Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bụ carbon na fluorine polymer. Ihe a nwere aha kacha mara amara: Teflon.
Njirimara nke PTFE gụnyere:
Ngwongwo igwe dị mma (<1%)
Chemical inertness corrosion eguzogide
Nguzogide okpomọkụ
Ọnụọgụ esemokwu kacha ala
Ngwongwo na-abụghị mkpisi (na-eguzogide oke okpomọkụ nke 500ºF (260°c))
Yiri nguzogide
Ebe mgbaze dị elu
Ngwongwo mara mma nke PTFE na-enye ya ngwa ngwa dị iche iche, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dị ka mkpuchi na-adịghị mma maka kichin. PTFE ka mma eyi nguzogide na-enye ya ohere ijikọta ya na ihe dị iche iche site na emulsion polymerization ma ọ bụ nkwusioru polymerization nhazi iji mepụta ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ na-eguzogide okpomọkụ nke nwere ihe ndị dị mma nke ọma, dị ka mkpuchi waya, eriri na-ebufe nri, akwa akwa na-adịghị mma, wdg.
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Achọpụtara Polytetrafluoroethylene na 1938. Ọ bụ onye American chemist Roy J. Plunkett (1910-1994) chọtara ya mgbe ọ na-agbalị ime ka carbon na fluorine compound refrigerant ọhụrụ. Ndị mmadụ n'oge ahụ agaraghị eche maka ngwaahịa a nkịtị. Ihe na-akpali akpali ga-emetụta akụkụ ọ bụla nke ụwa.
Na 1941, DuPont nwetara patent maka ngwaahịa a ma debanye aha ụghalaahịa n'okpuru aha 'Teflon' na 1944.
N'oge a, a na-eji polytetrafluoroethylene eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe nke mmepụta na ndụ. Na ụlọ ọrụ nri, PTFE mkpuchi cookware na-ọtụtụ ebe; N'ime ụlọ ọrụ akwa, akwa mkpuchi oyi kachasị elu sitere na ụdị dị ka HELIKON na Carinthia niile na-eji PTFE dị ka mkpuchi ma ọ bụ oyi akwa. , iji nweta ikike iguzogide oke oyi nke -30 Celsius; na agha ubi, PTFE ihe na ala ọnwụ, magburu onwe dielectric Njirimara, ezi anọgidesi, ike chemical Njirimara, na ọ fọrọ nke nta ọ dịghị mmiri absorption na-ọtụtụ ebe na-eji na elu redio ugboro radar ogwe. Na ngalaba ahụike, a na-ejikwa ihe PTFE eme ihe na akụkụ ahụ mmadụ.
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PTFE na-anọchi anya polytetrafluoroethylene, okwu kemịkalụ maka polymer (C2F4) n.
Ihe a na-ezokarị aka na fluoropolymer sịntetik ptfe ọ bụla nwere akara. Isi njirimara nke polytetrafluoroethylene bụ ndị a:
Okpomọkụ kachasị arụ ọrụ (°F /°C): 500/260
Ike tensile na ezumike (PSI): 4,000
Dielectric mgbe niile (kV/mil): 3.7
Nkezi: 2.16
Nkwalite n'oge ezumike: 350%
Oke D ike: 54
ptfe polytetrafluoroethylene sịntetik fluoropolymer nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na njirimara ndị dị n'elu enweelarị ọtụtụ ụdị, ụdị isi bụ ndị a:
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Polytetrafluoroethylene bụ polymer linear nke nwere carbon (C) na fluorine (F) atọm, yana usoro kemịkal (C2F4) n, ebe n bụ ọnụọgụ monomer.
Enwere ike ịkọwapụta usoro PTFE dịka: -CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-
Ihe mejupụtara molekul PTFE dị ogologo bụ nke carbon carbon, nke ọ bụla jikọtara ya na atọm fluorine abụọ.
Fluorine atọm fọrọ nke nta ikpuchi elu nke carbon carbon nke gburugburu polymer yinye. The carbon atom na-etolite isi yinye nke polymer yinye. Atọm fluorine na-etolite ihe dị ka ọta gburugburu atom carbon, nke na-echebe nke ọma atom carbon dị n'ime.
Nhazi a pụrụ iche nke atọ na-enye PTFE ihe ndị pụrụ iche. Usoro ihe omimi a na-enye aka na njirimara anụ ahụ na kemịkal na-enweghị atụ nke PTFE.
Kedu ihe bụ Teflon Material?
Teflon bụ fluoropolymer thermoplastic, na Teflon acronym bụ PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene).
Teflon bụ ụghalaahịa nke Chemours, agbanyeghị, PTFE nwekwara ike zụta n'aka ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-abụghị Chemours.
Teflon bụ ihe na-ewu ewu n'ihi obere esemokwu ya, oke okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, na nguzogide kemịkal.
N'ezie, Teflon bụ ihe polymerized sitere na tetrafluoroethylene ma bụrụ ụdị ihe eji eme ihe. Aha kemịkal ya bụ polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Usoro kemịkalụ Teflon pụrụ iche. Ọdịdị molekụla bụ na F (atom fluorine) na-anọchi H niile (atom hydrogen) na agbụ C. N'otu oge ahụ, n'ihi na radius nke fluorine atom dị nnọọ ukwuu karịa radius nke carbon atom, ndị repulsion n'etiti atọm dị nnọọ ukwuu, n'ihi ya, ọ na-agaghị Dị ka hydrogen atom, ha nwere ike ndokwa na a ụgbọ elu, otú fluorine atọm fọrọ nke nta gburugburu ka kechie carbon atom, nke mere na n'èzí ụwa nwere ike na-abịa na kọntaktị na a dịtụ fluorine.
Site na mgbochi atom fluorine siri ike, ihe owuwu Teflon polymer kwụsiri ike ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe ndị ọzọ.
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PTFE bụ polymer nke sitere na tetrafluoroethylene monomer. Ọ bụ ihe na-egbuke egbuke ma ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị mma yiri PE. Njupụta ya bụ 2.2g/cm3 yana ọnụego nnabata mmiri ya erughị 0.01%.
Ọdịdị kemịkal nke PTFE polymer yiri nke PE, ma e wezụga na atom hydrogen niile dị na polyethylene na-eji atom fluorine dochie ya. N'ihi ike njikọ dị elu na arụmọrụ kwụsiri ike nke njikọ CF, ọ nwere ezigbo nguzogide corrosion kemịkalụ ma nwee ike iguzogide acid niile siri ike (gụnyere aqua regia) ma ewezuga ọla alkali gbazere, mgbasa ozi oxidizing, na sodium hydroxide karịa 300 ° C. Yana mmetụta nke oxidants siri ike, ndị na-ebelata ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na ihe mgbaze organic dị iche iche.
Atọm F dị na molekul PTFE bụ ihe atụ, yana ihe abụọ dị na njikọ CF jikọtara ọnụ. Enweghị eletrọn n'efu na molekul, na-eme ka molekul ahụ na-anọpụ iche. Ya mere, o nwere ihe dielectric magburu onwe ya, na mkpuchi eletrik ya adịghị emetụta mmetụta nke gburugburu ebe obibi na ugboro ole.
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Iguzogide olu ya karịrị 1017, ọnwụ dielectric ya dị ntakịrị, voltaji mmebi ya dị elu, nguzogide arc ya dị mma, ọ nwekwara ike ịrụ ọrụ na mpaghara eletriki nke 250 Celsius. N'ihi na ọ dịghị njikọ hydrogen na PTFE molekul Ọdịdị, Ọdịdị bụ symmetrical, ya mere crystallization ogo nke crystallization dị nnọọ elu (n'ozuzu crystallinity bụ 55% ~ 75%, mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka 94%), nke na-eme PTFE oké okpomọkụ na-eguzogide. Okpomọkụ na-agbaze ya bụ 324C, okpomọkụ ire ere ya bụ 415 Celsius C, na okpomọkụ kachasị eji ya bụ 250C. Okpomọkụ dị -190ºC, na okpomọkụ agbagọ (n'okpuru 0.46MPa ọnọdụ) bụ 120C.
Ihe Teflon nwere ezigbo ihe eji arụ ọrụ. Ya tensile ike bụ 21 ~ 28MPa, ekwe ike bụ 11 ~ 14MPa, elongation bụ 250% ~ 300%, na ike na static esemokwu ọnụọgụ megide ígwè bụ ma 0.04, nke dị mma karịa naịlọn, polyformaldehyde, na polyethylene. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke esemokwu nke plastik dị jụụ dị ntakịrị.
PTFE dị ọcha nwere ike dị ala, nkwụsi ike na-adịghị mma na nguzogide na-adịghị mma. Ọ na-adịkarị mkpa ịgbakwunye ihe ụfọdụ inorganic na PTFE polymer, dị ka graphite, disulfide group, aluminum oxide, fiber glass, carbon fiber, etc. iji meziwanye akụrụngwa ya. , na nwekwara ike gbasaa site na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị ọzọ polymers dị ka polyphenylase (PHB), polyphenylene sulfide (PFS), polyethylene glycol (PEEK), polyethylene / propylene copolymer (PFEP), wdg ya damping okpomọkụ nso, na-eme ka ya iguzogide mgbanwe.
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Usoro mmepụta na-eji chloroform dị ka akụrụngwa, na-eji anhydrous hydrofluoric acid na fluorinate chloroform, mmeghachi omume okpomọkụ dị n'elu 65ºC, na-eji antimony pentachloride dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali, na n'ikpeazụ na-eji thermal cracking na-emepụta tetrafluoroethylene.
A na-emepụta Aokai site na iji polymerization nkwusioru ma ọ bụ emulsion polymerization.
Nkwadebe nke monomer tetrafluoroethylene
Na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, a na-eji chloroform eme ihe dị ka akụrụngwa, a na-eji anhydrous hydrofluoric acid mee fluoriate chloroform, mmeghachi omume okpomọkụ dị n'elu 65ºC, antimony pentachloride na-eji dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali, na n'ikpeazụ tetrafluoroethylene na-emepụta site na thermal cracking. A pụkwara imepụta Tetrafluoroethylene site n'imeghachi zinc na tetrafluorodichloroethane na oke okpomọkụ.
Nkwadebe nke polytetrafluoroethylene
Na enamel ma ọ bụ igwe anaghị agba nchara polymerization kettle, mmiri na-eji dị ka ọkara, potassium persulfate na-eji dị ka onye mmalite, perfluorocarboxylic acid ammonium nnu na-eji dị ka dispersant, fluorocarbon-eji dị ka stabilizer, na tetrafluoroethylene bụ redox polymerized iji nweta ezi powdered polyethylene. Tetrafluoroethylene.
Tinye ihe mgbakwunye dị iche iche na kettle mmeghachi omume, tetrafluoroethylene monomer na-abanyekwa na kettle polymerization na oge gas. Gbanwee ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị na kettle ka ọ bụrụ 25 Celsius C, wee gbakwunye ntakịrị ihe activator (sodium metabisulfite) iji malite polymerization site na usoro redox. N'oge usoro polymerization, a na-agbakwunye monomers na-aga n'ihu, a na-echekwa nrụgide polymerization na 0.49 ~ 0.78MPa. Mgbasa nke enwetara mgbe a na-agbanye polymerization na mmiri mmiri, a na-agbanwekwa okpomọkụ na 15 ~ 20ºC. Mgbe nchịkọta na n'ibu edemede, a na-asacha ya na mmiri na nke a mịrị amị, ya bụ, a na-enweta ngwaahịa a dị ka resin granular dị mma.
Ihe mkpuchi Teflon n'onwe ya dị mma: Teflon ihe n'onwe ya adịghị egbu egbu, ọ gaghị emebi emebi, ọ gaghịkwa akpata nsogbu ahụike. Ma eleghị anya, nke a bụ n'ihi na ihe mejupụtara ya bụ ihe a na-apụghị ịsacha na kemịkal n'ezie, ma ya fọdụzie ịgbari ma na-etinye ya n'ahụ mmadụ.
Mụtakwuo maka nchekwa Teflon
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Njirimara pụrụ iche nke PTFE na-eme ka a na-eji ya eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na mmiri mmiri dị ka ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ, mmanụ ala, textile, nri, akwụkwọ, ọgwụ, ngwá electronic na igwe.
Ngwa nke polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) na ihe mgbochi corrosion:
N'ihi ntụpọ na nguzogide corrosion nke roba, iko, metal alloys na ihe ndị ọzọ, ọ na-esiri ike izute gburugburu ebe obibi siri ike ebe okpomọkụ, nrụgide na mgbasa ozi kemịkal na-ebikọ ọnụ, na ihe ndị na-efunahụ ndị na-akpata na-atụ egwu. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe PTFE nwere ezigbo nguzogide corrosion, polytetrafluoroethylene na-eji ihe ndị na-eguzogide corrosion bụ isi na mmanụ ala, kemịkalụ, textile na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.
Ngwa dị iche iche gụnyere: ọkpọkọ nnyefe, ọkpọkọ ọkpọkọ, ọkpọkọ uzuoku maka ibufe gas na-emebi emebi, ọkpọkọ mmanụ dị elu maka igwe igwe na-atụgharị, ọkpọkọ dị elu, ọkara na obere nrụgide maka sistemu hydraulic ụgbọ elu na sistemụ igwe oyi, ụlọ elu distillation, ndị na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ, kettles, ụlọ elu na tankị. Ịrụ ọrụ nke ihe mkpuchi kemịkalụ dị ka lining na valves nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na arụmọrụ na arụmọrụ nke igwe na akụrụngwa dum. Ihe PTFE nwere njirimara nke nguzogide corrosion, nguzogide ịka nká, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala na enweghị nhịahụ, oke okpomọkụ dị iche iche, na ịdị mma dị mma, na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka ịmepụta akara na ihe ndị na-eguzogide corrosion dị elu na okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ n'elu 100 °. Dị ka akàrà maka grooved flanges nke igwe, okpomọkụ Exchangers, elu-nrụgide arịa, nnukwu-dayameta arịa, valves, na nfuli, akàrà maka iko mmeghachi omume ite, flat flanges, nnukwu-dayameta flanges, aro, piston mkpara, valve mkpara, Worm gear nfuli, tie mkpara akàrà, wdg.
2.The ala esemokwu arụmọrụ nke polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) na-eji na ibu ngwa.
The esemokwu akụkụ nke ụfọdụ ngwá na-adịghị adabara lubrication, dị ka ọnọdụ ebe lubricating griiz ga-etisasịwo site solvents na-adịghị irè, ma ọ bụ na papermaking, pharmaceuticals, nri, textiles, wdg Products na ulo oru ubi kwesịrị izere lubricating mmanụ mmetọ, nke na-eme ka jupụtara PTFE ihe ndị kasị mma ihe maka mmanụ-free ibu akụkụ nke mmanụ-free ibu akụkụ). Nke a bụ n'ihi na ọnụọgụ esemokwu nke ihe a bụ nke kachasị ala n'etiti ihe siri ike ama ama. Ihe eji eme ya nke ọma gụnyere bearings maka akụrụngwa kemịkalụ, igwe na-edobe akwụkwọ, na igwe ọrụ ugbo, dị ka mgbanaka piston, okporo ụzọ ntuziaka igwe, na mgbanaka ntuziaka. A na-eji ha eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ọrụ owuwu obodo dị ka ihe ngosi mmịfe maka àkwà mmiri, ọwara nchara arụrụ arụ ụlọ, nnukwu pipeline kemịkal, na tankị nchekwa. Ihe mgbochi, yana ejiri ya dị ka nkwado akwa na akwa swivels, wdg.
3. Ngwa nke polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) na ngwa eletriki na eletriki.
Ihe dị n'ime ala dị ala na obere dielectric na-adịgide adịgide nke ihe PTFE na-eme ka ọ bụrụ wires enameled maka iji micro Motors, thermocouples, ngwaọrụ njikwa, wdg, ihe nkiri mkpuchi ọkụ eletrik PTFE Ọ bụ ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi maka ịmepụta capacitors, redio mkpuchi mkpuchi, eriri mkpuchi, moto na ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa maka akụrụngwa eletrọnịkị ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe dịka ikuku ikuku na ikuku. Ojiji nke ihe nkiri plastik fluorine nwere ikike dị elu na ikuku oxygen na nnukwu permeability na vepo mmiri. Nke a na-ahọrọ permeability nke obere permeability nwere ike iji mepụta ihe mmetụta oxygen. Enwere ike iji njirimara nke fluoroplastics nke na-eme ka ọgbaghara ụgwọ polar n'okpuru nnukwu okpomọkụ na nrụgide dị elu iji mepụta igwe okwu, ndị na-ekwu okwu, akụkụ na robots, wdg, na enwere ike iji ntụgharị ha dị ala. Njirimara nke arụmọrụ dị elu nwere ike ime eriri anya.
4.Ngwa nke polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) na nkà mmụta ọgwụ.
Ihe PTFE gbasaara bụ nke na-adịghị agwụ agwụ ma nwee ike ime mgbanwe nke ndu. Ọ gaghị eme ka anụ ahụ jụrụ ya ma ọ nweghị mmetụta physiological n'ahụ mmadụ. Enwere ike ime ya site na usoro ọ bụla. Ọdịdị microporous ya na-enye ohere maka iji ya mee ihe n'ụdị ngwọta dị iche iche, gụnyere arịa ọbara artificial na patches maka mgbatị anụ ahụ dị nro na ịwa ahụ maka ịwa ahụ vaskụla, obi obi, izugbe na orthopedic.
5.Ngwa nke ihe mgbochi osisi nke polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
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Ihe PTFE nwere obere esemokwu elu n'etiti ihe siri ike ma ọ dịghị agbaso ihe ọ bụla. Ọ nwekwara àgwà nke elu na ala okpomọkụ na-eguzogide na kemịkalụ inertness, na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka ngwa dị ka mmepụta. A na-eji pan ndị na-abụghị osisi eme ihe na ngwa mgbochi osisi. Usoro mgbochi nrapado na-agụnye ụdị abụọ: ịtinye mpempe akwụkwọ PTFE na mkpụrụ na itinye ihe. PTFE mkpuchi ma ọ bụ varnish mejupụtara na iko na mkpụrụ site okpomọkụ shrinkage.
Mụtakwuo maka mkpuchi PTFE
Ọ bụ ezie na PTFE ihe ka nwere nsogbu nke nnukwu ihe isi ike na ịgbado ọkụ, na ọganihu nke nkà na ụzụ, ọhụrụ njikọ ụzọ ga-adịghị anya dozie ihe mgbu isi nke PTFE na itinye PTFE a wider nso nke ubi.
