Xana PTFE(Polytetrafluoroethylene) I Yini?

Ku langutiwa: 0 Mutsari: Muhleri wa Sayiti Nkarhi wo kandziyisa: 2023-11-10 Masungulo: Ndhawu

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) i polymer ya khaboni na fluorine. Nchumu lowu wu ni vito leri tolovelekeke swinene: Teflon.

Swihlawulekisi swa PTFE swi katsa:

Swihlawulekisi swa kahle swa michini (<1%) .
Ku nga tirhi ka tikhemikhali ku lwisana na ku bola
Ku lwisana na ku hisa
Ti coefficients tale hansi swinene ta friction
Non stick properties(yi tiyisela mahiselo yale henhla lawa ya yaka emahlweni ya 500°f (260°c))
Ku lwisana na ku ambala
Nhlayo ya le henhla ya ku n’oka

Swihlawulekisi swa kahle swinene swa PTFE swinyika switirhisiwa swohambana hambana, naswona yitala kutirhisiwa tani hi non-stick coating eka switirhisiwa swo sweka. Ku tiya ka PTFE ku antswa ka ku ambala swi pfumelela ku hlanganisiwa na switirhisiwa swohambana hambana hiku tirhisa emulsion polymerization kumbe suspension polymerization processing kuva yi vumba switirhisiwa swale henhla swa indasitiri leswinga tiyisela ku hisa leswingana swivumbeko swa kahle swa michini, kufana na wire insulation, food-grade conveyor belts, malapi yo olova lawa yanga namarheli, na swin’wana.

Xana PTFE I Yini?

Polytetrafluoroethylene yi tshuburiwile hi 1938. Ekusunguleni yi tshuburiwile hi mutivi wa tikhemikhali wa le Amerika Roy J. Plunkett (1910–1994) loko a ringeta ku endla xigwitsirisi lexintshwa xa carbon na fluorine compound. Vanhu hi nkarhi wolowo a va nga ta ehleketa hi xitirhisiwa lexi lexi tolovelekeke. Swihlohloteri leswi nga tolovelekangiki swi ta khumba xiphemu xin’wana ni xin’wana xa misava.

Hi 1941, DuPont yi kumile patent ya xitirhisiwa lexi kutani yi tsarisa mfungho wa bindzu ehansi ka vito ra 'Teflon' hi 1944.

Sweswi, polytetrafluoroethylene yitirhisiwile ngopfu eka tindzhawu totala ta vuhumelerisi na vutomi. Eka bindzu ra swakudya, switirhisiwa swo sweka leswi pfanganisiweke na PTFE swi tirhisiwa ngopfu; eka indasitiri ya swiambalo, swiambalo swale henhla leswinga titimelaka kusuka eka ti brand tofana na HELIKON na Carinthia hinkwaswo switirhisa PTFE tani hi coating kumbe outer layer. , leswaku ku fikeleriwa vuswikoti byo tiyisela xirhami lexikulu xa -30°C; eka nsimu ya masocha, switirhisiwa swa PTFE leswinga na ku lahlekeriwa ka le hansi, swivumbeko swa kahle swinene swa dielectric, ku tshamiseka lokunene, swivumbeko swa tikhemikhali leswi tiyeke, naswona kwalomu ka ku pfumaleka ka ku amukeriwa ka ndzhongho swi tirhisiwa ngopfu eka tiphaneleni ta radar ya frequency yale henhla ya radio. Eka swa vutshunguri, switirhisiwa swa PTFE na swona swi tirhisiwa ngopfu eka swirho swa miri leswi endliweke.

Xana PTFE Yi Yimela Yini?

PTFE yi yimela polytetrafluoroethylene, rito ra tikhemikhali ra polymer (C2F4)n.

Nchumu lowu hi ntolovelo wu kombetela eka branded ptfe synthetic fluoropolymer yin’wana na yin’wana. Swihlawulekisi leswikulu swa polytetrafluoroethylene hi leswi landzelaka:

Mahiselo yale henhla ya ntirho (°F /°C): 500/260
Ku tiya ka ku tsana loko ku tshoveka (PSI): 4,000
Xihlawulekisi xa dielectric (kV/mil): 3.7
Xiringaniso: 2.16
Ku leha hi nkarhi wo wisa: 350% .
Shore D Ku tiya: 54

ptfe polytetrafluoroethylene synthetic fluoropolymer leyi tirhisiwaka ngopfu leyingana swihlawulekisi leswinga laha henhla se yina ti brands to hlaya, ti brands letikulu hi leti landzelaka:

TEFLON®: Tikhemikhali
FLUON®: Xiyenge xa AGC Ltd
DYNEON®: 3M
POLYFLON: Khamphani ya Tiindasitiri ya Daikin, Ltd.
ALGOFLON: Xiyenge xa Solvay Ltd.

Xivumbeko xa Tikhemikhali xa PTFE

Polytetrafluoroethylene i linear polymer leyi vumbiweke hi ti athomo ta khaboni (C) na fluorine (F), leyi nga na fomula ya tikhemikhali (C2F4)n, laha n ku nga nhlayo ya tiyuniti ta monomer.

Xivumbeko xa PTFE xi nga kombisiwa tanihi: -CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2- .

Nxaxamelo wo leha wa timolekhuli ta PTFE wu endliwe hi tiatomo ta khaboni, leti yin’wana ni yin’wana ya tona yi hlanganisiweke ni tiatomo timbirhi ta fluorine.

Tiatomo ta fluorine ti lava ku funengeta vuandlalo bya tiatomo ta khaboni ta spiral polymer chain. Ti athomo ta khaboni ti vumba nxaxamelo lowukulu wa nxaxamelo wa polymer. Tiatomo ta fluorine ti endla xivumbeko lexi fanaka ni xitlhangu lexi rhendzeleke tiatomo ta khaboni, lexi sirhelelaka kahle tiatomo ta khaboni ta le ndzeni.

Lunghiselelo leri ro hlawuleka ra tiatomo ri nyika PTFE swivumbeko swa yona swo hlawuleka. Xivumbeko lexi xa molekhuli xi hoxa xandla eka swivumbeko swa PTFE leswi nga ringanisiwiki na nchumu swa nyama na tikhemikhali.

Xana Xitirhisiwa Xa Teflon I Yini?

Teflon i fluoropolymer ya thermoplastic, naswona xihlamusela-marito xa Teflon i PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene).

Teflon i mfungho wa bindzu wa Chemours, hambiswiritano, PTFE yinga tlhela yi xaviwa eka tikhamphani tin’wana handle ka Chemours.

Teflon i nchumu lowu dumeke hikokwalaho ka friction yale hansi, ku tiya ka mahiselo yale henhla, xikan’we naku lwisana na ti khemikhali.

Xana Teflon i PTFE

I ntiyiso, Teflon i polymer material leyi polymerized kusuka eka tetrafluoroethylene naswona i muxaka wa perfluorinated material. Vito ra yona ra tikhemikhali i polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

Xivumbeko xa tikhemikhali ta teflon xi hlawulekile swinene. Xivumbeko xa molekhuli hileswaku F (ti athomo ta fluorine) yi siva H hinkwayo (tiatomo ta hayidirojeni) eka ketane ya C. Hi nkarhi lowu fanaka, hikuva radius ya athomo ya fluorine yikulu swinene ku tlula radius ya athomo ya khaboni, ku tlheriseriwa exikarhi ka tiatomo i kukulu swinene, hikwalaho a swi nge Ku fana na tiatomo ta hayidirojeni, ti nga hleriwa eka xihahampfhuka, xisweswo tiatomo ta fluorine ti lava ku rhendzeleka ku ya ehenhla ku phutsela tiatomo ta khaboni, leswaku misava ya le handle yi ta hlangana ntsena na tiatomo ta fluorine leti nga tirhiki ngopfu.

Hi xisirhelelo xo tiya xa athomo ya fluorine, xivumbeko xa Teflon polymer xi tshamisekile swinene loko xi pimanisiwa na switirhisiwa swin’wana.

Swihlawulekisi swa Teflon

PTFE i polymer leyi polymerized kusuka eka tetrafluoroethylene monomer. I wax leyi vonakaka kumbe leyi nga vonakiki leyi fanaka na PE. Ku tsindziyela ka yona i 2.2g/cm3 naswona mpimo wa yona wo tswonga mati wule hansi ka 0.01%.

Xivumbeko xa tikhemikhali ta PTFE polymer xifana na xa PE, handle ka leswaku ti athomo hinkwato ta hydrogen eka polyethylene ti siviwa hi ti athomo ta fluorine. Hikwalaho ka matimba yale henhla ya bond xikan’we na matirhelo yo tiya ya CF bond, yina ku tiya ka kahle swinene ka ti khemikhali naswona yikota ku tiyisela ti acid hinkwato to tiya (kukatsa na aqua regia) handle ka tinsimbi ta alkali leti n’okiweke, oxidizing media, na sodium hydroxide yale henhla ka 300°C. Kukatsa na mbuyelo wa ti oxidants to tiya, ti reducing agents na ti organic solvents to hambana hambana.

Athomo ya F eka molekhuli ya PTFE yi na symmetrical, naswona swiaki swimbirhi eka CF bond swi hlanganisiwile hi covalent. A ku na tielektroni leti ntshunxekeke eka molekhuli, leswi endlaka leswaku molekhuli hinkwayo yi nga vi na matimba. Hikokwalaho, yina swivumbeko swa kahle swinene swa dielectric, naswona ku pfaleriwa ka yona ka gezi aswi khumbeki hi The influence of environment and frequency.

Teflon Swihlawulekisi swa Miri

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Volume resistivity ya yona yikulu kutlula 1017, ku lahlekeriwa ka yona ka dielectric i kutsongo, breakdown voltage ya yona yile henhla, arc resistance ya yona yikahle, naswona yinga tirha eka ndzhawu ya gezi ya 250°C. Hikuva akuri hava ti hydrogen bonds eka xivumbeko xa molecular xa PTFE, xivumbeko xa symmetrical, hikokwalaho ka crystallization ya yona Digiri ya crystallization yile henhla swinene (hi ntolovelo crystallinity i 55%~75%, minkarhi yin’wana yile henhla kufika eka 94%), leswi endlaka leswaku PTFE yikota ku hisa swinene. Mahiselo ya yona yo n’oka i 324C, mahiselo ya yona yo bola i 415°C, naswona mahiselo ya yona yale henhla yaku tirhisiwa i 250°C. Yi brittle Mahiselo ya kona i -190°C, naswona mahiselo ya ku soholotiwa ka kuhisa (ehansi ka swiyimo swa 0.46MPa) i 120C.

Teflon material yina swivumbeko swa kahle swa michini. Matimba ya yona ya tensile i 21 ~ 28MPa, matimba yo gombonyoka i 11 ~ 14MPa, elongation i 250% ~ 300%, naswona dynamic na static friction coefficients ya yona eka nsimbi hivumbirhi bya yona i 0.04, leswi antswaka ku tlula nylon, polyformaldehyde, na polyethylene. Coefficient ya friction ya tipulasitiki to kufumela i yitsongo.

Pure PTFE yina matimba yale hansi, ku tiya ka ku ambala lokunga kahle xikan’we naku tiya ka creep lokunga kahle. Hi ntolovelo swa laveka ku engetela swiphemu swin’wana leswinga riki swa ntumbuluko eka PTFE polymer, kufana na graphite, ntlawa wa disulfide, aluminium oxide, glass fibre, carbon fiber, na swin’wana ku antswisa swivumbeko swa yona swa michini. , naswona yinga tlhela yi ndlandlamuxiwa hiku tirhisana na ti polymers tin’wana tofana na polyphenylase (PHB), polyphenylene sulfide (PFS), polyethylene glycol (PEEK), polyethylene/propylene copolymer (PFEP), na swin’wana na swin’wana.

Teflon Yi Endliwa Njhani

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Endlelo ro endla ritirhisa chloroform tani hi raw material, ritirhisa anhydrous hydrofluoric acid kuva fluorinate chloroform, mahiselo ya reaction yale henhla ka 65oC, ritirhisa antimony pentachloride tani hi catalyst, naswona ekuheteleleni ritirhisa thermal cracking kuva ku humelerisa tetrafluoroethylene.

Aokai yi endliwa hiku tirhisa suspension polymerization kumbe emulsion polymerization.

Ku lulamisiwa ka monomer tetrafluoroethylene

Eka ti indasitiri, chloroform yitirhisiwa tani hi raw material, anhydrous hydrofluoric acid yitirhisiwa ku fluorine chloroform, mahiselo ya reaction yale henhla ka 65oC, antimony pentachloride yitirhisiwa tani hi catalyst, naswona ekuheteleleni tetrafluoroethylene yi endliwa hiku phatluka hi mahiselo. Tetrafluoroethylene yinga tlhela yi endliwa hiku tirhisa zinc na tetrafluorodichloroethane eka mahiselo yale henhla.

Ku lulamisiwa ka polytetrafluoroethylene

Eka ketile ya polymerization ya enamel kumbe stainless steel, mati ya tirhisiwa tani hi medium, potassium persulfate yitirhisiwa tani hi initiator, perfluorocarboxylic acid ammonium salt yitirhisiwa tani hi dispersant, fluorocarbon yitirhisiwa tani hi stabilizer, naswona tetrafluoroethylene yi redox polymerized kuva yikuma polyethylene ya powder ya kahle. Tetrafluoroethylene ya xirhendzevutani.

Engeta swiengeteri swohambana hambana eka ketile ya reaction, naswona tetrafluoroethylene monomer yi nghena eka kettle ya polymerization eka xiphemu xa gasi. Lulamisa mahiselo eka kettle kuya eka 25°C, kutani u chela nhlayo yokarhi ya activator (sodium metabisulfite) kuva u sungula polymerization hiku tirhisa redox system. Hi nkarhi wa maendlelo ya polymerization, ti monomers ti ya emahlweni ti cheriwa, naswona ntshikelelo wa polymerization wu hlayisiwa eka 0.49~0.78MPa. Ku hangalaka loku kumiwaka endzhaku ka polymerization ku cheriwa eka nhlayo yokarhi hi mati, naswona mahiselo ya lulamisiwa kuya eka 15~20oC. Endzhaku ko hlengeletiwa hiku hlanganisiwa hi michini, yi hlantswiwa hi mati kutani yi omisiwa, leswivulaka leswaku, Xiendliwa lexi xikumeka tani hi fine granular resin.

Xana Teflon Yi Hlayisekile?

Ku peta hi teflon hi koxe swi hlayisekile: Nchumu wa teflon hi woxe a wu na chefu, a wu nge boli naswona a wu nge vangi makhombo ya rihanyo. Leswi swi nga ha endleka swi vangiwa hileswi xivumbeko xa yona xa timolekhuli kahle-kahle a xi n’oki eka tikhemikhali ta xiviri, hi nga ha vuli ku gayeriwa ni ku tswongiwa hi miri wa munhu.

Dyondza swo tala hi vuhlayiseki bya Teflon

Xana PTFE Yi Tirhiseriwa Yini?

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Swihlawulekisi swo hlawuleka swa PTFE swi endla leswaku yi tirhisiwa ngopfu eka tiindasitiri na matirhelo ya le lwandle ku fana na indasitiri ya tikhemikhali, petroliyamu, swiambalo, swakudya, ku endla maphepha, mirhi, swa elektroniki na michini.

Ku tirhisiwa ka polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) eka swivumbeko swa anti-corrosion:

Hikwalaho ka swihoxo eka ku lwisana na ku bola ka rhaba, nghilazi, ti alloys ta nsimbi na swin’wana, swa tika ku hlangana na ndzhawu yo tika laha mahiselo, ntshikelelo na ti khemikhali swi hanyaka swin’we, naswona ku lahlekeriwa loku vangiwaka hi swona swa chavisa swinene. Loko switirhisiwa swa PTFE swiri na ku tiya ka kahle swinene eka ku bola, polytetrafluoroethylene yitirhisa switirhisiwa leswikulu leswinga tiyelangiki eka petroliyamu, tikhemikhali, swiambalo na ti indasitiri tin’wana.

Switirhisiwa swo karhi swi katsa: tiphayiphi to yisa, tiphayiphi to humesa moya, tiphayiphi ta mpfula to fambisa tigasi leti onhaka, tiphayiphi ta oyili ta ntshikelelo wa le henhla ta swigayo swo rhendzeleka, tiphayiphi ta ntshikelelo wa le henhla, wa le xikarhi na wa le hansi ta tisisiteme ta hayidiroliki ta swihahampfhuka na tisisiteme to kandziyisa hi xirhami, swihondzo swa distillation, swicincana swo hisa, tikethili, swihondzo na mathangi. Ku tirha ka swisirhelelo swa switirhisiwa swa tikhemikhali swofana na ti linings nati valve swina nkucetelo lowukulu eka vukorhokeri na matirhelo ya muchini hinkwawo na switirhisiwa. PTFE material yina swihlawulekisi swaku lwisana na corrosion, ku lwisana na ku dyuhala, friction coefficient yale hansi xikan’we naku nga namarheli, mahiselo yo anama, na elasticity ya kahle, leswi endlaka leswaku yifaneleka swinene eka ku endla ti seals letingana swilaveko swale henhla swa corrosion na mahiselo yo tirha yale henhla ka 100°. Kufana na swisirhelelo swa ti grooved flanges ta michini, ti heat exchangers, swibya swa ntshikelelo wale henhla, swibya leswikulu swa diameter, ti valve, na ti pompo, swisirhelelo swa ti glass reaction pots, ti flat flanges, ti flanges ta diameter leyikulu, ti shafts, ti piston rods, ti valve rods, ti Worm gear pumps, ti tie rod seals, na swin’wana.

2.Matirhelo ya friction yale hansi ya polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ya tirhisiwa eka switirhisiwa swa ndzhwalo.

Swiphemu swa friction swa switirhisiwa swin’wana aswi ringanelanga ku cheriwa mafurha, kufana na swiyimo laha mafurha yo tola yanga ta n’okisiwa hi swintshuxekisi naswona yanga tirhi, kumbe eka ku endla maphepha, mirhi, swakudya, swiambalo, na swin’wana na swin’wana Switirhisiwa eka nsimu ya ti indasitiri swilava ku papalata ku thyakisa oyili yo tola, leswi endlaka leswaku switirhisiwa swa PTFE leswi tatiweke swiva swilo leswinene swinene eka ku cheriwa lokunga riki na oyili (ndzhwalo wo kongoma bearing) ya swiphemu swa switirhisiwa swa michini. Leswi swivangiwa hikuva friction coefficient ya material leyi yile hansi swinene eka switirhisiwa swo tiya leswi tivekaka. Matirhiselo ya yona yo Hlawuleka ya katsa tibeyari ta switirhisiwa swa tikhemikhali, michini yo endla maphepha, na michini ya vurimi, tani hi swirhendzevutani swa piston, swiporo swo kongomisa switirhisiwa swa muchini, na swirhendzevutani swo kongomisa. Ti tirhisiwa ngopfu eka tiphurojeke to aka ta vaaki tanihi swilayidi swo seketela mabuloho, swisirhelelo swa le henhla swa xivumbeko xa nsimbi ya tithanele, tiphayiphi letikulu ta tikhemikhali, na mathangi yo hlayisa. Tibloko, xikan’we naku tirhisiwa tani hi swiseketelo swa buloho na swirhendzevutani swa buloho, na swin’wana.

3.Ku tirhisiwa ka polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) eka switirhisiwa swa elektroniki na gezi.

Ku lahlekeriwa ka le hansi ka ntumbuluko na dielectric constant leyintsongo ya switirhisiwa swa PTFE swi endla leswaku yi endliwa ti wire ta enameled ku tirhisiwa eka ti micro motors, thermocouples, switirhisiwa swo lawula, na swin’wana, PTFE electrical insulation film I xitirhisiwa xo pfalela lexinene xo endla ti capacitors, radio insulating liners, tikhebulu leti pfaleriweke, ti motors na ti transformers. Nakambe i xin’wana xa switirhisiwa leswi nga lavekiki eka swiphemu swa elektroniki swa tiindasitiri swo fana na swa swihahampfhuka na swa le mpfhukeni. Ku tirhisiwa ka tifilimi ta plastiki ta fluorine swina ku nghenelela lokukulu eka oxygen na ku nghenelela lokukulu eka mpfula ya mati. Ku nghenelela loku ko hlawula ka ku nghenelela lokuntsongo kunga tirhisiwa ku endla ti oxygen sensors. Swihlawulekisi swa fluoroplastic leswi vangaka ku hambuka ka polar charge ehansi ka mahiselo yale henhla na ntshikelelo wale henhla swinga tirhisiwa ku endla ti microphone, swipikara, swiphemu eka ti robots, na swin’wana, naswona refraction ya tona yale hansi yinga tirhisiwa. Swihlawulekisi swa vukorhokeri byale henhla swinga endla ti fibre ta optical.

4.Ku tirhisiwa ka polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) eka vutshunguri bya swa vutshunguri.

Nchumu lowu andlariweke wa PTFE i purely inert naswona wuna ku cinca cinca ka biological loku tiyeke swinene. A yi nge vangi ku ariwa hi miri naswona a yi na switandzhaku swa physiological emirini wa munhu. Yi nga sterilized hi ndlela yin’wana na yin’wana. Xivumbeko xa yona xa microporous xi pfumelela ku tirhisiwa eka swintshuxo swo hambana swa ku vuyisa, ku katsa na misiha ya ngati yo endliwa na swiphemu swa ku pfuxetiwa ka tinyama to olova na swirhumbana swa vuhandzuri eka vuhandzuri bya misiha, mbilu, hi ku angarhela na marhambu.

5.Ku tirhisiwa ka swivumbeko swa anti-stick swa polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

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PTFE material yina surface tension leyintsongo swinene exikarhi ka switirhisiwa leswi tiyeke naswona ayi namarheli eka nchumu wihi na wihi. Yitlhela yiva na swihlawulekisi swaku tiya ka mahiselo yale henhla nale hansi xikan’we naku tsandzeka ka ti khemikhali, leswi endlaka leswaku yifaneleka eka switirhisiwa swofana na vumaki. Ti pani letinga namarheli titirhisiwa ngopfu eka switirhisiwa swo lwisana naku namarhela. Endlelo ra anti-adhesive ngopfu ngopfu ri katsa tinxaka timbirhi: ku veka phepha ra PTFE eka substrate naku veka... PTFE coating kumbe varnish leyi hlanganisiweke na nghilazi eka substrate hiku tirhisa heat shrinkage.

Dyondza swo tala hi swifunengeto swa PTFE

Hambi leswi switirhisiwa swa PTFE swa ha ri na xiphiqo xa ku tika lokukulu eka ku welda, hi nhluvuko wa thekinoloji, tindlela tintshwa to hlanganisa ku nga ri khale ti ta tlhantlha tinhla to vava ta PTFE na ku tirhisa PTFE eka tinsimu to hambana hambana.