ꯌꯦꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ: 0 ꯂꯤꯈꯨꯟ: ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯔ ꯐꯣꯉꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ: ꯲꯰꯲꯶-꯰꯶-꯱꯵ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝ: ꯃꯐꯝ
ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ – ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ 'ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯀꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ' ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯨꯝ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ, ꯑꯦꯂꯀꯥꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯟꯇ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, 'ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ' ꯑꯁꯤ 'ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫' ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ – ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ, ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯣꯜꯇꯦꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯇꯥ – ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.
ꯈꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ
ꯑꯑꯣꯀꯥꯏ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯅꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯠꯄꯥ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯕꯨ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯒꯦ, ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯁꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠꯇꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫
ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ: ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ (ꯊꯤꯟ, ꯅꯟ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ, ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯔꯠ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯁꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ (ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯄꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ)꯫ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ:
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ – ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ, ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯗꯥ꯫ ꯔꯨꯝ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ, ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯆꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯝꯝꯌꯨꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯍꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯌꯥꯆꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣ-ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ. ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯏꯂꯔ ꯃꯣꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
ꯃꯣꯜꯇꯦꯟ ꯁꯣꯗꯤꯌꯝ (Na), ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ (K), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ (Li)ꯅꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯗꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯅꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯁꯪꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯆꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯗꯤꯌꯝ-ꯅꯦꯐꯊꯥꯂꯤꯟ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇ: ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫
ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯂꯀꯥꯂꯤ ꯃꯦꯇꯂꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯜꯇꯤꯡ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, 98°Cꯗꯥ Na)ꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ꯫
ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ: ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯨ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ PTFE ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯁꯨ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫
ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.
ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯤꯟ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ (F2): ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯗꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯍꯦꯂꯣꯖꯦꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯥꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ: ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯤꯟ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯥꯏꯗ (ClF3) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯤꯟ ꯄꯦꯟꯇꯥꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯥꯏꯗ (BrF1)ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.
ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯥꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ: ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯖꯦꯅꯟ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯥꯏꯗ (XeF2)꯫
ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ: ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ꯫
ꯃꯣꯜꯇꯦꯟ ꯁꯣꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ (NaOH) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ (KOH)ꯅꯥ 300°Cꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ PTFEꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯣꯕꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯁ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ 300°Cꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ, ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯅꯥ ꯑꯂꯀꯥꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯔꯨꯝ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ, ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫
ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ (Mg), ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ (Al), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯥꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯏꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯌꯔꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫
ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯗꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯍꯣꯜ, ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯌꯥꯆ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯖ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖꯔ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯍꯥꯌꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ ꯇꯥꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ (ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇ)ꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯥꯏꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅꯥ HFꯕꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ – PTFE ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ HF ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯛꯌꯨꯏꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫
ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, PTFE-ꯀꯣꯇꯦꯗ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ HFꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯐ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯍꯣꯜ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ (ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ) ꯑꯁꯣꯌꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯅꯥ HF ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯋꯤꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ: HF ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ, ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ PTFE ꯐꯤꯜꯃ (ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯔꯤꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯁꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯄꯤꯅꯍꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯀꯦꯄꯁꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ PTFE ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫
ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ (NaOH) ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯔꯨꯝ-ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ, ꯗꯤꯜꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯦꯂꯀꯥꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯑꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯣꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯀꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯃꯨꯀꯁꯨ, ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯏꯛ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ (ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯐꯨꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ) ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ. ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯲꯶꯰°C ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯃꯣꯜꯇꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯂꯀꯥꯂꯤ ꯃꯦꯇꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯣꯠ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯑꯦꯐ., ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯤꯅꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.-ꯀꯣꯇꯦꯗ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯦꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯗꯦ . ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ:
ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯔꯤꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯁꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ (ꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯚ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ)꯫
ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.-ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯌꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦ. ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯄꯤ. (ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯣꯄꯣꯂꯤꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ)
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ 'ꯁꯦꯐ' ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯎ꯫ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ (ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ, ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ, ꯃꯇꯝ)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯑꯣꯀꯥꯏ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯅꯥ ꯚꯦꯂꯤꯗꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ꯫ |
ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ |
ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇ (ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ) |
ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯐ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ? |
|---|---|---|---|
ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡ (H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ) |
ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ |
ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ |
✅ ꯍꯣꯌ (꯲꯶꯰°C ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ) |
ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯂꯀꯥꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ (NaOH, KOH – ꯗꯤꯜꯌꯨꯠ, ꯔꯨꯝ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ) |
ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ |
ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ |
✅ ꯍꯣꯌ꯫ |
ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ NaOH/KOH >300°C (ꯃꯩꯁꯥ) |
ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯆꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ꯫ |
ꯑꯁꯣꯏ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ |
⚠️ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ (ꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯔ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ. ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ) |
ꯍꯥꯌꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ (ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯑꯦꯐ.) |
ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ (ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ) |
ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫ |
❌ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ (ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯄꯔꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ) |
ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯇꯣꯟ, ꯇꯣꯂꯨꯏꯟ, ꯑꯂꯀꯣꯍꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ) |
ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ |
ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ |
✅ ꯍꯣꯌ꯫ |
ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯂꯀꯥꯂꯤ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯁꯤꯡ (Na, K) . |
ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ ꯇꯥꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫ |
ꯑꯦꯟ/ꯑꯦ |
❌ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ (ꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯔ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ. ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ) |
ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯤꯟ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ (F2)꯫ |
ꯗꯤꯀꯃꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ |
ꯑꯦꯟ/ꯑꯦ |
❌ ꯅꯪ |
ꯑꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯣꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ꯫ |
ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ |
ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯏꯔꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ |
⚠️ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯋꯥ (ꯑꯁꯣꯌ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ) |
ꯑꯑꯣꯀꯥꯏ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ – ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.-ꯀꯣꯇꯦꯗ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ. ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ, ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯖꯤꯌꯥꯡꯁꯨ ꯑꯥꯑꯣꯀꯥꯏ ꯅꯤꯎ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯀꯣꯡ, ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗꯅꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ.
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯔꯦꯟꯖꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯅꯥꯔꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯤꯡꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯄꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ, ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ:
ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯒꯨꯑꯣ: ꯱. +꯸꯶ 18944819998
ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯂꯤꯌꯨ. +꯸꯶ 13705266308
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯂꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯂꯣꯁꯣꯐꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯟ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯞ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯆꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯁꯛꯂꯤ꯫