ʻO Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) he kalapona a me ka polymer fluorine. Loaʻa i kēia mea ka inoa kaulana loa: Teflon.
ʻO nā waiwai o PTFE nā:
ʻO nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi loa (<1%)
Ke kū'ē i ka corrosion inertness
Kūleʻa wela
ʻO nā koena haʻahaʻa o ka friction
Nā waiwai lāʻau ʻole (e kū i nā wela kiʻekiʻe mau o 500°f (260°c))
ʻAʻahu kūʻē
Kiekie hehee ai
ʻO nā waiwai maikaʻi loa o PTFE e hāʻawi iā ia i kahi ākea o nā noi, a ua hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e like me ka uhi ʻole no ka mea kuke. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana o ka PTFE e hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia me nā mea like ʻole ma o ka emulsion polymerization a i ʻole suspension polymerization processing e hana i nā huahana ʻoihana wela wela me nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi loa, e like me ka insulation uea, nā kāʻei conveyor meaʻai, nā lole paʻa ʻole maʻalahi, etc.
He aha ka PTFE?
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Polytetrafluoroethylene i ka makahiki 1938. Ua ʻike mua ʻia e ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻAmelika ʻo Roy J. Plunkett (1910–1994) i kona hoʻāʻo ʻana e hana i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe hou a me ka fluorine. ʻAʻole noʻonoʻo ka poʻe i kēlā manawa i kēia huahana maʻamau. E hoʻopilikia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻē aʻe i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka honua.
I ka makahiki 1941, loaʻa iā DuPont kahi patent no kēia huahana a hoʻopaʻa inoa i kahi hōʻailona ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo 'Teflon' i ka makahiki 1944.
I kēia mau lā, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka polytetrafluoroethylene i nā ʻano hana a me ke ola. I ka ʻoihana ʻai meaʻai, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea kuke i uhi ʻia ʻo PTFE; i loko o ka ʻoihana lole, hoʻohana nā lole pale anu ma luna o nā hōʻailona e like me HELIKON a me Carinthia i ka PTFE ma ke ʻano he uhi a i waho paha. , i mea e hiki ai ke pale aku i ke anu nui o -30°C; i loko o ka pūʻali koa, PTFE mea me ka haʻahaʻa poho, maikaʻi loa dielectric waiwai, maikaʻi kūlike, paʻa kemika waiwai, a aneane ʻaʻohe moisture absorption ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā panela radar radio frequency kiʻekiʻe. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea PTFE i nā ʻāpana kino.
He aha ka PTFE e kū ai?
ʻO ka PTFE he polytetrafluoroethylene, ka huaʻōlelo kemika no ka polymer (C2F4)n.
E pili ana kēia mea i kekahi ptfe synthetic fluoropolymer. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka polytetrafluoroethylene penei:
Ka wela hana kiʻekiʻe loa (°F /°C): 500/260
ʻO ka ikaika ʻo Tensile ma ka Haʻi (PSI): 4,000
Dielectric mau (kV/mil): 3.7
Pākuʻi: 2.16
Elongation ma ka hoomaha: 350%
Kahakai D ʻoʻoleʻa: 54
ʻO ka ptfe polytetrafluoroethylene synthetic fluoropolymer i hoʻohana nui ʻia me nā hiʻohiʻona i luna aʻe ua loaʻa i nā hōʻailona lehulehu, ʻo nā hōʻailona nui penei:
TEFLON®: Chemours
FLUON®: AGC Ltd
DYNEON®: 3M
POLYFLON: ʻO Daikin Industrial Co., Ltd.
ALGOFLON: Solvay Ltd.
ʻO ke kinona PTFE
ʻO ka Polytetrafluoroethylene he polymer laina i haku ʻia me nā ʻātoma kalapona (C) a me ka fluorine (F), me ke ʻano kemika (C2F4)n, kahi n ka helu o nā ʻāpana monomer.
Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka PTFE e like me: -CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-
ʻO ke kaulahao lōʻihi o nā molekala PTFE i hana ʻia me nā ʻātoma kalapona, ua hoʻopili ʻia kēlā me kēia me nā ʻāpana fluorine ʻelua.
Aneane uhi nā ʻātoma fluorine i ka ʻili o nā ʻātoma kalapona o ke kaulahao polimer spiral. Hoʻokumu nā ʻātoma kalapona i ke kaulahao nui o ke kaulahao polymer. Hoʻokumu nā ʻātoma fluorine i kahi ʻano pale-like a puni nā ʻātoma kalapona, kahi e pale pono ai i nā ʻātoma kalapona kūloko.
Hāʻawi kēia hoʻonohonoho kūʻokoʻa o nā mana i ka PTFE i kāna mau waiwai. Hāʻawi kēia ʻano molekala i nā waiwai kino a me kemika ʻole o PTFE.
He aha ke ʻano o ka Teflon Material?
ʻO Teflon he thermoplastic fluoropolymer, a ʻo Teflon acronym ʻo PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene).
ʻO Teflon kahi hōʻailona o Chemours, akā naʻe, hiki ke kūʻai ʻia ʻo PTFE mai nā hui ʻē aʻe ma waho o Chemours.
He mea kaulana ʻo Teflon ma muli o kona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kiʻekiʻe ka pale wela, a me ke kūpaʻa kemika.
ʻO Teflon PTFE
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo Teflon kahi mea polymer polymerized mai ka tetrafluoroethylene a he ʻano mea perfluorinated. ʻO kona inoa kemika he polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
ʻOkoʻa loa ka hoʻolālā kemika Teflon. ʻO ka molecular structure ʻo ia ka F (fluorine atoms) e pani i nā H (hydrogen atoms) a pau ma ke kaulahao C. I ka manawa like, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka radius o ka atom fluorine ma mua o ka radius o ke kalapona kalapona, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka repulsion ma waena o nā ʻātoma, no laila ʻaʻole ia e like me nā hydrogen atoms, hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o kahi mokulele, no laila ʻo nā ʻātoma fluorine kokoke e hoʻopili i nā ʻātoma kalapona, i hiki i ka honua o waho ke hui pū me nā ʻātoma fluorine inert.
Me kahi pale ʻātoma fluorine ikaika, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka Teflon polymer structure i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Na Waiwai Teflon
ʻO ka PTFE he polymer polymerized mai ka monomer tetrafluoroethylene. He wax akaka a opaque e like me PE. ʻO 2.2g/cm3 kona mānoanoa a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka lawe ʻana i ka wai ma mua o 0.01%.
Ua like ke ano kemika o ka polimer PTFE me ka PE, koe wale no ua paniia na ano a pau o ka hydrogen i ka polyethylene e na mana fluorine. Ma muli o ka ikehu paʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka hana paʻa o ka paʻa CF, loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa ʻino kemika maikaʻi loa a hiki ke kū i nā ʻakika ikaika āpau (me ka aqua regia) koe wale nā metala alkali hoʻoheheʻe, media oxidizing, a me ka sodium hydroxide ma luna o 300°C. A me nā hopena o nā oxidants ikaika, nā mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik.
ʻO ka F atom i loko o ka mole PTFE he symmetrical, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā mea ʻelua i loko o ka paʻa CF. ʻAʻohe electrons manuahi i loko o ka mole, e hoʻokaʻawale i ka mole holoʻokoʻa. No laila, loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai dielectric maikaʻi loa, a ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia kona insulation uila e ka hopena o ke kaiapuni a me ka pinepine.
Na Waiwai Kino Teflon
ʻOi aku ka nui o kona resistivity ma mua o 1017, liʻiliʻi kona poho dielectric, kiʻekiʻe kona puʻupuʻu haʻihaʻi, maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa arc, a hiki iā ia ke hana ma kahi uila uila o 250 ° C. No ka mea, ʻaʻohe hydrogen paʻa i loko o ka PTFE molecular structure, ʻano like ke ʻano, no laila kona crystallization ʻO ka degere o ka crystallization he kiʻekiʻe loa (ʻo ka mea maʻamau ka crystallinity 55% ~ 75%, i kekahi manawa e like me 94%), ka mea e hana ai i ka PTFE wela loa. ʻO 324C kona wela hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ʻo kona mahana decomposition he 415°C, a ʻo kona wela hoʻohana kiʻekiʻe he 250°C. He palupalu ka wela -190°C, a he 120C ka wela wela (ma lalo o 0.46MPa).
Loaʻa i ka mea Teflon nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi. ʻO kona ikaika tensile ʻo 21 ~ 28MPa, ʻo ka ikaika kulou ʻo 11 ~ 14MPa, elongation ʻo 250% ~ 300%, a ʻo kona ikaika a me ka static friction coefficients kūʻē i ke kila he 0.04, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka nylon, polyformaldehyde, a me ka polyethylene. He liʻiliʻi ke koena o ka friction o nā plastic plastic cool.
He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka ikaika o ka PTFE maʻemaʻe, ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi ʻole a me ke kūpaʻa ʻino. Pono pono e hoʻohui i kekahi mau ʻāpana inorganic i ka polymer PTFE, e like me ka graphite, disulfide group, alumini oxide, aniani fiber, carbon fiber, etc. , a hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ma ka hui pū ʻana me nā polymers ʻē aʻe e like me polyphenylase (PHB), polyphenylene sulfide (PFS), polyethylene glycol (PEEK), polyethylene/propylene copolymer (PFEP), etc. kona pae wela damping, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i kona kūpaʻa ʻana i ka loli.
Pehea i hana ʻia ai ʻo Teflon
Hoʻohana ke kaʻina hana i ka chloroform ma ke ʻano he mea maka, hoʻohana i ka waika hydrofluoric anhydrous e fluorinate chloroform, ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka hopena ma luna o 65ºC, hoʻohana i ka antimony pentachloride ma ke ʻano he catalyst, a hope hoʻohana i ka ʻūhā wela e hana i ka tetrafluoroethylene.
Hana ʻia ʻo Aokai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polymerization a i ʻole ka polymerization emulsion.
Hoʻomākaukau i ka monomer tetrafluoroethylene
Ma ka ʻoihana, hoʻohana ʻia ka chloroform ma ke ʻano he mea maka, hoʻohana ʻia ka waika hydrofluoric anhydrous e fluorinate chloroform, ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka hopena ma luna o 65ºC, hoʻohana ʻia ka antimony pentachloride ma ke ʻano he catalyst, a ʻo ka hopena tetrafluoroethylene e hana ʻia e ka thermal cracking. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka Tetrafluoroethylene ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka zinc me ka tetrafluorodichloroethane ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻomākaukau i ka polytetrafluoroethylene
I loko o ka enamel a i ʻole ke kila kila polymerization kettle, hoʻohana ʻia ka wai ma ke ʻano he waena, hoʻohana ʻia ka potassium persulfate e like me ka mea hoʻomaka, hoʻohana ʻia ka paʻakai ammonium perfluorocarboxylic acid e like me ka dispersant, hoʻohana ʻia ka fluorocarbon e like me ka stabilizer, a ʻo ka tetrafluoroethylene ka redox polymerized e loaʻa ai ka polyethylene pauka maikaʻi. Tetrafluoroethylene.
E hoʻohui i nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole i ka ipu hoʻihoʻi, a komo ka monomer tetrafluoroethylene i ka ipu polymerization i ka māhele kinoea. E hoʻololi i ka mahana o ka ipuhao i 25 ° C, a laila e hoʻohui i kahi nui o ka mea hoʻoulu (sodium metabisulfite) e hoʻomaka i ka polymerization ma o kahi ʻōnaehana redox. I ke kaʻina hana polymerization, hoʻohui mau ʻia nā monomers, a mālama ʻia ke kaomi polymerization ma 0.49 ~ 0.78MPa. ʻO ka dispersion i loaʻa ma hope o ka polymerization e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i kekahi ʻano me ka wai, a hoʻoponopono ʻia ka mahana i 15 ~ 20ºC. Ma hope o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana me ka mechanical stirring, holoi ʻia me ka wai a maloʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi, Loaʻa kēia huahana e like me ka resin granular maikaʻi.
Palekana anei ʻo Teflon?
Palekana ka uhi ʻana o Teflon ponoʻī: ʻAʻole mea ʻawaʻawa ka mea Teflon ponoʻī, ʻaʻole e pohō, ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia i ke olakino. ʻO kēia paha no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kona ʻano molekala i loko o nā kemika maoli, e waiho wale i ka ʻeli ʻana a hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ke kino kanaka.
ʻO nā waiwai kūikawā o ka PTFE e hoʻohana nuiʻia i nāʻoihanaʻoihana a me ka moana e like me kaʻoihana kemika, kaʻaila, ka lole, ka meaʻai, ka hana pepa, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka uila a me nā mīkini.
Hoʻohana i ka polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) i nā waiwai anti-corrosion:
Ma muli o nā hemahema o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion o ka rubber, aniani, metala a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, paʻakikī ke hālāwai me ke ʻano paʻakikī kahi e noho pū ai ka mahana, ke kaomi a me ka media kemika, a he mea weliweli loa ka hopena. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion o ka PTFE, hoʻohana ka polytetrafluoroethylene i nā mea koʻikoʻi kūpaʻa ʻole i ka ʻaila, kemika, textile a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā noi kikoʻī: nā paipu hoʻouna, nā paipu hoʻopau, nā paipu mahu no ka lawe ʻana i nā kinoea corrosive, nā paipu ʻaila kiʻekiʻe no ka wili ʻana, nā paipu kiʻekiʻe, waena a haʻahaʻa no nā ʻōnaehana hydraulic mokulele a me nā ʻōnaehana paʻi anu, nā hale kiaʻi distillation, nā mea hoʻololi wela, nā ipu hao, nā hale kiaʻi a me nā pahu. ʻO ka hanaʻana o nā sila e like me nā linings a me nā valves he hopena nui i ka pono a me ka hana o ka mīkini a me nā mea hana a pau. Loaʻa i nā mea PTFE nā hiʻohiʻona o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, ke kūpaʻa ʻelemakule, ka liʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka non-stickiness, ākea ākea ākea, a me ka elasticity maikaʻi, kūpono loa ia no ka hana ʻana i nā sila me nā koi kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me nā mahana hana ma luna o 100 °. E like me nā hōʻailona no nā flanges grooved o nā mīkini, nā mea hoʻololi wela, nā kīʻaha kiʻekiʻe, nā moku nui-diameter, nā kiwi, a me nā pahū, nā sila no nā ipu aniani pane, nā flanges pālahalaha, nā flanges nui-diameter, nā lāʻau, nā koʻokoʻo piston, nā koʻokoʻo valve, ʻO nā puʻupuʻu Worm gear, nā sila lāʻau kaula, etc.
2. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) i nā noi hoʻouka.
ʻAʻole kūpono nā ʻāpana friction o kekahi mau mea hana no ka lubrication, e like me nā kūlana kahi e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ai ka lubricating grease e nā solvents a lilo i mea pono ʻole, a i ʻole i ka hana pepa, pharmaceuticals, meaʻai, textiles, etc. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa loa o ka friction coefficient o kēia mea ma waena o nā mea paʻa i ʻike ʻia. ʻO kāna mau hoʻohana kikoʻī e pili ana i nā bearings no nā mea hana kemika, nā mīkini hana pepa, a me nā mīkini mahiʻai, e like me nā apo piston, nā ala alakaʻi mīkini mīkini, a me nā apo alakaʻi. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i nā hana hana kīwila e like me nā paheʻe kākoʻo no nā alahaka, nā ʻūhā o ka hale o ke kila kila, nā paipu kemika nui, a me nā pahu mālama. ʻO nā poloka, a hoʻohana ʻia e like me ke kākoʻo alahaka a me nā swivels alahaka, etc.
3. Nā noi o polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) i nā polokalamu uila a me nā uila.
ʻO ka lilo haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka liʻiliʻi dielectric mau o nā mea PTFE hiki iā ia ke hana i nā uea enamel no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā motika micro, thermocouples, nā mana mana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, PTFE uila insulation kiʻi ʻoniʻoni He mea insulating kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana i nā capacitors, radio insulating liners, insulated cables, motors and transformers. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea waiwai nui no nā ʻāpana uila ʻenehana e like me ka aerospace a me ka aerospace. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni fluorine he kiʻekiʻe ka permeability i ka oxygen a me ka permeability kiʻekiʻe i ka mahu wai. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia koho koho o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e hana i nā mea ʻike oxygen. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o nā fluoroplastics e hoʻokaʻawale i ka polar charge ma lalo o ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe no ka hana ʻana i nā microphones, nā mea ʻōlelo, nā ʻāpana ma nā robots, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ko lākou refraction haʻahaʻa. Hiki i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hana kiʻekiʻe ke hana i nā fiber optical.
4.Application o polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
ʻO ka mea i hoʻonui ʻia ʻo PTFE he inert a he ikaika loa ka hoʻololi olaola. ʻAʻole ia e hōʻole ʻia e ke kino a ʻaʻohe hopena physiological i ke kino o ke kanaka. Hiki ke sterilized ma kekahi ʻano. Hiki i kona ʻano microporous ke hoʻohana i nā ʻano hoʻoponopono hoʻoponopono, me nā kīʻaha koko artificial a me nā ʻāpana no ka hoʻolaʻa hou ʻana o ka ʻiʻo palupalu a me nā ʻokiʻoki ʻoki no nā vascular, cardiac, general and orthopedic surgeries.
5.Application o nā waiwai anti-stick o polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
ʻO nā mea PTFE ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma waena o nā mea paʻa a ʻaʻole pili i kekahi mea. Loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka pale wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka inertness kemika, kūpono ia no nā noi e like me ka hana ʻana. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā pā non-stick i nā noi anti-stick. ʻO ke kaʻina hana anti-adhesive ka nui o nā ʻano ʻelua: ke kau ʻana i ka pepa PTFE ma ka substrate a kau i ka ʻO ka uhi PTFE a i ʻole varnish i hui ʻia me ke aniani ma ka substrate ma o ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka wela.
ʻOiai ke loaʻa nei nā mea PTFE i ka pilikia o ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻopili ʻana, me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana, e hoʻopau koke nā ʻano synthesis hou i nā wahi ʻeha o PTFE a hoʻopili iā PTFE i kahi ākea ākea.
