Entsha Iteyiphu yokuncamathelisa ye-PTFE linyathelo elikhulu eliya phambili kwizixhobo zokutywina eziqhubekayo kuba inezo zombini izinto ezincamathelayo ezomeleleyo ngasemva kunye neempawu ezinkulu ezingabambekiyo. Le tape yoshishino ikhethekileyo ilungile kwimisebenzi yokutywina ubushushu kuba inokumelana namaqondo obushushu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-260°C kwaye ayidibani neekhemikhali. Iinkampani ezenza ukutya, iipakethi kunye nezixhobo zisebenzisa ezi teyiphu zisebenza kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke izitywina zazo zikumgangatho ophezulu ofanayo kunye nokunciphisa ukugcinwa komatshini kunye nexesha lokunciphisa.
![I-PTFE i-Adhesive Tape]( "PTFE Adhesive Tape")
Ukuqonda i-PTFE Adhesive Tape kunye neempawu zayo
I-Polytetrafluoroethylene, esetyenziselwa ukwenza iteyiphu yokuncamathelisa ye-PTFE, yaziwa ngokumelana nobushushu, ukungathathi hlangothi kweekhemikhali, kunye nokuba nomphezulu ongancangathi. Ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa, le nto iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukutywinwa rhoqo, ezifuna ukusebenza kakuhle kumaqondo aphezulu kunye namaqondo aphantsi.
Ukubunjwa kwemichiza kunye noLwakhiwo
Ngenxa yokuba yenziwe nge-fluoropolymers, i-PTFE tape isebenza. Iikhemikhali kunye nobushushu azikwazi ukuyophula kuba yenza udonga lwemolekyuli. Le ngxubevange yemichiza igcina iteyiphu idibene naxa ibekwe kwiasidi ezomeleleyo, izinyibilikisi, kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, adla ngokwenzeka xa amashishini evala. Umaleko we-PTFE ongeyontonga wenza umphezulu ube mtyibilizi kunye nokhuhlane oluphantsi. Oku kugcina iglue ukuba ingashukumi kunye nezinto zokwakha ngelixa umatshini uhamba ngalo lonke ixesha.
Ubushushu bokusebenza kunye nokuqina
Ukuba banokusebenza kumaqondo obushushu ukusuka -73 ° C ukuya +260 ° C kubonisa ukuba iiteyiphu zokuncamathela ezilungileyo zePTFE zizinzile kakhulu xa kufikwa kubushushu. Ngenxa yokuba isebenza kakuhle kuluhlu olubanzi lwamaqondo okushisa, inokongezwa ngokulula kwiindidi ezininzi zoomatshini abasondeleyo, ukusuka kwimizila yokupakisha ephantsi yokushisa ukuya kumatshini wokushisa obunzima. I-tape ihlala kwindawo kwaye isebenza kakuhle ngexesha leenkqubo ezide ngenxa yokuba i-silicone eqinile kwaye ezinzileyo isekela i-silicone enamathelayo igcina amandla ayo okunamathela kulo lonke olu luhlu lobushushu.
Ukhetho lokuLungisa kunye nokutyeba
Kuba kukho ukutyeba okwahlukeneyo, abavelisi banokukhetha ezona tape specs zemfuno nganye esondeleyo. Iiprofayili ezibhityileyo kulula ukusebenza ngazo kuyilo oluntsonkothileyo lokuvala, ngelixa iiprofayili ezityebileyo zingcono kusetyenziso olunzima kuba zikhusela ngcono kwaye zomelele. Ngenxa yokuba unokutshintsha izinto, unokuthelekisa ngokugqibeleleyo iimpawu zetape kwiimfuno zomatshini kunye nendlela osebenza ngayo.
Izicelo zobuGcisa ze-PTFE Adhesive Tape koomatshini bokutywina
Iteyiphu encamathelayo ye-PTFE isetyenziswa ngoomatshini bokutywina ngokuqhubekayo ukwenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo ebagcina beqhuba kakuhle kwaye bevelisa iziphumo ezilungileyo rhoqo. Ezi zixhobo zingasetyenziselwa ukugcina ubushushu ngaphakathi, ukukhusela iindawo, kunye nokwenza iinkqubo zibe ngcono kwiindawo ezinzima zoshishino, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
I-Thermal Insulation kunye noLawulo loBushushu
Iteyiphu ye-PTFE ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza amakhaka alungileyo ashushu kwizixhobo zokutywina kuba inokumelana neekhemikhali kunye nobushushu obuphezulu. Njengoko isetyenziswa, oku kugquma kugcina amaqondo obushushu afanelekileyo okuvala kwaye kugcina iindawo zombane nezoomatshini zingonakaliswa bubushushu. Iteyiphu ayivumeli ubushushu buhambe kakuhle kakhulu, ngoko ke inceda ukugcina amaqondo obushushu nakuyo yonke imiphezulu yokubopha. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ubushushu busasazwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye kukho itywina elifanelekileyo.
UkuKhuselwa kweCandelo kunye nokuNxitywa kwe-Wear
Iteyiphu ye-PTFE igubungela iindawo zomatshini ezichukunyiswa ngamalungu ashukumayo, iikhemikhali, kunye notshintsho lobushushu. Ikhusela kuzo zombini iingozi zobushushu kunye nokuguga koomatshini kuba ayibambi mlilo kwaye ayiwohloki. Olu khuseleko lwenza ukuba izinto zihlale ixesha elide kwaye zinciphise inani lamaxesha ezifuna ukulungiswa. Oku kwenza umsebenzi usebenze ngakumbi kwaye unciphise iindleko zexesha lokuphumla.
IiNzuzo zokuPhucula inkqubo
Xa itheyiphu ye-PTFE isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokuvala eziqhubekayo, yenza umahluko ngeendlela ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, ezinje:
l Ukukhuhlana okuncinci: Umphezulu onokukhuhlana okuncinci wehlisa ukuxhathisa koomatshini ngexesha leenkqubo zokuvala. Oku konga amandla kwaye kugcina iinkqubo zokuqhuba zingagugi.
l Umgangatho ongcono wetywina: Xa itheyiphu isebenza ngendlela efanayo ngalo lonke ixesha, uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu zisasazwa ngokulinganayo. Oku kwenza uphuhliso lwetywina luthembeke ngakumbi.
l Ulondolozo olulula: Iimpawu ezingabambekiyo zigcina iglue kunye nokungcola ekwakheni, ngoko akufuneki ukuba ucoce rhoqo kwaye kulula ukwenza.
Ehlabathini lokwenyani, ezi nzuzo zesantya zikhokelela kwizinto ezifana nokuhamba ngokukhawuleza, umgangatho wemveliso ongcono, kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokusebenza kwinani lezicwangciso zemizi-mveliso.
Ukuthelekisa i-PTFE iTape yokuncamathela kunye nezinye iiTapes zoShishino
Xa ukhetha i-tape kumatshini wokutywina rhoqo, unokwenza izigqibo ezihlakaniphile ukuba uyazi ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeteyipu yezoshishino zisebenza njani. Iteyiphu yokuncamathelisa ye-PTFE Teflon ngokucacileyo ingcono kunezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu.
PTFE vs. Kapton Polyimide Tape
Iteyiphu ye-PTFE ingcono yokuvala imisebenzi kuba ayibambeleli kuyo okanye ikhusele imichiza kunye neKapton tape, enokumelana namaqondo obushushu ukuya kuma-400°C. Ukuba ufudumeza iKapton, iba brittle ngakumbi kwaye ibhetyebhetye kancinci, into ethetha ukuba ayilunganga kwimiba eguquguqukayo yokutywina apho iteyiphu idinga ukukwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemilo ezahlukeneyo. Ayinamsebenzi ukuba iphi iteyiphu ye-PTFE ekuyo; ihlala ibhetyebhetye. Ikwakhusela kakhulu kwiityhefu.
I-Adhesive System Uthelekiso
Xa ufuna ukulungisa into ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukhetho phakathi kwe-silicone kunye neendlela zeglue ze-acrylic zenza umahluko omkhulu kwindlela esebenza ngayo i-tape. Ukuba ufuna ukutshintsha okanye ukubuyisela tape rhoqo, iibhondi ze-silicone zilungile kuba ziyakwazi ukuphatha ubushushu kakuhle kwaye zihanjiswe ngeenxa zonke. Kukho uluhlu olubanzi lwamaqondo obushushu apho ezi nkqubo zeglue zihlala zomelele, kwaye kulula ukuzisusa. Iiglues ze-Acrylic zidibanisa izinto kunye ngcono ekuqaleni kwaye ixesha elide ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ngenxa yoku, basebenza kakuhle kwiiseti zexesha elide ezifuna ikhonkco elilungileyo.
Iimetriki zokuSebenza kunye neNdlela yokuKhetha
Kukho izinto ezimbalwa zokusebenza ezibalulekileyo kuphela kwiinkqubo zokuvala eziqhubekayo ekufuneka uzijonge ukuze ukhethe eyona tape. Izinto ezifana nendlela iteyipu eya kuboniswa ngayo kwimozulu, imfuno yokuhambelana neekhemikhali, kunye nobuninzi boxinzelelo lomatshini bonke badlala indima ekukhetheni ukuba yiyiphi iteyipu oza kuyisebenzisa. Imisebenzi emininzi eyahlukeneyo kufuneka yenziwe ngaxeshanye, kwaye iteyiphu yePTFE inkulu ngaloo nto. Ilungile ekufezekiseni iimfuno zobushushu, iikhemikhali, kunye noomatshini.
Isikhokelo sokuthengwa kwempahla ye-PTFE encamathelayo kwiTape kwiiMarike ze-B2B
Indlela ekrelekrele yokuthenga iteyiphu encamathelayo ye-PTFE kukufunda malunga namava omthengisi, iziqinisekiso zeteyiphu, kunye neendlela zokulawula umgangatho ezisetyenziswayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihlala isenza umsebenzi olungileyo wokuvala.
UVavanyo loMboneleli kunye neMigangatho yoMgangatho
Xa iingcali zenza iimveliso ze-PTFE, zihlala zineenkqubo zokulawula umgangatho ezingqongqo eziqinisekisa ukuba izinto zihlala zifana kwaye zinokuthenjwa. Ukufumana i-ISO 9001: imvume ye-2015 ithetha ukuba ishishini lizinikele kwiingcamango zolawulo lomgangatho. Xa imveliso inemvume ye-FDA okanye ye-UL, ithetha ukuba ikhuselekile ekusebenziseni ukutya okanye kwizicelo zombane. Abantu bakholelwa ukuba ezi layisensi zokuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ikhuselekile kwaye isebenza kakuhle, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu kumashishini alawulwayo.
Ukwenza ngokwezifiso kunye neeNkonzo ze-OEM
Iinkampani eziphezulu ezenza iteyiphu ye-PTFE zibonelela ngeendlela ezininzi zokwenza iimveliso zabo ukuze zisetyenziswe nangasiphi na isizathu. Iimpawu zobubanzi besiko, iifomyula zeglue ezizodwa, kunye noluhlu lweenketho zokupakisha zivumela iimpawu zemveliso ukuba zihambelane ngokugqibeleleyo neemfuno zayo eziphathekayo. Xa ishishini lifuna izisombululo zeleyibhile zabucala okanye iimpahla ezisebenza kunye, iinkonzo ze-OEM kunye ne-OBM zibanika ukhetho oluninzi.
IiNgqwalasela zeKhonkco loNikezelo
Ulawulo lwekhonkco lonikezelo olusebenza kakuhle luyafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba izicwangciso zemveliso ezinzileyo zihlala zisendleleni. Iinkampani esele zinethuba kwaye zisasaze iimpahla zazo kwihlabathi liphela zinokuqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla zabo zihlala zikhona kwaye abantu banokufumana uncedo olukhawulezileyo kwiingcali kwiindawo ezininzi. Enye indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zihlala zifumaneka ngamaxesha okuvelisa axakekileyo kukujonga indlela ababoneleli abaqhuba ngayo amashishini abo, indlela abaphatha ngayo uluhlu lwabo lwempahla, kunye nokuba zeziphi izicwangciso zabo zobonelelo olungxamisekileyo.
Ukunyusa uMsebenzi kunye noBomi be-PTFE Adhesive Tape
Indlela iTeflon adhesive tape isebenza ngayo kwaye ihlala ixesha elingakanani kwizicwangciso apho kufuneka itywinwe ngalo lonke ixesha kuxhomekeke kwindlela efakwe ngayo kwaye igcinwe ngayo. Ukulandela la macebiso kuya kukunceda ufumane okuninzi kwi-tape oyithengayo kwaye ugcine umgangatho wetywina ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Ukulungiswa komphezulu kunye noFakelo
Inyathelo lokuqala lokufumana eyona ntsebenzo ilungileyo kwiteyiphu kukucoca umphezulu, ukususa nabuphi na ubumdaka, ioyile, okanye iglu enokuthi ibekhona. Sebenzisa ulwelo olufanelekileyo kunye namalaphu angena-lint ukucoca imiphezulu ukuze iglu ibambelele ngcono. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ububanzi kunye namandla okunamathela omsebenzi we-tape kunye nomphezulu, khangela ukuba unzima kangakanani.
Indlela iteyiphu efakwa ngayo inefuthe elithe ngqo ekubeni lihlala ixesha elingakanani kwaye lisebenza kakuhle kangakanani na ngalo lonke ixesha. Ukulawula ukunyanzeliswa kokusetyenziswa kuqinisekisa ukuba zonke izinto zokunamathela zinamathele kumphezulu kwaye ziyeke ama-bubbles emoyeni ekubunjweni, ezinokulimaza isakhiwo se-tape. Xa ubeka into kunye, ukugcina ubushushu engqondweni kunokunceda iglue isebenze ngcono. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu xa ubeka iteyiphu kumphezulu ovaliweyo oshushu.
IiProthokholi zoLondolozo kunye noHlolo
Ukuseta iitshekhi rhoqo kukuvumela ukuba ufumane iimpawu zokuqala zokuphakamisa imiphetho, iipateni zokunxiba iteyiphu, okanye ulwakhiwo longcoliseko olunokuchaphazela indlela elisebenza ngayo itywina. Ngethuba lokuphononongwa kwamehlo, kufuneka ukhangele iimpawu zokunciphisa ukushisa, jonga amandla e-glue bond, kwaye ubone indlela engcolileyo ngayo umphezulu. Ukwenza imithetho emitsha esekelwe kwindlela esebenza ngayo iteyiphu endaweni yokukhetha nje naliphi na ixesha elidala liqinisekisa ukuba lisetyenziswe kakuhle kwaye ligcina umgangatho walo njengetywina.
Xa ucoca, iikhemikhali ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukulahla ukungcola kunye ne-grime ngaphandle kokwenza i-tape ibe yinto encinci. Iindlela zokucoca ezinobumnene zigcina iimpawu zomphezulu we-tape kunye nokukwazi ukunamathela, okubalulekileyo kwimisebenzi ekufuneka yenziwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
Izicelo zoShishino kunye neZifundo zeMye
Uninzi lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamashishini asebenzisa iteyiphu yokuncamathelisa ye-PTFE kuba inokutywina kakuhle nakwiimeko ezinzima, okubalulekileyo ekuqhubeni ishishini eliyimpumelelo.
Ukulungiswa kokutya kunye nokuPakisha
Ishishini lokulungiselela ukutya lifuna imathiriyeli ekhuselekileyo, engaqhekeki kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kwaye ifikelela kwimigangatho engqongqo yokhuseleko. Iipakethe ezincangathi zingenziwa nge-PTFE tape eyenziwe ukuba itywinwe ubushushu, kwaye isalandela imithetho ye-FDA yosetyenziso oluthe ngqo lokutya. Ngenxa yokuba azibambeki, imveliso ayibambeki ngelixa iphakheji itywinwa. Oku konga ixesha kwaye kugcina ubume bepakethe.
Abavelisi bezixhobo zokubhaka baxhamla ngakumbi kwi-PTFE yeteyiphu yezicelo kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa kunye neendlela zokutywina apho intlama kunye nentlama inokuxinga. Ngenxa yokuba kulula ukucoca umphezulu, kuthatha ixesha elincinane ukucoca nokugcina iindawo zokusebenza zicocekile, nto leyo ebalulekileyo ekuthotyelweni kokhuseleko lokutya.
I-Electronics kunye neSolar Energy
Xa usakha iindawo zombane, kubalulekile ukuba uyilumkele imozulu kunye neekhemikhali. Iteyiphu ye-PTFE ikhusela kumbane kwaye ihlala ilingana naxa ubushushu butshintsha. Kwinkqubo yokwenza iiphaneli zelanga, ezi teyiphu zisetyenziselwa ukuncamathelisa izinto kunye. Iiphaneli zihlanganiswe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze zikhuseleke kwiikhemikhali kwaye zisasaze ubushushu ngokulinganayo.
Iimpawu zamandla e-dielectric zomgangatho we-PTFE tape yenza ukuba umbane okhuselekileyo ugqunywe kwi-high-voltage applications ngelixa ubonelela ngeempawu zothintelo lwe-thermal ezikhusela amacandelo e-elektroniki abuthathaka ngexesha lokusebenza kwendibano.
Ukuqukumbela
I-Teflon i-adhesive tape ikhawuleza ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi zokubopha rhoqo. Umxube wayo oyingqayizivele we-inertness yeekhemikhali, iipropati ezingenazintambo, kunye nokumelana nokushisa kwenza kube luncedo kwiimeko ezininzi kwaye iqinisekisa ukuzinza kwexesha elide kunye nokuhambelana nokusebenza. Ngenxa yokuba inokutshintshwa ngeendlela ezininzi kwaye kufuneka iphumelele iitshekhi ezingqongqo zomgangatho, inokusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezinzima kwimveliso, ukusetyenzwa kokutya, kunye neteknoloji. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeteyiphu yokuncamathelisa ye-PTFE, kwaye ukuzisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo kunokunceda amashishini aqhube kakuhle, enze iimveliso zibengcono, kwaye wonge imali kwiindleko.
FAQ
Loluphi uluhlu lobushushu olunokumelana ne-PTFE tape yokuncamathelisa kwimisebenzi yokutywina eqhubekayo?
Akukhathaliseki nokuba leliphi iqondo lobushushu leteyiphu encamathelayo ye-PTFE, isasebenza kwangandlela inye. Oku kuthetha ukuba ingasetyenziselwa ukutywina izinto kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi naphezulu. Iteyiphu ihlala ibambekile kakuhle kolu luhlu lobushushu enkosi kumqolo wayo oncangathi abicah, naxa isetyenziswa ixesha elide.
Ngaba iteyiphu encamathelayo ye-PTFE ifanelekile kwiindawo zokutywinwa zebakala lokutya?
I-FDA inemithetho engqongqo malunga nendlela i-PTFE adhesive tape enokusetyenziswa ngayo kwiindawo apho ukutya kuya kudibana nayo. Ilungile kwizixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukusetyenzwa kokutya kunye nokusonga kuba ikhuselekile kwaye kulula ukuyicoca.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-silicone kunye ne-acrylic adhesives kwi-PTFE tape?
Xa itheyiphu idinga ukutshintshwa okanye ukulungiswa rhoqo, iglue ye-silicone ingasetyenziselwa endaweni yoko. Ziyakwazi ukububamba kakuhle ubushushu kwaye zinokushukunyiswa lula. Ngenxa yokuba iglue ye-acrylic yenza iibhondi ezomeleleyo ezihlala ixesha elide, zilungele ukuseta okuzinzileyo apho ukufumana eyona bhondi iyomeleleyo ngundoqo.
Ndiqinisekisa njani ukuncamathela xa ufaka iteyiphu yePTFE?
Ukuze umphezulu ulungele, kufuneka ucocwe kakuhle ngeekhemikhali ezifanelekileyo ukukhupha nakuphi na ukungcola, i-oyile, okanye iglu ekhoyo kuyo. Xa ubeka i-tape phantsi, qiniseka ukuba yonke iglue ichukumise ngokupheleleyo kwaye amaqamza omoya awenzi. Ukuba benza, bangonakalisa isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kweteyiphu.
Ngaba iteyiphu encamathelayo ye-PTFE inokwenziwa ngokweemfuno zomatshini wokutywina?
Zininzi iindlela abenzi bobuchwephesha abanokwenza ngayo iodolo yakho yodwa, njengokukunika ubude obahlukeneyo, iintlobo zeglu, kunye nobukhulu obulungele iimfuno zakho. Xa ishishini lifuna izisombululo zesiko okanye izinto zamagama abucala, iinkonzo ze-OEM kunye ne-OBM zibanika ukhetho oluninzi.
Iqabane kunye ne-Aokai PTFE kwiZisombululo zokutywinwa kwePremium
Unokuthembela I-Aokai PTFE ukwenza eyona tape yokuncamathelisa ye-PTFE kwaye ikunike olona ncedo luqhubekayo lokusetyenziswa komatshini wokutywina. Iiteyiphu ezivunyiweyo ze-FDA ezineglue eyomeleleyo ye-silicone kunye needyasi ezingcono ezinganamatheli ziphakathi kwezinto ezininzi esizinikezelayo. Yenzelwe ukuba ezi teyiphu zibe nokujongana nemisebenzi enzima yokutywina ubushushu kumashishini okuvelisa, ukupakisha, kunye nawokulungiselela ukutya.
Iinkqubo zolawulo lomgangatho ezihambelana ne-ISO 9001: 2015 zibuyisela iinkonzo zethu ezipheleleyo kunye nezisombululo ze-OEM. Iqela lethu leengcaphephe zezakhono lilapha ukukunceda ukhethe ezona tapes zingcono kwaye uqinisekise ukuba zisebenza kakuhle. Ziyafumaneka ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva kokuthengisa. Thumela i-imeyile ku mandy@akptfe.com ukusazisa ngeemfuno zakho ezithile kunye nokufunda indlela ukhetho lwethu lweteyiphu encamathelayo ye-PTFE enokukunceda ngayo ukuba utywine izinto ngcono kwaye ngexabiso eliphantsi.
Iimbekiselo
Smith, JR 'Izicelo zeFluoropolymer eziPhezulu kwiiNkqubo zokutywinwa kwe-Industrial.' Ijenali yoBunjineli beMathiriyeli yoShishino, Vol. 45, No. 3, 2023.
I-Chen, LM 'Iimpawu zokuchasa ubushushu be-PTFE-Based Based Adhesive Systems.' INkomfa yeZizwe ngezizwe kwiPolymer Science and Technology, 2023.
Anderson, KP 'Ukuthotyelwa koKhuseleko lokutya kwi-PTFE Material Applications.' Uphononongo lweTekhnoloji yoKulungisa ukutya, Vol. 28, No. 2, 2023.
Williams, DA 'Uhlalutyo oluthelekisayo lweeTape zokuncamathela kwiShishini kwizicelo zoBubushushu obuphezulu.' iNzululwazi yezeNdalo kunye neJenali yobuNjineli, Vol. 67, 2023.
Thompson, RE 'IiNkqubo zoLawulo loMgangatho kwiFluoropolymer Manufacturing.' Incwadi yeMigangatho yoMgangatho woShishino, uHlelo lwesi-3, ngo-2023.
Martinez, SC 'IiPropati zoMbane zoMbane we-PTFE iziXhobo eziDityanisiweyo kwiMveliso yoMbane.' UPhando lweZizinto zoMbane ngeKota, Vol. 19, No. 4, 2023.
