Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwendwangu ye-PTFE enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa emikhiqizweni eyinhlanganisela ye-carbon fibre flat. Ukubunjwa kokucindezela: kubekwe phakathi kwesikhunta kanye nama-prepregs ukuvimbela ukunamathela kwe-epoxy resin, okuvumela ukudonsa kalula; kufakwe phakathi kwamaphaneli amancane amancane ukuze kugwenywe ukunamathelana. Ukubumba isikhwama se-vacuum: ifilimu ekhishwa kabusha esetshenziswayo phakathi kwendwangu ye-prepreg ne-breather, evumela indawo yegesi/inhlaka kuyilapho kuvumela ukuxebuka kalula ngemva kokwelashwa; uhlangothi oluthungwe ludlulisa ukuthungwa okuhle kwendawo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubuhwaba obuhlanganisayo, kuqede ukuthungatha isihlabathi. Ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo: amabhande okuthutha angenamthungo angagxili athwala ama-prepregs ngokusebenzisa izindawo zokufudumeza/ukucindezela; isendlalelo se-cushion sisabalalisa ingcindezi ngokulinganayo inciphisa ukuhlehlisa okwenziwe kwasendaweni.

Lesi sihloko sihlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukwelashwa kwelangabi lokuguqulwa kwendawo ye-PTFE futhi iqhathanise imiphumela ne-corona kanye nokwelashwa kwe-plasma. Ukuba nokwenzeka: ilangabi lingashintsha i-PTFE kodwa akuvamile ukuthi lisetshenziswe ezimbonini — izingozi zokuphepha (i-PTFE ibola ikhipha i-HF enobuthi ne-perfluoroisobutylene); ukusebenza kunomkhawulo (amandla angaphezulu angama-30-35 mN/m kuphela, enza isendlalelo somngcele esibuthakathaka). Izindlela zokusebenza: ilangabi — i-oxidation yesikhashana ephezulu yezinga lokushisa (>1000°C), i-etching kancane, amaqembu ambalwa omoya-mpilo; i-corona - ukukhishwa kwe-voltage ephezulu kukhiqiza i-ozone/i-oxygen esebenzayo, i-oxidation emnene, ukuminyana kwamandla aphansi akukwazi ukuphula izibopho ze-CF; i-plasma — izinhlayiya ezinamandla/ama-electron/ama-radicals wamahhala ahlukanisa ngokuqondile izibopho ze-CF namaqembu e-polar axhunyelelwe (i-hydroxyl, i-carboxyl, i-amino).

Lesi sihloko siqhathanisa ukunemba kwezindlela ezintathu zokuhlola idigri yokwelapha yezinamatheliso ezizwela ukucindezela kwe-silicone. Ukukhishwa kwe-solvent (okuqukethwe kwejeli) kukala ingxenyana yenethiwekhi engancibiliki nge-Soxhlet extraction - izilinganiso ngokweqile ngenxa yezingxenye eziboshwe ngokomzimba ngephutha njengeziphambano, ukunemba ± 2-5%, ukunemba kwamakhemikhali aphansi kakhulu. I-DSC ikala ukushisa kwensalela yokusabela (α=1-ΔHresidual/ΔHtotal) - enokwethenjelwa ekuguquleni okuphansi kuya kokumaphakathi kodwa ilinganisela ngokweqile ekuguquleni okuphezulu ngenxa yamaqembu ensalela anomkhawulo wokusabalalisa, ukuphindaphinda <±2%.

Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa imisebenzi ye-PTFE ekuhlanganisweni kwe-thermal insulation yezinjini ezicitshwayo. Izindlela ezine: Ukubola kwe-Endothermic — PTFE depolymerizes at ~400°C to tetrafluoroethylene (highly endothermic, ~3,000°C ukuchayeka kwegesi evuthayo), imunca ukushisa okukhulu futhi ikhiphe amandla ashisayo endaweni yodonga. Ukupholisa i-transpiration kanye ne-gas film insulation - amagesi okubola (tetrafluoroethylene) angena ngaphandle ngama-micro-pores, asuse ukushisa komhlaba; ifilimu yegesi egelezayo ihlukanisa igesi evuthayo eshisa kakhulu odongeni, inciphisa ukushisa okuseduze nodonga nge>50%; ifilimu yegesi iguqula isivinini/izinga lokushisa lomngcele, inciphise ukuguguleka kwezinhlayiyana.

Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa imiphumela ye-gamma-ray irradiation kusakhiwo nezakhiwo ze-PTFE. Izinguquko zesakhiwo samakhemikhali: imisebe ye-gamma iphula amaketango ayinhloko e-CC kanye namaketango aseceleni e-CF (inani le-G 3.0-3.5), okubangela ukugoqa okukhulu kweketango kanye nokwehla okukhulu kwesisindo samangqamuzana; ku-oxygen, ama-radicals amahhala enza i-peroxy radicals ethula i-acyl fluoride kanye namaqembu okuphela kwe-carboxylic acid (i-hydrolyzing kuya ku-HF). Isakhiwo esijiyile siyashintsha: i-crystallinity ikhuphuka ekuqaleni (umthamo ophansi, amaketanga amafushane ahlela kabusha) bese ewa (umthamo ophezulu, amaphutha aphazamisa amakristalu); i-lamellar crystals fragment ibe amakristalu amancane ane-oda lebanga elide elanyamalala. Ukuwohloka kwempahla: ubude ngesikhathi sekhefu buyehla ukusuka ku-0.1 kGy emoyeni, ukulahlekelwa > 90% ku-~1kGy — impahla iba lukhuni futhi ibe brittle; indawo yokuncibilika yehla isuka ku-327°C iye ngaphansi kuka-310°C; amaqembu e-polar aphakamisa kancane ukwehla kwe-dielectric / ukulahlekelwa; izinguquko ezingaphezulu ukusuka kokumhlophe kuye kokumpunga/okumnyama nokulahlekelwa isicwebezelisi.

Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa izindlela zokulawula ukucwebezela kwe-PTFE enamathela kwindwangu ye-Teflon enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa. Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokupholisa kuqondile kakhulu futhi kusebenza ngempumelelo: Ukupholisa okusheshayo (ukucisha) ngamakhethini omoya obandayo, amarola okupholisa noma amathange amanzi - amaketanga amangqamuzana ayabanda ngaphambi kokuhleleka oku-oda, akhe amakristalu amancane angaphelele; ukunamathela kuthambile, kuqinile ngokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe okungenanduku, ubulukhuni obuncishisiwe/ukumelana nokugqoka. Ukupholisa kancane (i-annealing) ngesigaba sokugcina ukushisa ku-10-50°C/h noma ukupholisa esithandweni - amaketanga e-molecular ahleleka ngokugcwele abe ama-spherulite amakhulu aphelele; ukugqoka kunokuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqokwa okuvelele, ubukhulu obuzinzile, ukuguquguquka okuncishisiwe kanye nokwenyuka kwe-brittleness.

Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwendwangu ye-Teflon enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ezithandweni zokushisa komoya oshisayo. Ukuba nokwenzeka: kungasetshenziswa njengomcamelo ongagxili kumabhande anezikhala noma amathreyi lapho izinga lokushisa lomlilo lingu-≤260°C (ukoma okunezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukususwa kwe-binder, ukuphulukiswa kwe-slurry) — kuthuthukisa ukubhidliza nokucosha ukusebenza kahle. Akuvunyelwe ngokuqinile emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nendawo/aphezulu (300-950°C) — I-PTFE ibola ikhiphe i-HF enobuthi ne-perfluoroisobutylene, okokusebenza okugqwalile futhi kubangele ushevu obulalayo. Umgomo wokuphepha: uma izinga lokushisa lomlilo lingacacile noma lingenakuqinisekiswa ngaphansi kuka-260°C, ungasebenzisi. Izakhiwo eziyinhloko: isevisi eqhubekayo -70 ° C kuya ku-260 ° C, yesikhathi esifushane 300 ° C; ukungabi nenduku okwedlulele kanye ne-inertness yamakhemikhali; ukufakwa kahle kagesi; ukungqubuzana okuphansi (~0.04); Isisekelo se-fiberglass sinikeza amandla aphezulu okudonsa.

Lesi sihloko sifaka ububanzi besivinini somugqa ojwayelekile womugqa wokukhiqiza wendwangu we-Teflon wezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Amabanga wejubane: imikhiqizo emincane evamile (0.08-0.30mm) ku-0.5-3 m / min, ezinzile ku-1-3 m / min; imikhiqizo ewugqinsi/ehlanganiswe kaningi (≥0.4mm) ku-0.3-1 m/min; imigqa esebenza kahle kakhulu enamahhavini amade ingafinyelela ku-3-6 m/min kodwa imishini enzima. Izithiyo zenqubo: ukomisa nokucwilisa kudinga isikhathi sokuhlala (i-PTFE idinga amaminithi angu-1-3 ku-380-400 ° C; okunganele kubangela ukunamathela / ukuqhekeka okubi); isivinini sinqunywa ubuncane besikhathi sokumisa/sokushisa ngaphansi kobude behhavini obumisiwe. Izithiyo zezinto ezibonakalayo: ama-solids aphezulu / ama-viscosity dispersions angena kancane; izindwangu eziwugqinsi/eziminyene zimunca uketshezi futhi zidlulise ukushisa kancane; izindwangu ezibanzi ezijwayele ukuhluka kombala omaphakathi nendawo ezidinga ukuncishiswa kwesivinini. Izisetshenziswa kanye nekhwalithi yohwebo: amahhavini amade anezizoni eziningi avumela isivinini esikhulu.

Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa umehluko phakathi kwe-PTFE emulsion ekhiqizwa i-polymerization yokumiswa vs ukuhlakazwa kwe-polymerization. Ukucaciswa: i-polymerization yokumiswa ayikwazi ukukhiqiza ngokuqondile i-emulsion ye-PTFE; I-emulsion ye-PTFE yangempela ivela kuphela ekuhlakazweni kwe-polymerization. 'I-emulsion yendlela yokumiswa' empeleni iwukulengiswa okunamanzi kwama-micropowder eresin enziwe nge-polymerized. I-Dispersion polymerization (i-emulsion eyinhloko): izinhlayiya eziyindilinga (0.1-0.3μm, ukusatshalaliswa okuncane), ezinziswe ama-surfactants ane-perfluorinated, isisindo samangqamuzana aphezulu kakhulu (>94% crystallinity), i-fibrillation eqinile, idinga i-380°C sintering ukuze yenze ifilimu eqinile eqhubekayo.

Lesi sihloko sihlola umthelela wohlobo lwe-platinum catalyst kanye nokugxila ku-crosslinking kinetics yerabha ye-silicone yokwelapha. Izinhlobo ze-Catalyst: I-Speier catalyst (i-chloroplatinic acid, i-Pt⁴⁺) idinga ukuncishiswa kwezinhlobo ezisebenzayo ze-low-valent, ezisebenza njenge-precatalyst; I-Karstedt catalyst (Pt⁰ ene-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane) ingena ngokuqondile kumjikelezo we-catalytic. Imithelela yohlobo: I-Speier ibonisa isikhathi sokungeniswa esishiwo ngejika lokuphulukisa elimise okuka-S (ihamba kancane ngaphambi kwesikhathi, isheshiswe kamuva) namandla okuqalisa abonakala aphezulu; I-Karstedt ayibonisi ukungeniswa, izinga eliphezulu lokuqala eline-exotherm ebukhali, amandla okuvula aphansi.