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Yini i-PTFE (polytetrafluoroethlelene)?

Ukubukwa: 0 Umbhali: Isikhathi Sokushicilela Sokushicilela: 2023-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-1 Isizango

Buza

I-Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) iyikhabhoni ne-fluorine polymer. Lokhu okuqukethwe kunegama elijwayelekile kakhulu: i-teflon.

Izakhiwo ze-PTFE zifaka:

Izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini (<1%)
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali
Ukumelana nokushisa
Ama-coefficients aphansi kakhulu wokuxabana
Izakhiwo ezinganamatheli (zimelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu aqhubekayo angu-500 ° F (260 ° C))
Gqoka ukumelana
Iphuzu eliphakeme elibi

Izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-PTFE zinikeza zinhlobonhlobo zezicelo, futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-cooration engeyona induku ye-cookware. Ukumelana okungcono kwe-PTFE kuvumela ukuthi kuhlanganiswe nezinto ezahlukahlukene nge-emulsion polymerization noma ukumiswa kwe-polymerization ukucubungula izindwangu eziphakeme ezivinjelwe ezinama-armal-arvintial ngempahla, njengokufaka izindwangu zocingo, izindwangu ezingezona ezinamathela, njll.

Yini i-PTFE?

Kutholwe i-polytetrafluoroethylene ye-1938 ngo-1938. Yatholakala ekuqaleni ngusokhemikhali waseMelika uRoy J. Plunkett (1910-199tt (1910-1994) lapho ezama ukuqanda isiqandisi esisha. Abantu ngaleso sikhathi bekungeke bacabange ngalo mkhiqizo ojwayelekile. Ama-catalysts angajwayelekile azothinta zonke izici zomhlaba.

Ngo-1941, iDuPont yathola ilungelo lobunikazi kulo mkhiqizo futhi ibhalise uphawu lwentengiso ngaphansi kwegama 'teflon ' ngo-1944.

Kulezi zinsuku, i-polytetrafluoroethlelene isetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi yokukhiqiza nokuphila. Embonini yokupheka, i-cookware ehlanganisiwe ye-PTFE isetshenziswa kabanzi; Embonini yezingubo, okokugqoka okubandayo okubandayo kusuka kumikhiqizo efana ne-helikon ne-carinthia bonke basebenzisa i-PTFE njenge-coating noma ungqimba lwangaphandle. , ukuze kufinyelelwe amandla okumelana nokubanda okunzima kuka -30 ° C; Ensimini yezempi, izinto ze-PTFE ezinokulahleka okuphansi, izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-dielectric, ukuvumelana okuhle, izici zamakhemikhali ezizinzile, futhi cishe akukho ukumunca umswakama okusetshenziswa kabanzi kumaphaneli e-radio radio ephezulu yomsakazo. Ensimini yezokwelapha, izinto ze-PTFE nazo zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezingxenyeni zomzimba wokufakelwa.

Ngabe i-PTFE imeleni?

I-PTFE imele i-polytetrafluoroethylelene, igama lamakhemikhali le-polymer (C2F4) n.

Lokhu okuqukethwe ngokuvamile kubhekisele kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-PTFE Synthetic Fluoropolymer. Izici eziyinhloko zePolytetrafluoroethyleneetereneenerey zimi ngokulandelayo:

Ukushisa okusebenzayo okuphezulu (° F / ° C): 500/260
Amandla asheshayo ekhefu (PSI): 4,000
I-Dielectric Constant (KV / Mil): 3.7
Ingxenye: 2.16
Ukunwebeka ngekhefu: 350%
Ubulukhuni basogwini: 54

I-PTFE POLYTETRAHOOORYLENLYLELE SYENTY SYENDEY SYENTTE SYENTY MOORoPolymer ngezimpawu ezingenhla sezivele zinemikhiqizo engenakubalwa, imikhiqizo emikhulu imi ngale ndlela elandelayo:

Teflon®: chemours
I-Fluon®: AGC Ltd
Dyneon®: 3m
I-Polyflon: DAIKIN Industrial Co, Ltd.
I-Algoflon: Solvay Ltd.

Isakhiwo samakhemikhali se-PTFE

I-PolyteTrafluoroethYelene iyi-polymer eqondile eyakhiwe nge-carbon (C) nama-athomu (F), ngefomula yamakhemikhali (C2F4) n, lapho i-N iyinombolo yamayunithi e-monomer.

Ukwakheka kwe-PTFE kungavezwa ngokuthi: -CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-

Iketanga elide lama-molekyuli e-PTFE lakhiwa ama-athomu e-carbon, ngalinye lixhumeke kuma-athomu amabili ama-fluorine.

Ama-athori we-fluorine acishe amboze indawo yama-athomu ekhabhoni e-polymer chain. Ama-athomu e-carbon akha iketanga elikhulu le-polymer chain. Ama-athomu we-fluorine akha isakhiwo esinjengesihlangu azungeze ama-athomu e-carbon, avikela kahle ama-athomu e-carbon yangaphakathi.

Lokhu kulungiselelwa okuhlukile kwama-athomu kunika i-PTFE izakhiwo zayo ezihlukile. Lesi sakhiwo samangqamuzana sinikela ngezakhiwo ezingenakuqhathaniswa ze-PTFE ezingenakuqhathaniswa ze-PTFE nezakhemikhali.

Yini impahla ye-teflon?

I-Teflon i-fluoropolymer ye-thermoplastic, kanye ne-teflon Acronym yi-PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene).

I-Teflon wuphawu lwentengiso lwe-chemours, nokho, i-PTFE ingaphinde ithengwe ezinkampanini ngaphandle kwama-checours.

I-Teflon iyinto ethandwayo ngenxa yokuxabana kwayo okuphansi, ukumelana kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu, kanye nokumelana kwamakhemikhali.

Yi-teflon ptfe

Vele, i-teflon iyinto ebonakalayo ye-polymer polymerized kusuka kuTetrafluoroethylelene futhi uhlobo lwezinto ezifunwayo. Igama layo lamakhemikhali yi-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

Isakhiwo samakhemikhali seTeflon sihlukile kakhulu. Isakhiwo se-molecular ukuthi f (ama-athomu we-fluorine) athatha indawo yonke i-H (ama-athomu e-hydrogen) ku-C chain. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba i-athomu ye-athomu ye-fluorine inkulu kakhulu kune-radius ye-athomu yekhabhoni, ukuze kuhlatshwe ama-athomu ama-athomu, ngakho-ke angeke ahlelwe nge-athomu yekhabhoni, ukuze umhlaba wangaphandle ucishe ubheke ama-athomu we-inert fluorine.

Ngesithiyo esiqinile se-athomu se-athomu, isakhiwo se-teflon polymer sizinzile ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto.

I-Teflon Properties

I-PTFE iyi-polymer polymerized kusuka kuTetrafluoroethylenelene Monomer. Kuyinto esobala noma ye-opaque wax efana ne-PE. Ubuningi bayo bungu-2.2G / CM3 futhi izinga layo lokufakwa kwamanzi lingaphansi kuka-0.01%.

Isakhiwo samakhemikhali sePTFE polymer sifana naleso sikaPe, ngaphandle kokuthi wonke ama-athomu e-hydrogen e-polyethylene athathelwa indawo ama-athomu ama-fluorine. Ngenxa yamandla aphezulu webhondi nokusebenza okuzinzile kwesibopho se-CF, kunokumelana kahle nokugqwayiza kwamakhemikhali kwamakhemikhali futhi kungamelana nawo wonke ama-acid aqinile (kufaka phakathi ama-regia aqinile we-Aqua) ngaphandle kwabezindaba ze-molten alkali, kanye ne-sodium hydroxide ngaphezulu kwama-300 ° C. Kanye nemiphumela ye-oxidants eqinile, ukunciphisa ama-ejenti kanye nama-solvents ahlukahlukene we-organic.

I-athomu ye-F ye-FTfe molecule iyalingana, futhi lezi zinto ezimbili esihlokweni se-CF ziyabuswa ngokusobala. Awekho ama-elektroni wamahhala ku-molecule, enza yonke i-molecule engathathi hlangothi. Ngakho-ke, inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-dielectric, futhi ukufakwa kwayo kagesi akuthinteki yithonya lemvelo kanye nemvamisa.

I-Teflon Global Properties

I-512D5F3D-FF78-42AE-94A2-CBE31E9DDA

Ukumelana kwevolumu kwalo kukhulu kune-1017, ukulahleka kwalo kwe-dielectric kuncane, i-voltage yayo yokwehlukana iphakeme, ukumelana kwayo kwe-arc kuhle, futhi kungasebenza endaweni kagesi engu-250 ° C. Ngoba azikho izibopho ze-hydrogen ekwakhiweni kwamangqamuzana e-PTFE, ukwakheka kwe-symmetrical, ngakho-ke i-crystallization yayo izinga le-crystallization liphezulu kakhulu (ngokuvamile i-crystallital imane lingama-74% ~ 75%, kwesinye isikhathi esenza i-PTFE imelana kakhulu. Izinga lokushisa layo elincibilikayo lingu-324C, izinga lokushisa laso lokugcina lingu-415 ° C, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphelele lokusebenzisa lingu-250 ° C. Ishaya izinga lokushisa lingu -190 ° C, kanye namazinga okushisa okushisa (ngaphansi kwezimo ze-0.46mpa) ngu-120c.

Izinto ze-teflon zinezakhiwo ezinhle zemishini. Amandla ayo ashubile angama-21 ~ 28mpa, amandla okugoba yi-11 ~ 14mpa, i-elongation ingama-250% ~ 300%, futhi ama-coefficients awo ashukumisayo ashukumisayo aphikisana ne-0.04, okungcono kune-polyethylene. I-coefficied yokwehla kwamapulasi apholile incane.

I-PTFE Emsulwa inamandla aphansi, ukumelana kabi kwemvelo nokumelana kahle nokumelana kahle. Ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukwengeza ezinye izinhlayiya ezi-Inorgeic ku-PTFE polymer, njenge-graphite, iqembu le-dileminite, i-aluminium oxide, i-fiber ye-alumini, njll. Ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zayo zemishini. , futhi futhi ingandiswa ngokubambisana namanye ama-polymers afana ne-polyphenylase (PHB), i-polyethylene suplycol (PFEP), njll.

Kwenziwa kanjani i-teflon

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Inqubo yokukhiqiza isebenzisa i-chloroform njengento eluhlaza, isebenzisa i-anhydrous hydrofluoric acid ku-fluorinate chloroform, izinga lokushisa lingenhla kwe-65ºC, lisebenzisa i-antimony pentalyst njenge-catalyst, futhi ekugcineni isebenzisa ukuqhekeka okushisayo ukuze kukhiqize i-tetrafluorooroethlelene.

I-Aokai ikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ukumiswa kwe-polymerization noma i-emulsion polymerization.

Ukulungiselela i-monomer tetrafluorooroethlelene

I-Indertister, i-Chloroform isetshenziswa njengento eluhlaza, i-anhydrous hydrofluoric acid isetshenziselwa ukugcwala i-chloroform, izinga lokushisa lingenhla kwe-65ºC, i-antimony pentachloride isetshenziswa njenge-catalyst, bese ekugcineni i-tetrafluoroorleylene ikhiqizwa ngokuqhekeka okushisayo. I-Tetrafluorooroethylenenenenenen nayo ingakhiqizwa ngokuphendula i-zinc nge-tetrafluorodichlorone emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Ukulungiselela i-polytetrafluoroethylelene

Kwi-koqweqwe lwawo noma olungenasici lwe-polymerization kettle, amanzi asetshenziswa njenge-medium, potassium persoulfate aciad amonmonium usawoti asetshenziswa njenge-stardant, i-fluorocarbonylenene ne-redox polymerizene ukuthola i-polyethylene enhle. Tetrafluoroethylelene.

Faka izengezo ezahlukahlukene ku-kettle yokuphendula, futhi i-tetrafluoroethylenelonene ingena i-polymerization kettle esigabeni segesi. Lungisa izinga lokushisa ku-kettle ku-25 ° C, bese wengeza inani elithile le-activator (i-sodium metabisulfite) ukuqala i-polymerization ngohlelo lwe-redox. Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-polymerization, ama-monomers aqhubekayo ngokuqhubekayo, futhi ingcindezi ye-polymerization igcinwa ngo-0.49 ~ 0.78MPA. Ukuhlakazwa okutholwe ngemuva kokuthi i-polymerization ihlanganiswe nokuhlushwa okuthile ngamanzi, futhi izinga lokushisa liyalungiswa ku-15 ~ 20º. Ngemuva kokuhlangene nokuvuselelwa kwemishini, kuyagezwa ngamanzi futhi kumiswe, okungukuthi, lo mkhiqizo utholakala njenge-resin enhle ye-granular.

Ingabe iTeflon iphephile?

I-Teflon Coating ngokwayo iphephile: Izisetshenziswa zeTeflon ngokwazo aziwona ubuthi, ngeke zibole, futhi ngeke zibangele izingozi zezempilo. Lokhu mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi isakhiwo sayo samangqamuzana asikhohlisi kumakhemikhali angempela, vumela ake agaywe agaywe futhi adonswa ngumzimba womuntu.

Funda kabanzi ngeTeflon Phezulu

Yini i-PTFE esetshenziselwa?

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Izakhiwo ezihlukile ze-PTFE zenza ukuthi zisetshenziswe kabanzi emisebenzini yezimboni nezasolwandle ezifana nemboni yamakhemikhali, u-petroleum, izindwangu, ukudla, ukuphazamiseka, umuthi, imishini.

Ukusetshenziswa kwePolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ezizakhisweni zokulwa nokugqwala:

Ngenxa yephutha ekumelaneni nokugqwala kwenjoloba, ingilazi, ama-alloys wensimbi nezinye izinto, kunzima ukufeza indawo enokhahlo lapho okushisa khona, ukucindezela kanye nemidiya yemidiya, kanye nokulahleka kwemizwa kwayo, kanye nokulahlekelwa okukhona kuyesabeka. Ngenkathi impahla ye-PTFE inokuphikiswa okuhle kakhulu kokugqwala, i-polytetrafluorooroethylene isebenzisa izinto ezingezwe ukuntuleka kokugqwala ku-petroleum, amakhemikhali, izindwangu kanye neminye imboni.

Izicelo ezithile zifaka phakathi: Amapayipi okulethwa, amapayipi okuphekela phansi, amapayipi entukuthelo wokuhambisa amagesi alolisayo, amapayipi aphezulu we-highsing systems, ama-distillation imibhoshongo, amakhethini okushisa, ama-kettle, imibhoshongo namathangi. Ukusebenza kwezimpawu zemishini yamakhemikhali ezifana nama-linings nama-valves kunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kahle nasekusebenzeni kwawo wonke umshini nemishini. Izinto ze-PTFE zinezici zokumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokuguga, ukungqubuzana okuphansi okunama-coefficity, ububanzi bokushisa, nobubanzi obuhle, ukukwenza kahle kakhulu izimfuneko zokumelana nokushisa okusebenzayo ngaphezulu kwe-100 °. Njengezimpawu zokukhomba kwemishini, ukushintshaniswa kokushisa, imithambo yengcindezi ephezulu, imikhumbi emikhulu, ama-flang, amaphampu amaningi, ama-flat amaphampu, izinduku zama-grap, amaphampu we-worm, izimbotshana zezibungu, njll.

2.Ukusebenza okuphansi kwe-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zokusebenza zomthwalo.

Izingxenye zezingxabano zeminye imishini azifanelekeli ukuthambisa, ezifana nasezimweni lapho kufanele zichithwe amafutha ezinhlamvu futhi zisebenza, noma imikhiqizo, imikhiqizo, ukugcwaliswa kwemithwalo ye-PTFE, ukuthwala umthwalo) wezingxenye zemishini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-coeffic ye-coeffiction yalokhu okuqukethwe iphansi kakhulu phakathi kwezinto eziqinile ezaziwayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwalo okucacisiwe kufaka phakathi ama-bearings for imishini yamakhemikhali, imishini yobunzi, nemishini yezolimo, njengezindandatho ze-piston, izintambo zomshini wamathuluzi, kanye nezindandatho zemikhombandlela. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi kumaphrojekthi wokwakha umphakathi njengamaslayidi wokusekelwa amabhuloho, ukuhlukaniswa kwensimbi yophahla ophahleni lwamaphangi, amapayipi amakhulu amakhemikhali namathangi okugcina. Amabhulokhi, kanye nangokusetshenziswa njengebhuloho asekelwa kanye nama-swivels ebhuloho, njll.

3.Izicelo ze-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ezisetshenzisweni ze-elekthronikhi kanye nogesi.

Ukulahleka okuphansi okungokwemvelo kanye ne-dielectric encane ye-dielectric ye-PTFE izinto zivumela ukuthi zenziwe zaba izintambo ezingenazintambo zokusebenzisa ama-micro motors, njll. Futhi kungenye yezinto ezisemqoka zezakhi ze-elekthronikhi zezimboni ezifana ne-aerospace ne-aerospace. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafilimu epulasitiki we-fluorine kunomphefumulo ophakeme ku-oxygen kanye nokuvunyelwa okuphezulu ku-vapor yamanzi. Lokhu kukhethwa okukhethiwe kokudla okuncane kungasetshenziselwa ukwenza izinzwa ze-oksijini. Izici ze-Fluoroplastics ezibangela ukuphambuka kwama-polar ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nengcindezi ephezulu kungasetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-microphones, izikhulumi, izingxenye kumarobhothi, njll., Kanye nemvume yakho ephansi ingasetshenziswa. Izici zokusebenza kahle okuphezulu zingenza imicu ebonakalayo.

I-4.Plucation ye-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) emithini yezokwelapha.

Izinto ezinwetshiwe ze-PTFE zingena nje zinokuqina okuqinile kakhulu kwebhayoloji. Ngeke kubangele ukwenqatshwa ngumzimba futhi akukho nemiphumela emibi emzimbeni yomzimba womuntu. Ingafakwa inzalo nganoma iyiphi indlela. Isakhiwo saso se-microporous sivumela ukusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zokuvuselela, kufaka phakathi imithambo yegazi yokufakelwa kanye neziqu zokuvuselelwa kwezicubu ezithambile kanye nama-sutures okuhlinza ama-vascular, ama-carcuc, okuhlinza ama-orthopedic.

I-Drupapplection yezakhiwo ezinamathela e-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

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Izinto ze-PTFE zinokungezwani okuncane kakhulu komhlaba phakathi kwezinto eziqinile futhi akunamathele kunoma iyiphi into. Iphinde ibe nezimpawu zokumelana okuphezulu nokuphansi kwamazinga okushisa kanye nokungena kwamakhemikhali, okwenza kube lula ukuthola izinhlelo zokusebenza njengokukhiqiza. Amapani okungewona ama-stick asetshenziswa kabanzi kwizicelo zokulwa nama-stick. Inqubo yokulwa nokunamathela ikakhulukazi ifaka izinhlobo ezimbili: Ukufaka ishidi le-PTFE ku-substrate bese ubeka I-PTFE coating noma i-varnish yaqamba ingilazi engxenyeni engezansi ngokusebenzisa ukushisa kwe-shrinkage.

Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-PTFE Coatings

Yize izinto ze-PTFE zisenenkinga yobunzima obuphakeme ekushisekeni kwe-welding, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, izindlela ezintsha ze-synthesis zizoxazulula amaphoyinti ezinhlungu ze-PTFE futhi afake isicelo se-PTFE kububanzi bezinkambu.