Lapi ra PTFE ra mahiselo yale henhla ritirhisiwa ngopfu tani hi xisirhelelo xa gezi eka ku khoma tintambhu, ti transformer layers, ti motor windings, na ti circuit ta frequency yale henhla. Kambe ku cinca ka mahiselo – kusuka eka xirhami xo titimela kuya eka kuhisa lokukulu – swi cinca mahanyelo ya yona yo pfalela. Xana unga titshega hi lapi ra PTFE eka 200°C? Xana ku humelela yini ehenhla ka 260°C?
Nhlamulo ya kona yi ni vuxiyaxiya. Xivumbeko xa molecular xa PTFE xiyi nyika insulation yo hlamarisa eka xiphemu lexikulu xa ndzhawu ya yona yo tirha, kambe ku tlula 260°C swi hlohletela ku onhaka lokunga hundzukiki. Naswona hambileswi mahiselo yo titimela ma antswisaka gezi, ma endla leswaku xifunengeto xi tshoveka.
Aokai PTFE yi ringetile swivumbeko swa insulation eka mahiselo yo tlula mpimo. Xihloko lexi xi avanyisa matirhelo hi swiyenge swinharhu: matirhelo ya ntolovelo (-180°C kuya eka 260°C), yale henhla swinene (>260°C), na mahiselo yale hansi (<0°C), na data ya nkoka eka resistivity, matimba ya dielectric, na switandzhaku leswi tirhaka.
Ndzhawu ya ntolovelo yo tirha: -180°C kuya eka 260°C – Insulation leyi tiyeke swinene
Endzeni ka xikalo lexi, lapi ra mahiselo yale henhla ra PTFE ri hlayisa ku pfaleriwa ka gezi loku xiyekaka na loku tiyeke – ku vuyeriwa ka nkoka loku seketelaka ku tirhisiwa ka rona loku hangalakeke ka tiindasitiri.
1. Vholumo & Ku lwisana ka le henhla
Mahiselo
Ku Tiyisela ka Vholumo (Ω·cm) .
Nhlamuselo ya swona
Ndhawu leyi nga ekusuhi (25°C) .
10⊃1;7 – 10⊃1;8
Swikahle swinene – exikarhi ka ti insulators ta kahle swinene
200°C
10⊃1;⊃3; – 10⊃1;4
Hambi swi ri tano swi tlakukile swinene ku tlula switirhisiwa swo tala leswi tolovelekeke
260°C
>10⊃1;⊃2; (ringanyeta)
Ya ha tirha eka switirhisiwa swo tala
Endlelo: Resistivity yihunguteka hiku ringanela loko mahiselo ya tlakuka hikuva mahiselo yale henhla ya tiyisa thermal motion ya PTFE molecular chains naswona ya hatlisisa ku rhurha ka trace impurity carriers. Hambiswiritano, hambi kuri eka 200°C, PTFE yi tlula tipulasitiki totala ta vunjhiniyara eka mahiselo ya kamara.
Xiya eka ku tiya ka le henhla: Ku tiya ka le henhla switala kuva na kutsakama ka ndzhawu. PTFE yi le kusuhi no va leyi nga riki na mati; ndzhongho wa le henhla wu khuluka eka mahiselo yale henhla, leswi tisaka ku pfaleriwa ka le henhla loku tiyeke kutlula ehansi ka swiyimo swa kamara leringana ndzhongho wale henhla.
2. Matimba ya Dielectric (Voltage yo tshoveka) .
Swihunguteka loko mahiselo ya tlakuka. Ku famba-famba ka ku hisa ka timolekhuli loku nyanyisiweke ku endla leswaku nchumu lowu wu va ekhombyeni ro onhaka hi gezi.
Kusuka eka mahiselo ya kamara kuya eka 200°C, matimba ya dielectric ya nkarhi wo koma ya wa hi kwalomu ka 20%–40% ..
Hambi swiritano, lapi ra premium kwalomu ka 0.1 mm hiku enta ra ha tiyisela ti kilovolts to hlaya (kumbe makume ya ti kilovolts eka ti grades to tiya) eka 200°C – vuswikoti byo tiya bya insulation byi hlayisiwile.
3. Dielectric Constant & Dissipation Factor – Ku cinca-cinca lokutsongo
Nhundzu
Nhlayo (-100°C kuya eka 250°C) .
Ku tshamiseka
Xihlawulekisi xa dielectric (Dk) .
2.0 – 2.1
Ku lava ku va xiphepherhele
Xiphemu xa ku hangalaka (tan δ) .
0.0002 – 0.001
Ultra-ya le hansi swinene
Leswaku hikokwalaho ka yini leswi swiri swa nkoka: Xivumbeko xa molecular xa PTFE xa symmetric swinene na ultra-low polarization switiyisisa ku hundziseriwa ka signal leyi tiyeke na ku tumbuluxiwa ka kuhisa ka ultra-low ehansi ka vukorhokeri bya high-frequency & high-temperature. Leswi swi endla leswaku PTFE yi faneleka tani hi xitirhisiwa xa kahle xa high-frequency insulating eka switirhisiwa swa RF na microwave.
Lapi ra Aokai PTFE ra mahiselo yale henhla ri boxiwile hi vaxavi eka ku pfaleriwa ka transformer ya frequency yale henhla hikokwalaho ka Dk ya rona leyi tiyeke (2.05±0.05) na ultra-low tanδ (0.0002-0.0005) eka -50°C kuya eka 200°C range. Hi nyika swiviko swa swikambelo swa nhundzu ya dielectric loko swi komberiwa.
Ndzhawu ya Mahiselo yale Henhla swinene: Ehenhla ka 260°C – Ku onhaka lokunga hundzukiki
Ku tlula mahiselo ya vukorhokeri bya nkarhi wo leha lama pfumeleriwaka ya PTFE swi hlohlotela ku onhaka ka nyama na tikhemikhali loku nga hundzukiki – ku nga ri ku cinca ka nhundzu loku nga hundzukiki.
Ndzhawu ya Mahiselo
Xiyimo xa swilo leswi vonakaka
Xiyimo xa Insulation
260°C – 327°C
Xifunengeto xa PTFE xa olova; matimba ya michini ma lahlekile swinene. Ntshikelelo wale handle kumbe ndzhwalo wa gezi hiku olova swivanga ku onhaka ka coating na puncture → combined mechanical-electrical failure hambi loko ti core electrical parameters titshama ti amukeleka
A swi tshembeki – khombo ra ku tlhaviwa
Ehenhla ka 327°C
Ku fika eka ndzhawu ya PTFE ya crystalline melting point. PTFE yo tiya yi hundzuka xiyimo xa high-elastic kumbe gel, yi lahlekeriwa hi vutshembeki bya xivumbeko
Kwalomu ka ku tsandzeka hi ku helela
Ehenhla ka 400°C
Ku bola lokukulu hi ku hisa ku humesa tigasi leti nga ni khombo leti landzelaka. Carbonization na ti conductive passages ti vumba endzeni ka material → volume resistivity yi hunguteka swinene, insulation yi onhiwa hi laha ku nga heriki
Ku tsandzeka loku heleleke – tindlela leti fambisaka ti vumbiwa
Xilemukiso xa nkoka: Hambi leswi lapi ra base fiberglass ri tiyiselaka 550-750°C loko ringa se olova, bare uncoated fiberglass yi tswonga ndzhongho hiku olova endzhaku ka ku tsandzeka ka PTFE coating naswona ayi koti ku tirha hiku tiyimela eka high-voltage insulation.
Ndzhawu ya Mahiselo yale hansi: Ehansi ka 0°C – Ku antswisiwa ka Gezi kambe Brittle Mechanical
Nhundzu
Vuyelo byale hansi ka 0°C
Nhlamuselo leyi Tirhaka
Ku lwisana ka vholumo
Ku tlakuka – mahiselo yale hansi ya pfala ku famba ka molecular chain, ku sivela ku rhurha ka carrier
Ku pfaleriwa ka gezi swa antswa kutlula eka mahiselo ya kamara
Matimba ya dielectric
Ku engeteleka – swilo leswi tiyiselaka swinene ku tshoveka
PTFE yi hundza eka ku cinca ka xiphemu xa crystal eka ~19°C; yi hundzuka brittle swinene ehansi ka -79°C
Ku gombonyoka kumbe ku khumbeka swi nga ha pandzeka PTFE coating → swi endla leswaku ku va na swihoxo swa insulation
Key takeaway: Hambi leswi ku antswisiweke ku pfaleriwa ka gezi eka mahiselo yale hansi, PTFE coating yi hundzuka brittle. Eka switirhisiwa swa cryogenic (xikombiso, ti liquid nitrogen lines, superconducting magnets), tiyisisa leswaku lapi ari endliwi eka sharp bending kumbe mechanical stress ehansi ka -79°C. Loko se yi pandzekile, vutshembeki bya insulation bya lahleka ku nga khathariseki swivumbeko swa gezi.
Nkatsakanyo – Tshama Endzeni ka 260°C kuva u kuma Insulation yo Tshembeka
Ndzhawu ya Mahiselo
Matirhelo ya Insulation
Xiyimo xa Michini
Xitsundzuxo
-180°C kuya eka 260°C
Swikahle swinene – switshamisekile, swikota ku lwisana swinene, ku lahlekeriwa ka le hansi
Ku olova (languta ku brittleness ehansi ka -79°C) .
Swi hlayisekile ku tirhisiwa loku yaka emahlweni
260°C – 327°C
Ku onha – ku peta loku olovaka ku nga ha onhaka/ku tlhaviwa
Ku olovisa
A swi tshembeki – papalata ku hlangana na swona nkarhi wo leha
327°C – 400°C
Kusuhi na ku tsandzeka – ku n’oka, ku lahlekeriwa hi xivumbeko
Gel/xitirhisiwa xa mati
A hi ku tirhisiwa hi gezi
>400°C
Ku tsandzeka ka nkarhi hinkwawo – carbonization yi tumbuluxa tindlela leti fambisaka
Ku bola
Catastrophic – cinca hi ku hatlisa
Hi ku komisa , endzeni ka mahiselo ya ntirho lama ringanyetiweke lama yaka emahlweni (≤260°C), mahiselo ya veka nkucetelo wo biha lowu nga nyawuriki eka ku pfaleriwa ka gezi ka lapi ra mahiselo ya le henhla ya PTFE. Volume resistivity yi tshama yi ri ehenhla ka 10⊃1;⊃3; Ω·cm eka 200°C; dielectric constant yi tshama eka 2.0-2.1; dissipation factor ehansi ka 0.001. Leswi swiendla leswaku PTFE yiva yin’wana ya switirhisiwa swo pfalela swa mahiselo yale henhla leswi tiyeke swinene leswi kumekaka – ngopfu ngopfu eka switirhisiwa swa frequency yale henhla laha ti polymers tin’wana ti lahlekeriwa swinene.
Loko se yi hise ngopfu ku tlula 260°C, ku tsandzeka ka insulation ku sungula kusuka eka ku olova ka michini na ku onhaka, ekuheteleleni ku hundzuka ku onhaka loku heleleke ka gezi. Ehenhla ka 400°C, carbonization yi endla tindlela ta nkarhi hinkwawo leti fambisaka. Ehansi ka 0°C, swivumbeko swa gezi swa antswa, kambe mechanical brittleness yi veka ekhombyeni ro pandzeka xifunengeto.
Xana u lava lapi ra PTFE ra mahiselo ya le henhla leri nga na swivumbeko swo pfalela leswi tiyisisiweke eka mpimo wa wena wa mahiselo? Aokai PTFE yi nyika datha ya xikambelo xa dielectric lexi heleleke kusuka eka -70°C kuya eka 260°C. Tihlanganise na hina hi swilaveko swa wena swa mahiselo yo tirha, voltage, na frequency.
Loko u fanele ku lava swihlawulekisi swin’wana swa xithekiniki, swintshuxo swa xikombelo, na vuhumelerisi lebyi endleriweke ku tirhisiwa ka switirhisiwa swa xiyimo xa le henhla ku katsa na lapi ra mahiselo ya le henhla ya PTFE, thepi yo namarhela ya PTFE, bandi ro fambisa mesh ya PTFE, bandi ra muchini wo fusa leri nga na swirhabyani, lapi ra PTFE leri pfanganisiweke na tlhelo rin’we na lapi ra conveyor & fiberglass leri tiyiselaka mahiselo ya le henhla , hi kombela u hi tihlanganisa:
Hi namarhela vutshila na vutshembeki ku tisa swintshuxo swa tiindasitiri leswi lulamisiweke swa xiyimo xin’we na nseketelo lowu anakanyiweke endzhaku ka ku xavisiwa.
