nyamukuru nibi bikurikira:

• TEFLON®: Chemours

• FLUON®: AGC Ltd.

• DYNEON®: 3M

• POLYFLON: Daikin Industrial Co., Ltd.

• ALGOFLON: Solvay Ltd.

  
  

Imiterere yimiti ya PTFE

Polytetrafluoroethylene ni polymer y'umurongo ugizwe na karubone (C) na fluorine (F), hamwe na formulaire ya chimique (C2F4) n, aho n numubare wibice bya monomer.

Imiterere ya PTFE irashobora kugaragazwa nka: -CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-

Urunigi rurerure rwa molekile ya PTFE rugizwe na atome ya karubone, buri imwe ikaba ihujwe na atome ebyiri za fluor.

Atome ya Fluorine hafi yo gutwikira hejuru ya atome ya karubone yumunyururu wa polymer. Atome ya karubone ikora urunigi nyamukuru rwumunyururu wa polymer. Atome ya fluor ikora imiterere imeze nkingabo ikikije atome ya karubone, irinda neza atome ya karubone imbere.

Iyi gahunda idasanzwe ya atome itanga PTFE imiterere yayo idasanzwe. Imiterere ya molekulari igira uruhare muri PTFE itagereranywa kumubiri na chimique.

Ibikoresho bya Teflon Niki?

Ni Teflon PTFE

Birumvikana ko Teflon ari polymer polymer polymerized kuva tetrafluoroethylene kandi ni ubwoko bwibikoresho bya parufe. Izina ryimiti ni polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

Imiterere yimiti ya Teflon irihariye. Imiterere ya molekile ni uko F (atome ya fluor) isimbuza H yose (atome ya hydrogen) kumurongo C. Muri icyo gihe kimwe, kubera ko radiyo ya atome ya fluor ari nini cyane kuruta radiyo ya atome ya karubone, kwanga hagati ya atome ni nini cyane, ku buryo itazaba nka atome ya hydrogène, irashobora gutondekwa mu ndege, bityo atome ya fluor hafi ya yose ikazunguruka kugira ngo izenguruke kuri atome ya karubone.

Hamwe na bariyeri ikomeye ya fluor atom, imiterere ya polimeri ya Teflon irahagaze neza ugereranije nibindi bikoresho.

Ibyiza bya Teflon

PTFE ni polymer polymerized kuva tetrafluoroethylene monomer. Nibishashara bisobanutse cyangwa bidasobanutse bisa na PE. Ubucucike bwayo ni 2,2g / cm3 kandi igipimo cyo kwinjiza amazi kiri munsi ya 0.01%.

Imiterere yimiti ya PTFE polymer isa niyya PE, usibye ko atome zose za hydrogen muri polyethylene zisimburwa na atome ya fluor. Bitewe ningufu nyinshi zingirakamaro hamwe nimikorere ihamye ya CF, ifite imiti irwanya ruswa kandi irashobora kwihanganira acide zose zikomeye (harimo na aqua regia) usibye ibyuma bya alkali byashongeshejwe, itangazamakuru rya okiside, na hydroxide ya sodium iri hejuru ya 300 ° C. Kimwe n'ingaruka za okiside ikomeye, kugabanya imiti hamwe na solge zitandukanye.

F atom muri molekile ya PTFE irasa, kandi ibintu bibiri mumurongo wa CF birahujwe. Nta electroni yubusa iri muri molekile, bigatuma molekile yose itabogamye. Kubwibyo, ifite imiterere ya dielectric nziza, kandi amashanyarazi yayo ntabwo yatewe ningaruka zibidukikije ninshuro.

Teflon Ibintu bifatika

Ubwinshi bwayo irwanya 1017, igihombo cya dielectric ni gito, imbaraga zayo zo gusenyuka ni nyinshi, kurwanya arc kwayo ni byiza, kandi irashobora gukorera mumashanyarazi ya 250 ° C. Kuberako nta sano ya hydrogène iri mumiterere ya molekile ya PTFE, imiterere irasa, bityo rero kristalisiti yayo Urwego rwo korohereza ibintu ni hejuru cyane (muri rusange kristu ni 55% ~ 75%, rimwe na rimwe ikagera kuri 94%), bigatuma PTFE idashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije. Ubushyuhe bwayo bwo gushonga ni 324C, ubushyuhe bwayo ni 415 ° C, naho ubushyuhe bwayo bukoreshwa ni 250 ° C. Nibyoroshye Ubushyuhe ni -190 ° C, n'ubushyuhe bwo kugoreka ubushyuhe (munsi ya 0.46MPa) ni 120C.

Ibikoresho bya Teflon bifite imiterere myiza yubukanishi. Imbaraga zayo zingana ni 21 ~ 28MPa, imbaraga zunama ni 11 ~ 14MPa, kurambura ni 250% ~ 300%, hamwe na coefficient ya dinamike kandi ihagaze neza yibyuma byombi ni 0.04, bikaba byiza kuruta nylon, polyformaldehyde, na polyethylene. Coefficient yo guterana plastike nziza ni nto.

PTFE isukuye ifite imbaraga nke, kutambara neza no kutanyerera. Mubisanzwe ni nkenerwa kongeramo uduce tumwe na tumwe twa polymer kuri PTFE, nka grafite, groupe disulfide, oxyde ya aluminium, fibre yikirahure, fibre karubone, nibindi kugirango tunoze imiterere yubukanishi. , kandi irashobora kwagurwa no gufatanya nizindi polymers nka polyphenylase (PHB), polifhenelene sulfide (PFS), polyethylene glycol (PEEK), polyethylene / propylene copolymer (PFEP), nibindi bigabanya ubushyuhe bwabyo, bikarwanya ubukana bwabyo.

Nigute Teflon Yakozwe

Igikorwa cyo gukora gikoresha chloroform nkibikoresho fatizo, ikoresha aside ya hydrofluoric ya anhydrous kugirango fluorine chloroform, ubushyuhe bwa reaction iri hejuru ya 65ºC, ikoresha antimoni pentachloride nka catalizator, hanyuma amaherezo ikoresha amashanyarazi kugirango itange tetrafluoroethylene.

Aokai ikorwa hifashishijwe guhagarika polymerisation cyangwa emulion polymerisation.

1. Gutegura monomer tetrafluoroethylene

Mu nganda, chloroform ikoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo, aside hydrofluoric ya anhydrous ikoreshwa muri fluor ya chloroform, ubushyuhe bwa reaction iri hejuru ya 65ºC, antimoni pentachloride ikoreshwa nka catalizator, hanyuma tetrafluoroethylene ikorwa no guturika. Tetrafluoroethylene irashobora kandi kubyara mugukora zinc hamwe na tetrafluorodichloroethane mubushyuhe bwinshi.

1. Gutegura polytetrafluoroethylene

Mu isafuriya ya emamel cyangwa idafite ingese, amazi akoreshwa nk'icyuma giciriritse, potasiyumu persulfate ikoreshwa nk'uwatangije, umunyu wa amfonium wa perfluorocarboxylic ukoreshwa nka dispersant, fluorocarubone ikoreshwa nka stabilisateur, na tetrafluoroethylene ni redox polymerized kugirango ubone polyeri nziza. Tetrafluoroethylene.

Ongeramo inyongeramusaruro zitandukanye kuri keteti ya reaction, hanyuma tetrafluoroethylene monomer yinjira mumashanyarazi ya polymerisiyasi mugice cya gaze. Hindura ubushyuhe muri keteti kugeza kuri 25 ° C, hanyuma ongeramo umubare runaka wa activateur (sodium metabisulfite) kugirango utangire polymerisation ukoresheje sisitemu ya redox. Mugihe cya polymerisation, monomers ikomeza kongerwaho, kandi igitutu cya polymerisation gikomeza kuri 0.49 ~ 0.78MPa. Ikwirakwizwa ryabonetse nyuma ya polymerisiyasi rivangwa no kwibanda kumazi runaka, kandi ubushyuhe burahinduka kuri 15 ~ 20ºC. Nyuma yo kwegeranya hamwe no gukanika imashini, yogejwe namazi hanyuma akuma, ni ukuvuga ko iki gicuruzwa kiboneka nkibisigazwa byiza bya granular.

Teflon ifite umutekano?

Igifuniko cya Teflon ubwacyo gifite umutekano: Ibikoresho bya Teflon ubwabyo ntabwo ari uburozi, ntibishobora kubora, kandi ntibizatera ingaruka ku buzima. Ibi birashoboka kubera ko imiterere ya molekuline ahanini idashobora gushonga mumiti nyayo, kereka niba igogorwa kandi igatwarwa numubiri wumuntu.

Wige byinshi kubyerekeye umutekano wa Teflon

Niki PTFE ikoreshwa kuri？

Ibikoresho bya PTFE bifite uburemere buke buke mubikoresho bikomeye kandi ntabwo byubahiriza ikintu icyo aricyo cyose. Ifite kandi ibiranga ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi buke hamwe nubushakashatsi bwimiti, bigatuma bukoreshwa mubikorwa nkinganda. Amabati adafite inkoni akoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo kurwanya inkoni. Igikorwa cyo kurwanya-gufatira kirimo ubwoko bubiri: gushiraho urupapuro rwa PTFE kuri substrate no gushyira PTFE itwikiriye cyangwa irangi ihujwe nikirahuri kuri substrate binyuze mu kugabanya ubushyuhe.

Wige byinshi kubyerekeranye na PTFE

Nubwo ibikoresho bya PTFE bigifite ikibazo cyingorabahizi nyinshi zo gusudira, hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, uburyo bushya bwa synthesis buzakemura vuba ububabare bwa PTFE kandi bukoreshe PTFE mubice byinshi.