Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) i polymer ya khaboni na fluorine. Nchumu lowu wu na vito leri tolovelekeke swinene: Teflon.
Swihlawulekisi swa PTFE swi katsa:
Swihlawulekisi swa kahle swa michini (<1%) .
Ku tsana ka ku nga tirhi ka tikhemikhali .
Ku lwisana na ku hisa .
Tikhoyifisiyense ta le hansi ta ku hlangana .
Swihlawulekisi swa Non Stick(leswi nga na mahiselo yale henhla lawa ya yaka emahlweni ya 500°F (260°C))
Ku lwisana na ku ambala .
Ndhawu ya le henhla yo n’oka .
Swihlawulekisi swa kahle swinene swa PTFE swinyika switirhisiwa swohambana hambana, naswona switala kutirhisiwa tani hi non-stick coating eka swibya swo sweka. PTFE’s better wear resistance yi pfumelela leswaku yi hlanganisiwa na switirhisiwa swohambana hambana hiku tirhisa emulsion polymerization kumbe suspension polymerization processing kuva yi endla switirhisiwa swale henhla swa ti indasitiri leswi lwisanaka na mahiselo leswingana swivumbeko swa kahle swinene swa michini, kufana na wire insulation, food-grade conveyor belts, flexible non-stick fabrics, etc.
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Polytetrafluoroethylene yi kumiwile hi 1938. Eku sunguleni yi tshuburiwile hi mutivi wa tikhemikhali wa le Amerika Roy J. Plunkett (1910–1994) loko a ri karhi a ringeta ku endla xigwitsirisi lexintshwa xa khaboni na fluorine. Vanhu hi nkarhi wolowo a va nga ta ehleketa hi xitirhisiwa lexi lexi tolovelekeke. Swihlohloteri swo hlamarisa swi ta khumba xiphemu xin’wana ni xin’wana xa misava.
Hi 1941, DuPont u kumile patent ya xitirhisiwa lexi kutani a tsarisa mfungho wa bindzu ehansi ka vito ra 'Teflon' hi 1944.
Sweswi, polytetrafluoroethylene yitirhisiwile swinene eka tindzhawu totala ta vuhumelerisi na vutomi. Eka bindzu ra swakudya, swibya swo sweka leswi pfanganisiweke na PTFE swi tirhisiwa ngopfu; Eka bindzu ra swiambalo, swiambalo swale henhla leswinga pfanganisiwiki na swilo kusuka eka swikoweto swofana na Helikon na Carinthia hinkwaswo switirhisa PTFE tani hi coating kumbe outer layer. , leswaku ku fikeleriwa vuswikoti byo tiyisela xirhami lexikulu xa -30°C; Eka nsimu ya masocha, switirhisiwa swa PTFE leswingana ku lahlekeriwa ka le hansi, swivumbeko swa kahle swinene swa dielectric, ku ringanana lokunene, swivumbeko swa tikhemikhali leswi tiyeke, naswona kwalomu ka kungari na ku amukeriwa ka ndzhongho switirhisiwa ngopfu eka tiphaneleni ta radio frequency yale henhla. Eka ntirho wa swa vutshunguri, switirhisiwa swa PTFE swi tlhela swi tirhisiwa ngopfu eka swirho swa miri leswi endliweke.
Xana PTFE yi yimela yini?
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PTFE yi yimela polytetrafluoroethylene, rito ra tikhemikhali leri vulaka polymer (C2F4)N.
Nchumu lowu hi ntolovelo wu kombetela eka PTFE synthetic fluoropolymer yihi na yihi leyi nga na vito. Swihlawulekisi leswikulu swa polytetrafluoroethylene hi leswi landzelaka:
Mahiselo ya le henhla ya ntirho (°F /°C): 500/260 .
Matimba ya ku tsana eka ku wisa (PSI): 4,000 .
Nkarhi hinkwawo wa dielectric (kv/mil): 3.7.
Xiphemu: 2.16 .
Ku leha hi nkarhi wo wisa: 350% .
Shore D Ku tiya: 54 .
PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene Fluoropolymer leyi tirhisiwaka ngopfu leyi nga na swihlawulekisi leswi nga laha henhla se yi na swikoweto swo hlaya, swikoweto leswikulu hi leswi landzelaka:
Xivumbeko xa tikhemikhali xa PTFE .
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Polytetrafluoroethylene i polymer ya linear leyi vumbiwaka hi ti athomo ta khaboni (C) na fluorine (F), na fomula ya tikhemikhali (C2F4)N, laha n ku nga nhlayo ya tiyuniti ta monomer.
Xivumbeko xa PTFE xi nga kombisiwa tanihi: -cf2-cf2-cf2-cf2- .
Nketani yo leha ya timolekhuli ta PTFE yi endliwe hi tiatomo ta khaboni, yin’wana ni yin’wana ya tona yi fambisana ni tiatomo timbirhi ta fluorine.
Tiatomo ta fluorine ti lava ku funengeta vuandlalo bya tiatomo ta khaboni ta xirhendzevutana xa polymer ya spiral. Ti athomo ta khaboni ti vumba nketani leyikulu ya nxaxamelo wa polymer. Tiatomo ta fluorine ti vumba xivumbeko xo fana ni xitlhangu lexi rhendzeleke tiatomo ta khaboni, leswi sirhelelaka kahle tiatomo ta khaboni ta le ndzeni.
Lunghiselelo leri ro hlawuleka ra tiatomo ri nyika PTFE swihlawulekisi swa yona swo hlawuleka. Xivumbeko lexi xa molekhuli xi hoxa xandla eka swivumbeko swa physical na tikhemikhali leswi nga ringanisiwiki na nchumu swa PTFE.
Xana Teflon Material i yini?
Teflon i fluoropolymer ya thermoplastic, naswona xihlamusela-marito xa Teflon i PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene).
Teflon i mfungho wa mabindzu ya Chemours, hambiswiritano, PTFE yinga tlhela yi xaviwa eka tikhamphani tin’wana handle ka ti chemours.
Teflon i nchumu lowu dumeke hikokwalaho ka ku hlangana ka yona ka le hansi, ku lwisana na mahiselo yale henhla, na ku lwisana na ti khemikhali.
I ntiyiso, Teflon i xitirhisiwa xa polymer lexi polymerized kusuka eka tetrafluoroethylene naswona i muxaka wa perfluorinated material. Vito ra yona ra tikhemikhali i Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Xivumbeko xa tikhemikhali xa Teflon xi hlawulekile swinene. Xivumbeko xa molekhuli hileswaku f (fluorine atoms) yi siva ti h hinkwato (hydrogen atoms) eka C chain. Hi nkarhi lowu fanaka, hikuva radius ya athomo ya fluorine yikulu swinene ku tlula radius ya athomo ya khaboni, ku hlongorisa exikarhi ka tiatomo i kukulu swinene, hikwalaho a swi nge fani na tiatomo ta hayidirojeni, ti nga hleriwa hi xiphemu, leswaku tiatomo ta fluorine ti lava ku rhendzeleka ku ya ehenhla ku phutsela ti athomo ta khaboni, leswaku misava ya le handle yi ta kota ku hlangana na ti-fluorine leti nga na floonine ku ya ehenhla ku phutsela ti-atom ta khaboni, leswaku misava ya le handle yi ta kota ku hlangana na ti-atomo ta inert leti nga ta va kona.
Hi xisirhelelo xa athomo ya fluorine yo tiya, xivumbeko xa polymer xa Teflon xi tshamisekile swinene loko xi pimanisiwa na switirhisiwa swin’wana.
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PTFE i polymer leyi polymerized kusuka eka tetrafluoroethylene monomer. I wax leyi vonakaka kumbe leyi nga voniki kahle leyi fanaka na PE. Ku tsindziyela ka yona i 2.2g/cm3 naswona mpimo wa yona wo tswonga mati wu le hansi ka 0.01%.
Xivumbeko xa tikhemikhali ta polymer ya PTFE xifana na xa PE, handle ka leswaku ti athomo hinkwato ta hydrogen eka polyethylene ti siviwa hi ti athomo ta fluorine. Hikokwalaho ka matimba yale henhla ya bond xikan’we na matirhelo lawa ya tiyeke ya CF bond, yina ti khemikhali ta kahle swinene to tiya naswona yinga tiyisela ti acid hinkwato to tiya (kukatsa na aqua regia) handle ka tinsimbi ta alkali leti n’okiweke, oxidizing media, na sodium hydroxide ehenhla ka 300°C. xikan’we na mbuyelo wa ti oxidants to tiya, ti reducing agents na ti organic solvents to hambana hambana.
Athomo ya F eka molekhuli ya PTFE i ya xiyimo xa le henhla, naswona swiaki leswimbirhi eka xihlanganisi xa CF swi hlanganisiwa hi ndlela ya covalent. A ku na tielektroni leti ntshunxekeke eka molekhuli, leswi endlaka leswaku molekhuli hinkwayo yi va leyi nga riki na xihlawuhlawu. Hikokwalaho, yina swivumbeko swa kahle swinene swa dielectric, naswona insulation ya yona ya gezi ayi khumbeki hi nkucetelo wa mbango na frequency.
Teflon Swihlawulekisi swa xiviri .
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Ku tiya ka yona ka volume i kukulu ku tlula 1017, ku lahlekeriwa ka yona hi dielectric i kutsongo, voltage ya yona ya ku tshoveka yi le henhla, ku lwisana ka yona ka arc i swinene, naswona yi nga tirha eka ndhawu ya gezi ya 250°C. Hikuva ku hava swihlanganisi swa hayidirojeni eka xivumbeko xa molekhuli ya PTFE, xivumbeko xa kona i xa xiyimo xa le henhla, hikwalaho crystallization ya yona degree ya crystallization yi le henhla swinene (hi ku angarhela crystallinity yi 55%~75%, nkarhi wun’wana yi va ehenhla ku fika eka 94%), leswi endlaka leswaku PTFE yi lwisana swinene na ku hisa. Mahiselo ya yona yo n’oka i 324C, mahiselo ya yona ya ku bola i 415°C, naswona mahiselo ya yona yale henhla ya kutirhisiwa i 250°C. Swi brittle mahiselo ya -190°C, naswona mahiselo ya ku soholotiwa ka kuhisa (ehansi ka swiyimo swa 0.46MPa) i 120C.
Teflon material yina swivumbeko swa kahle swa michini. Matimba ya yona ya tensile i 21~28MPa, matimba yo gombonyoka i 11~14MPa, elongation i 250%~300%, naswona ti dynamic na static friction coefficients ta yona eka nsimbi hivumbirhi bya tona i 0.04, leswi swi antswaka ku tlula nylon, polyformaldehyde, na polyethylene. Xiringaniso xa ku hlangana ka tipulasitiki to kufumela i xitsongo.
Pure PTFE yina matimba yale hansi, ku lwisana na ku onhaka lokunga kahle xikan’we naku lwisana na creep lokunga kahle. Hi ntolovelo swa laveka ku engetela swiphemuphemu swin’wana leswi nga riki swa ntumbuluko eka polymer ya PTFE, ku fana na graphite, disulfide group, aluminium oxide, glass fibre, carbon fibre, na swin’wana ku antswisa swivumbeko swa yona swa michini. , naswona yi nga tlhela yi ndlandlamuxiwa hi ku tirhisana na tipholimire tin’wana to fana na polyphenylase (PHB), polyphenylene sulfide (PFS), polyethylene glycol (peek), polyethylene/propylene copolymer (PFEP), na swin’wana na swin’wana.
Teflon yi endliwa njhani .
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Endlelo ro endla swilo ri tirhisa chloroform tani hi raw material, ri tirhisa anhydrous hydrofluoric acid ku fluorinate chloroform, mahiselo ya reaction ya le henhla ka 65oC, ya tirhisa antimony pentachloride tani hi catalyst, naswona ekuheteleleni yi tirhisa thermal cracking ku humelerisa tetrafluoroethylene.
Aokai yi endliwa hiku tirhisa suspension polymerization kumbe emulsion polymerization.
Ku lulamisiwa ka monomer tetrafluoroethylene .
Hi tlhelo ra ti indasitiri, chloroform yitirhisiwa tani hi raw material, anhydrous hydrofluoric acid yitirhisiwa ku fluorinate chloroform, mahiselo ya reaction ya le henhla ka 65oC, antimony pentachloride yitirhisiwa tani hi catalyst, naswona ekuheteleleni tetrafluoroethylene yihumelerisiwa hiku pandzeka ka mahiselo. Tetrafluoroethylene yinga tlhela yi endliwa hiku cinca cinca zinc na tetrafluorodichloroethane eka mahiselo yale henhla.
Ku lulamisiwa ka polytetrafluoroethylene .
Eka enamel kumbe stainless steel polymerization kettle, mati ya tirhisiwa tani hi xitirhisiwa xale xikarhi, potassium persulfate ya tirhisiwa tani hi xisunguri, munyu wa perfluorocarboxylic acid ammonium wutirhisiwa tani hi xihangalasi, fluorocarbon yitirhisiwa tani hi stabilizer, naswona tetrafluoroethylene i redox polymerized ku kuma polyethyle leyi nga na powethyle. Tetrafluoroethylene.
Engeta swiengeteri swohambana hambana eka kettle ya reaction, naswona tetrafluoroethylene monomer yi nghena eka kettle ya polymerization eka xiphemu xa gasi. Lulamisa mahiselo eka kettle kuya eka 25°C, kutani u chela nhlayo yokarhi ya activator (sodium metabisulfite) kuva u sungula polymerization hiku tirhisa redox system. Hi nkarhi wa maendlelo ya polymerization, ti monomers ti tshama ti cheriwa, naswona ntshikelelo wa polymerization wu hlayisiwa eka 0.49~0.78MPa. Ku hangalaka loku kumiwaka endzhaku ka polymerization ku cheriwa eka nhlayo yokarhi na mati, naswona mahiselo ya lulamisiwa kuya eka 15~20oC. Endzhaku ka nhlengeleto hiku hlanganisiwa ka michini, yi hlantswiwa hi mati kutani yi omisiwa, hi leswaku, xitirhisiwa lexi xikumeka tani hi fine granular resin.
Xana Teflon u hlayisekile?
Teflon coating hi yoxe yi hlayisekile: Teflon material hi yoxe a yi na chefu, a yi nge boli, naswona a yi nge vangi makhombo ya rihanyo. Leswi swi nga ha va swi vangiwa hileswi xivumbeko xa yona xa timolekhuli kahle-kahle xi nga nyawuli eka tikhemikhali ta xiviri, hi nga ha vuli ku gayeriwa ni ku tswongiwa hi miri wa munhu.
Dyondza swo tala hi vuhlayiseki bya Teflon .
Xana PTFE yi tirhisiwa yini .
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Swihlawulekisi swo hlawuleka swa PTFE swi endla leswaku yi tirhisiwa ngopfu eka matirhelo ya tiindasitiri na le lwandle ku fana na indasitiri ya tikhemikhali, petroliyamu, swiambalo, swakudya, ku endla maphepha, mirhi, switirhisiwa swa elektroniki na michini.
Ku tirhisiwa ka polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) eka swilo swo lwisana na ku bola:
Hikwalaho ka swihoxo eka ku lwisana na ku bola ka rhaba, nghilazi, swihlanganisi swa nsimbi na switirhisiwa swin’wana, swa tika ku hlangana na ndzhawu yo tika laha mahiselo, ntshikelelo na switirhisiwa swa tikhemikhali swi hanyaka swin’we, naswona ku lahlekeriwa loku vangiwaka hi swona swi chavisa swinene. Loko switirhisiwa swa PTFE swiri na ku tiya ka kahle swinene ka corrosion, polytetrafluoroethylene yitirhisa switirhisiwa leswikulu leswinga lwisaniki na corrosion eka petroleum, ti khemikhali, textile na ti indasitiri tin’wana.
Switirhisiwa swokarhi swikatsa: tiphayiphi to rhumela, tiphayiphi to humesa moya, tiphayiphi ta musi to fambisa tigasi leti onhaka, tiphayiphi ta oyili ta ntshikelelo wale henhla ta swigayo swo rhendzeleka, tiphayiphi ta le henhla, ta ntshikelelo wa le xikarhi na wa le hansi eka tisisiteme ta hayidiroliki ta swihahampfhuka na tisisiteme ta vuhangalasi bya mati yo titimela, swihondzo swa distillation, swicincana swo hisa, ti kettles, swihondzo na mathangi. Ku tirha ka switirhisiwa swa switirhisiwa swa tikhemikhali swofana na ti linings nati valve swina nkucetelo lowukulu eka vukorhokeri na matirhelo ya muchini hinkwawo na switirhisiwa. PTFE material yina swihlawulekisi swa corrosion resistance, aging resistance, low friction coefficient xikan’we na non-stickiness, wide temperature range, na elasticity ya kahle, leswi endlaka leswaku yifaneleka swinene eka vumaki bya ti seals letingana swilaveko swale henhla swa corrosion resistance xikan’we na mahiselo yo tirha yale henhla ka 100°. Ku fana na ti seal ta ti grooved flanges ta michini, ti heat exchangers, ti high-pressure vessels, ti large-diameter vessels, valves, na ti pompo, ti seals ta ti pots ta glass reaction, flanges leti nga flat, ti flanges ta diameter leyikulu, ti shafts, ti piston rods, ti valve rods, ti worm gear pumps, tie rod seals, etc.
2.Matirhelo ya le hansi ya friction ya polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ya tirhisiwa eka switirhisiwa swa ndzhwalo.
Swiphemu swa friction swa switirhisiwa swin’wana aswi ringanelanga ku cheriwa mafurha, kufana na le ka swiyimo laha ku cheriwa ka mafurha yo tola swita n’oka hi swin’wetsin’wetsi naswona switava swiri na vuyelo, kumbe eka ku endla maphepha, mirhi, swakudya, swiambalo, na swin’wana na swin’wana Switirhisiwa eka nsimu ya ti indasitiri swilava ku papalata ku thyakisa ka oyili, leswi endlaka leswaku swiphemu swa PTFE leswi tatiweke swiva switirhisiwa leswinene ngopfu swa switirhisiwa leswinga pfumaliki mafurha (switirhisiwa swo chela mafurha leswinga kongomangiki (switirhisiwa swa michini leswi kongomeke) swa switirhisiwa swa michini leswi kongomeke (switirhisiwa swa michini leswi kongomeke) swa switirhisiwa leswi kongomeke swa michini) eka switirhisiwa swa michini leswi kongomisiweke hi leswi a swiri na switirhisiwa swo kongoma swa michini (switirhisiwa swa michini leswi nga na swilo swo tala) swa switirhisiwa swa michini leswi nga kongomangiki (switirhisiwa swo chela swikowa leswi kongomeke swa mimea) swa switirhisiwa leswi kongomeke swa michini) swa switirhisiwa swa michini leswi a swi kongomisiwile eka switirhisiwa leswi kongomeke swa michini) swa switirhisiwa swa michini leswi a swiri na swilo leswi kongomeke (switirhisiwa swa switirhisiwa swa michini leswi a swi tatiwa hi ndlela yo kongoma) (switirhisiwa leswi a swiri na swilo leswi kongomeke swa mimea) swa switirhisiwa swa michini leswi a swiri na swilo swoka swinga pfangani. Leswi swivangiwa hikuva friction coefficient ya xitirhisiwa lexi yiva yale hansi swinene eka switirhisiwa swo tiya leswi tivekaka. Matirhiselo ya yona yo hlawuleka ma katsa tibeari ta switirhisiwa swa tikhemikhali, michini yo endla maphepha ni michini ya vurimi, tanihi swirhendzevutana swa piston, swiporo swa switirho swo kongomisa switirhisiwa swa michini ni swirhendzevutana swo kongomisa. Ti tirhisiwa ngopfu eka tiphurojeke ta ku aka ta vaaki tanihi swilayidi swa nseketelo swa mabuloho, swivumbeko swa nsimbi ya mugodi swi trussa swirhabyana swa le henhla, tiphayiphi letikulu ta tikhemikhali, na mathangi yo hlayisa. tibloko, xikan’we na ku tirhisiwa tani hi swiseketelo swa buloho na swirhendzevutani swa buloho, na swin’wana.
3.Switirhisiwa swa polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) eka switirhisiwa swa elektroniki na swa gezi.
Ku lahlekeriwa ka le hansi ka ntumbuluko na dielectric constant leyintsongo ya switirhisiwa swa PTFE swi endla leswaku swi endliwa eka ti wire leti endliweke hi enameled ku tirhisiwa eka ti micro motors, ti thermocouples, switirhisiwa swo lawula, na swin’wana, PTFE electrical insulation film I xitirhisiwa xa kahle xo pfalela ku endla ti capacitors, radio insulating liners, insulated cables, motors na transformers. Nakambe i xin’wana xa switirhisiwa leswi nga pfuniki nchumu eka swiphemu swa elektroniki swa tiindasitiri swo fana na swa le mpfhukeni na swa le mpfhukeni. Ku tirhisiwa ka tifilimi ta plastiki ta fluorine swina ku nghenelela lokukulu eka oxygen xikan’we naku nghenelela lokukulu eka mpfula ya mati. Ku nghenelela loku ko hlawula ka ku nghenelela lokuntsongo kunga tirhisiwa ku endla switwi swa okisijini. Swihlawulekisi swa ti fluoroplastics leti vangaka polar charge deviation ehansi ka mahiselo yale henhla na ntshikelelo wale henhla swinga tirhisiwa ku endla ti microphone, swipikara, swiphemu eka ti robots, na swin’wana, naswona refraction yale hansi yinga tirhisiwa. Swihlawulekisi swa vukorhokeri bya le henhla swi nga endla ti fibre ta optical.
4.Ku tirhisiwa ka polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) eka vutshunguri bya swa vutshunguri.
Nchumu lowu andlariweke wa PTFE awu tirhi ntsena naswona wuna ku cinca cinca ka biological loku tiyeke swinene. A swi nge vangi ku ala hi miri naswona a swi na switandzhaku swa physiological eka miri wa munhu. Yi nga sterilized hi ndlela yihi na yihi. Xivumbeko xa yona xa microporous xi pfumelela ku tirhisiwa eka swintshuxo swo hambana swa ku vuyisa, ku katsa na misiha ya ngati yo endliwa na swiphemu swa ku pfuxetiwa ka tinyama to olova na ku rhungiwile hi vuhandzuri eka vuhandzuri bya misiha, bya mbilu, bya ku angarhela na bya marhambu.
5.Ku tirhisiwa ka swivumbeko swa anti-stick swa polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
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PTFE material yina surface tension leyintsongo swinene exikarhi ka switirhisiwa swo tiya naswona ayi landzeleli nchumu wihi na wihi. Yitlhela yiva na swihlawulekisi swaku lwisana na mahiselo yale henhla na mahiselo yale hansi xikan’we naku pfumaleka ka ti khemikhali, leswi endlaka leswaku yifaneleka eka switirhisiwa swofana na vumaki. Ti pan letinga namarheti titirhisiwa ngopfu eka switirhisiwa swo lwisana na nhonga. Endlelo ro lwisana na ku namarhela ngopfu-ngopfu ri katsa tinxaka timbirhi: ku nghenisa phepha ra PTFE eka substrate na ku veka . PTFE coating kumbe varnish leyi hlanganisiweke na nghilazi eka substrate hiku tirhisa kuhunguteka ka kuhisa.
Dyondza swo tala hi swifunengeto swa PTFE .
Hambi leswi switirhisiwa swa PTFE swa ha ri na xiphiqo xa ku tika ka le henhla eka ku welda, hi ku yisa emahlweni thekinoloji, tindlela letintshwa ta ku hlanganisa ku nga ri khale ti ta tlhantlha tinhla ta ku vava ta PTFE na ku tirhisa PTFE eka tindhawu to hambana-hambana.
