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![Aokai PTFE na ɛyɛ adwuma]( "Aokai PTFE")
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) yɛ carbon ne fluorine a wɔde yɛ nneɛma. Saa ade yi wɔ din a wonim no yiye sen biara: Teflon.
PTFE agyapadeɛ bi ne:
Mfiridwuma mu nneɛma a eye kyɛn so (<1%) .
Nnuru a ɛnyɛ adwuma a ɛko tia nsɛe
Ɔhyew a ɛko tia
Nsonsonoe a ɛba fam koraa a ɛkyerɛ friction
Non stick properties(gyinaa ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro a ɛkɔ so 500 ° f (260 ° c))
Hyɛ nea ɛko tia
Nsu a ɛyɛ hyew a ɛkorɔn
PTFE su a eye kyɛn so no ma ɛyɛ adwuma ahorow pii, na wɔtaa de di dwuma sɛ ade a ɛnyɛ nnam a wɔde kata nneɛma a wɔde noa aduan so. PTFE a ɛko tia ɔsɛe a eye no ma wotumi de nneɛma ahorow bom denam emulsion polymerization anaa suspension polymerization processing so ma ɛyɛ mfiridwuma mu nneɛma a ɛko tia ɔhyew a ɛkorɔn a ɛwɔ mfiridwuma mu su a eye kyɛn so, te sɛ waya a wɔde siw ano, aduan-grade conveyor belts, ntama a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛnyɛ nnam, ne nea ɛkeka ho.
Dɛn Ne PTFE?
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Wohuu polytetrafluoroethylene wɔ afe 1938. Amerikani nnuruyɛfo Roy J. Plunkett (1910–1994) na ohui mfiase no bere a na ɔrebɔ mmɔden sɛ ɔbɛyɛ carbon ne fluorine afrafra frigye foforo no. Anka nnipa a na wɔwɔ hɔ saa bere no rensusuw saa ade a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yi ho. Nneɛma a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛma nneɛma yɛ kɛse bɛka wiase no fã biara.
Wɔ afe 1941 mu no, DuPont nyaa saa ade yi ho tumi krataa na ɔkyerɛw aguadi agyiraehyɛde bi wɔ din 'Teflon' ase wɔ afe 1944 mu.
Mprempren, wɔde polytetrafluoroethylene adi dwuma kɛse wɔ nneɛma pii a wɔyɛ ne asetra mu. Wɔ aduannoa adwuma mu no, wɔde aduannoa nneɛma a wɔde PTFE akata so di dwuma kɛse; wɔ ntadehyɛ mu no, ntade a ɛwɔ soro a awɔw ntumi nkɔ mu a efi nnwumakuw te sɛ HELIKON ne Carinthia nyinaa de PTFE di dwuma sɛ ade a wɔde kata so anaasɛ akyi fã. , sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobenya tumi a wɔde gyina awɔw a ano yɛ den a ɛyɛ -30°C ano; wɔ asraafo mu no, wɔde PTFE nneɛma a ɛhwere ade pii, dielectric ahoɔden a eye kyɛn so, ɛyɛ nea ɛkɔ so pɛpɛɛpɛ, nnuru a ɛyɛ den, na ɛkame ayɛ sɛ nsu a ɛtwetwe nsu biara nni dwuma kɛse wɔ radio frequency radar panel ahorow a ɛkorɔn mu. Wɔ aduruyɛ mu no, wɔde PTFE nneɛma nso di dwuma kɛse wɔ nipadua akwaa a wɔayɛ mu.
Dɛn na PTFE Gyina hɔ Ma?
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PTFE gyina hɔ ma polytetrafluoroethylene, nnuru a wɔde frɛ polymer (C2F4)n.
Saa ade yi taa kyerɛ ptfe synthetic fluoropolymer biara a wɔakyerɛw so. Nneɛma atitiriw a ɛwɔ polytetrafluoroethylene mu ne nea edidi so yi:
Ɔhyew a ɛsen biara a wɔde yɛ adwuma (°F /°C): 500/260
Ahoɔden a Ɛma Wɔtwetwe (PSI): 4,000
Dielectric a ɛkɔ so daa (kV/mil): 3.7
Nkyɛmu: 2.16
Ntrɛwmu wɔ ahomegye bere mu: 350% .
Shore D Nneɛma a ɛyɛ den: 54
ptfe polytetrafluoroethylene synthetic fluoropolymer a wɔde di dwuma kɛse a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ su ahorow no wɔ brands a wontumi nkan dedaw, brands atitiriw no te sɛ nea edidi so yi:
TEFLON®: Nnuru a wɔde yɛ nnuru
FLUON®: AGC Ltd. a ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ hɔ
DYNEON®: 3M na ɛwɔ hɔ
POLYFLON: Daikin Mfiridwuma Adwumakuw, Ltd.
ALGOFLON: Solvay Ltd. a ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ hɔ.
PTFE Nnuru Nhyehyɛe
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Polytetrafluoroethylene yɛ linear polymer a carbon (C) ne fluorine (F) atom na ɛyɛ, a ɛwɔ nnuru a wɔde yɛ (C2F4)n, a n yɛ monomer unit dodow.
Wobetumi ada PTFE nhyehyɛe adi sɛ: -CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2- .
PTFE molecule ahorow no nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn tenten no yɛ carbon atɔm ahorow, a emu biara ne fluorine atɔm abien wɔ abusuabɔ.
Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ fluorine atɔm kata carbon atɔm a ɛwɔ spiral polymer nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn no ani. Carbon atom ahorow no na ɛyɛ nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn titiriw a ɛwɔ polymer nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn no mu. Fluorine atɔm no yɛ ade a ɛte sɛ kyɛm twa carbon atɔm no ho hyia, na ɛbɔ carbon atɔm a ɛwɔ mu no ho ban yiye.
Saa atɔm nhyehyɛe soronko yi ma PTFE nya ne su soronko. Saa molecule nhyehyɛe yi boa ma PTFE nya honam fam ne nnuruyɛ mu nneɛma a ɛso bi nni.
Dɛn Ne Teflon Ade no?
Teflon yɛ fluoropolymer a wɔde yɛ ɔhyew, na Teflon asɛmfua tiawa ne PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene).
Teflon yɛ Chemours aguadi agyiraehyɛde, nanso, wobetumi atɔ PTFE nso afi nnwumakuw a ɛnyɛ Chemours hɔ.
Teflon yɛ ade a agye din esiane sɛ ɛnyɛ den sɛ ɛbɛbɔ, ɛko tia ɔhyew kɛse, na ɛko tia nnuru nti.
So Teflon yɛ PTFE
Nokwarem no, Teflon yɛ ade a wɔde tetrafluoroethylene ayɛ polymer na ɛyɛ ade bi a wɔde perfluorine ayɛ. Ne nnuru din ne polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Teflon nnuru nhyehyɛe yɛ soronko koraa. Molekyule nhyehyɛe no ne sɛ F (fluorine atɔm) si H (hydrogen atɔm) a ɛwɔ C nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn no so nyinaa ananmu. Bere koro no ara mu no, esiane sɛ fluorine atɔm no kwansin sõ sen carbon atɔm no kwansin kɛse nti, atɔm ahorow ntam a ɛtwetwe no yɛ kɛse yiye, enti ɛrenyɛ Te sɛ hydrogen atɔm no, wobetumi ahyehyɛ no wɔ wimhyɛn mu, enti ɛkame ayɛ sɛ fluorine atɔm no twitwiw kɔ soro de kyekyere carbon atɔm no, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a abɔnten wiase no betumi ne fluorine atɔm a ɛnyɛ adwuma koraa no nkutoo adi nkitaho.
Esiane sɛ fluorine atom akwanside a emu yɛ den wɔ hɔ nti, Teflon polymer nhyehyɛe no gyina hɔ pintinn koraa sɛ wɔde toto nneɛma afoforo ho a.
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Teflon Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ
PTFE yɛ polymer a wɔde tetrafluoroethylene monomer ayɛ no polymer. Ɛyɛ wax a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaasɛ ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi te sɛ PE. Ne density yɛ 2.2g/cm3 na ne nsuo a ɛtwetwe no nnu 0.01%.
Nnuru nhyehyɛe a ɛwɔ PTFE polymer mu no te sɛ PE de no, gye sɛ wɔde fluorine atɔm si hydrogen atɔm a ɛwɔ polyethylene mu nyinaa ananmu. Esiane sɛ CF nkitahodi ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn ne adwumayɛ a ɛyɛ den nti, ɛwɔ nnuru a ɛko tia nsɛeɛ a ɛkyɛn so na ɛtumi gyina acid a ɛyɛ den nyinaa ano (a aqua regia ka ho) gye alkali dadeɛ a wɔabɔ, oxidizing media, ne sodium hydroxide a ɛboro 300°C. Ne saa ara nso na nsunsuanso a efi oxidants a ano yɛ den, reducing agents ne organic solvents ahorow mu ba.
F atom a ɛwɔ PTFE molecule no mu no yɛ symmetrical, na nneɛma abien a ɛwɔ CF bond no mu no yɛ covalently bonded. Ɛlektrɔn biara nni molecule no mu a ɛde ne ho, na ɛma molecule no nyinaa yɛ nea enni afã biara. Enti, ɛwɔ dielectric su a eye kyɛn so, na ne anyinam ahoɔden insulation no nnya nkɛntɛnso wɔ The influence of environment and frequency.
Teflon Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Abɔde Mu
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Ne volume resistivity yɛ kɛseɛ sene 1017, ne dielectric loss sua, ne breakdown voltage yɛ kɛseɛ, ne arc resistance yɛ papa, na ɛtumi yɛ adwuma wɔ anyinam ahoɔden tebea a ɛyɛ 250°C. Esiane sɛ hydrogen nkitahodi biara nni PTFE molecule nhyehyɛe no mu nti, nhyehyɛe no yɛ symmetrical, enti ne crystallization Crystallization dodow no yɛ kɛse yiye (mpɛn pii no crystallinity no yɛ 55%~75%, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛkɔ soro te sɛ 94%), a ɛma PTFE tumi gyina ɔhyew ano kɛse. Ne hyew a ɛyɛ hyew yɛ 324C, nea ɛporɔw yɛ 415°C, na ne hyew a ɛsen biara a wɔde di dwuma yɛ 250°C. Ɛyɛ brittle Ɔhyew no yɛ -190°C, na ɔhyew a wɔkyinkyim no hyew (wɔ 0.46MPa tebea mu) yɛ 120C.
Teflon nneɛma wɔ mfiridwuma mu su pa. Ne tensile ahoɔden yɛ 21 ~ 28MPa, bending ahoɔden yɛ 11 ~ 14MPa, elongation yɛ 250% ~ 300%, na ne dynamic ne static friction coefficients tia dade nyinaa yɛ 0.04, a eye sen nylon, polyformaldehyde, ne polyethylene. Plastik a ɛyɛ nwini no friction nsusuwii sua.
Pure PTFE wɔ ahoɔden a ɛba fam, ɛnyɛ den sɛ ɛbɛhyɛ ne creep a ɛnyɛ papa. Mpɛn pii no ɛho hia sɛ wɔde nneɛma nketenkete bi a ɛnyɛ nkwaboaa ka PTFE polymer no ho, te sɛ graphite, disulfide kuw, aluminium oxide, glass fiber, carbon fiber, ne nea ɛkeka ho na ama ne mfiridwuma mu ahoɔden atu mpɔn. , na wobetumi nso atrɛw mu denam biakoyɛ a wɔne polymers afoforo te sɛ polyphenylase (PHB), polyphenylene sulfide (PFS), polyethylene glycol (PEEK), polyethylene/propylene copolymer (PFEP), ne nea ɛkeka ho ne damping temperature range no so, na ama ne damping temperature range atu mpɔn.
Sɛnea Wɔyɛ Teflon
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Adeyɛ no de chloroform di dwuma sɛ ade a wɔde yɛ nneɛma, wɔde hydrofluoric acid a nsu nnim di dwuma de hyɛ chloroform fluorine, ɔhyew a ɛwɔ adeyɛ no mu boro 65oC, wɔde antimony pentachloride di dwuma sɛ ade a ɛma nneɛma yɛ kɛse, na awiei koraa no wɔde ɔhyew mu mpaapaemu di dwuma de yɛ tetrafluoroethylene.
Wɔde suspension polymerization anaa emulsion polymerization na ɛyɛ aokai.
Nsiesiei a wɔde yɛ monomer tetrafluoroethylene
Wɔ mfiridwuma mu no, wɔde chloroform di dwuma sɛ ade a wɔde yɛ nneɛma, wɔde hydrofluoric acid a nsu nnim di dwuma de hyɛ chloroform mu fluorine, ɔhyew a ɛwɔ mu no boro 65oC, wɔde antimony pentachloride di dwuma sɛ ade a ɛma nneɛma yɛ kɛse, na awiei koraa no wɔde ɔhyew mu mpaapaemu na ɛyɛ tetrafluoroethylene. Wobetumi nso ayɛ tetrafluoroethylene denam zinc ne tetrafluorodichloroethane a wɔde bɛyɛ adwuma wɔ ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro mu no so.
Nsiesiei a wɔde yɛ polytetrafluoroethylene
Wɔ enamel anaa dade a ɛnyɛ den polymerization kettle mu no, wɔde nsu di dwuma sɛ ade a wɔde yɛ ade, wɔde potassium persulfate di dwuma sɛ nea wɔde fi ase, wɔde perfluorocarboxylic acid ammonium nkyene di dwuma sɛ nea wɔde petepete, wɔde fluorocarbon di dwuma sɛ nea ɛma nneɛma gyina, na wɔde tetrafluoroethylene yɛ redox polymerized ma wonya polyethylene a wɔde powder a ɛyɛ fɛ. Tetrafluoroethylene a wɔde yɛ aduru.
Fa nneɛma ahorow a wɔde ka ho gu reaction kettle no mu, na tetrafluoroethylene monomer no hyɛn polymerization kettle no mu wɔ gas phase no mu. Sesa ɔhyew a ɛwɔ kettle no mu ma ɛnyɛ 25°C, afei fa activator (sodium metabisulfite) dodow bi ka ho na ama woafi ase ayɛ polymerization denam redox nhyehyɛe so. Wɔ polymerization nhyehyɛe no mu no, wɔkɔ so de monomers ka ho, na wɔma polymerization nhyɛso no kɔ so yɛ 0.49 ~ 0.78MPa. Wɔde nsuo diluted apete a wonya wɔ polymerization akyi no kodu dodow pɔtee bi, na wɔsesa ɔhyew no ma ɛyɛ 15 ~ 20oC. Bere a wɔde mfiri akanyan no aboaboa ano akyi no, wɔde nsu hohoro no na ɛyow, kyerɛ sɛ, Wonya saa ade yi sɛ granular resin a ɛyɛ fɛ.
So Teflon yɛ Ahobammɔ?
Teflon a wɔde kata so no ankasa yɛ nea asiane biara nni ho: Teflon ade no ankasa nyɛ awuduru, ɛremporɔw, na ɛremfa akwahosan ho asiane mma. Ebia eyi te saa efisɛ ne molecule nhyehyɛe no ntumi nkɔ nnuru ankasa mu titiriw, na kampɛsɛ onipa nipadua no yam na ɛtwetwe.
Dɛn na Wɔde Di Dwuma Ma PTFE .
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PTFE su soronko no ma wɔde di dwuma kɛse wɔ mfiridwuma ne po so adwumayɛ te sɛ nnuruyɛ adwuma, petroleum, ntama, aduan, nkrataa a wɔyɛ, nnuruyɛ, ɛlɛtrɔnik ne mfiri mu.
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) a wɔde di dwuma wɔ nneɛma a ɛko tia nsɛe mu:
Esiane sintɔ ahorow a ɛwɔ rɔba, ahwehwɛ, dade a wɔde afra ne nneɛma afoforo a ɛko tia nsɛe mu nti, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobehyia tebea a emu yɛ den a ɔhyew, nhyɛso ne nnuru a wɔde yɛ nneɛma bom tra hɔ no, na nneɛma a wɔhwere a efi mu ba no yɛ hu yiye. Bere a PTFE ade no wɔ ahoɔden a ɛko tia nsɛe a eye kyɛn so no, polytetrafluoroethylene de nneɛma atitiriw a ɛko tia nsɛe di dwuma wɔ petroleum, nnuru, ntama ne nnwuma afoforo mu.
Nneɛma pɔtee a wɔde di dwuma ne: nsuo afiri a wɔde kɔma, nsuo afiri a wɔde yi mframa mu, nsuo a ɛyɛ hyew a wɔde fa mframa a ɛporɔw, ngo nsuo afiri a ɛwɔ nhyɛsoɔ kɛseɛ a wɔde fa afiri a wɔde twitwiw nneɛma mu, nsuo afiri a ɛwɔ nhyɛsoɔ kɛseɛ, mfimfini ne sua a wɔde yɛ wimhyɛn nsuo nhyehyɛeɛ ne nsuo a wɔde tintim nsuo a ɛyɛ nwini, abantenten a wɔde nsuo gu mu, ɔhyew sesa, kettle, abantenten ne tank. Nnuru mfiri nsɔano te sɛ ntama ne valve ahorow no adwumayɛ nya nkɛntɛnso kɛse wɔ afiri ne nnwinnade no nyinaa adwumayɛ ne adwumayɛ so. PTFE ade no wɔ su ahorow a ɛne sɛ ɛko tia nsɛe, onyin a ɛko tia, friction coefficient a ɛba fam ne nea ɛnyɛ nnam, ɔhyew a ɛtrɛw, ne elasticity pa, na ɛma ɛfata yiye ma nsɔano a nsɔano a ɛko tia ahwehwɛde a ɛkorɔn ne adwumayɛ hyew a ɛboro 100°. Te sɛ nsɔano a wɔde yɛ mfiri a ɛwɔ abon, ɔhyew sesa, nsukorade a nhyɛso kɛse, nkuku a ne kɛse yɛ kɛse, valve, ne pɔmpɛ, nsɔano a wɔde yɛ ahwehwɛ reaction nkuku, flat flanges, flanges a ne kɛse yɛ kɛse, shafts, piston abaa, valve abaa, Worm gear pɔmpɛ, tie rod nsɔano, ne nea ɛkeka ho.
2.The low friction adwumayɛ polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) na wɔde di dwuma wɔ adesoa applications.
Nnwinnade binom afã horow a ɛyɛ friction no mfata sɛ wɔde srade gu mu, te sɛ tebea horow a srade a wɔde srade gu mu no bɛpete denam nnuru a wɔde siw ano so na anyɛ adwuma yiye, anaasɛ wɔ krataa a wɔyɛ, nnuru, nnuan, ntama, ne nea ɛkeka ho mu Ɛsɛ sɛ nneɛma a wɔyɛ wɔ mfiridwuma mu no kwati ngo a wɔde srade gu mu, a ɛma PTFE nneɛma a wɔahyɛ no ma no yɛ ade a eye sen biara ma srade a ngo nnim (adesoa tẽẽ bearing) a ɛfa mfiridwuma ho mfiri afã horow ho. Eyi te saa efisɛ saa ade yi friction coefficient na ɛba fam sen biara wɔ nneɛma a ɛyɛ den a wonim no mu. Nea wɔde di dwuma Titiriw ne bearing ahorow a wɔde yɛ nnuru, mfiri a wɔde yɛ nkrataa, ne kuayɛ mfiri, sɛ piston nkaa, mfiri adwinnade akwankyerɛ keteke kwan, ne akwankyerɛ nkaa. Wɔde di dwuma kɛse wɔ aban adansi adwuma mu sɛ nneɛma a wɔde boa abɔntenban, dade a wɔde fa akwan a wɔde ayɛ dan atifi, nnuru akɛse a wɔde fa nsu mu, ne nsukorabea ahorow. Blocks, ne sɛnea wɔde di dwuma sɛ bridge supports ne bridge swivels, ne nea ɛkeka ho.
3.Applications of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) wɔ ɛlɛtrɔnik ne anyinam ahoɔden dwumadie mu.
Awosu mu adehwere a ɛba fam ne dielectric constant nketewa a PTFE nneɛma ma wotumi yɛ no enameled nhama a wɔde di dwuma wɔ micro motors, thermocouples, control mfiri, ne nea ɛkeka ho, PTFE anyinam ahoɔden insulation film Ɛyɛ insulating ade a eye ma manufacturing capacitors, radio insulating liners, insulated cables, motors ne transformers. Ɛsan yɛ nneɛma a ɛho nhia a wɔde yɛ mfiridwuma mu ɛlɛtrɔnik nneɛma te sɛ ahunmu ne ahunmu no mu biako. Fluorine plastic films a wɔde di dwuma no tumi fa oxygen mu kɛse na ɛma nsu a ɛyɛ hyew tumi fa mu kɛse. Wobetumi de saa permeability a wɔpaw a ɛyɛ permeability nketewa yi adi dwuma de ayɛ oxygen sensor ahorow. Wobetumi de fluoroplastics su a ɛma polar charge deviation wɔ ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro ne nhyɛso kɛse ase no ayɛ afiri a wɔde kasa, akasam, afã horow a ɛwɔ robɔt so, ne nea ɛkeka ho, na wobetumi de wɔn refraction a ɛba fam no adi dwuma. Su ahorow a ɛwɔ adwumayɛ a ɛkorɔn mu no betumi ayɛ optical fibers.
4.Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) a wɔde di dwuma wɔ aduruyɛ mu.
PTFE ade a wɔatrɛw mu no yɛ nea ɛnyɛ adwuma ara kwa na ɛwɔ abɔde a nkwa wom a ɛyɛ den yiye a ɛtumi sesa. Ɛremma nipadua no pow na enni nipadua mu nkɛntɛnso bɔne biara wɔ onipa nipadua so. Wobetumi afa ɔkwan biara so ayɛ no sterilized. Ne microporous nhyehyɛe no ma wotumi de di dwuma wɔ ano aduru ahorow a wɔde siesie nipadua no mu, a mogya ntini a wɔde ayɛ ne patches a wɔde yɛ ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wɔsan yɛ no foforo ne oprehyɛn nhama a wɔde yɛ ntini, koma, aman nyinaa ne nnompe oprehyɛn ka ho.
5.Application a ɛko tia dua su a ɛwɔ polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mu.
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PTFE ade no wɔ soro nhyɛso ketewaa bi wɔ nneɛma a ɛyɛ den mu na ɛnbata ade biara ho. Ɛsan nso wɔ su ahorow a ɛne sɛ ɛko tia ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro ne nea ɛba fam ne nnuru a ɛnyɛ adwuma, na ɛma ɛfata ma nneɛma te sɛ nea wɔyɛ. Wɔde nkuku a ɛnyɛ nnam di dwuma kɛse wɔ nneɛma a wɔde ko tia nnua mu. Anti-adhesive kwan no titiriw ne ahorow abien: PTFE krataa no a wɔde besisi substrate no so na wɔde... PTFE coating anaa varnish a wɔde ahwehwɛ ayɛ wɔ substrate no so denam ɔhyew a ɛtwetwe so.
Ɛwom sɛ PTFE nneɛma da so ara wɔ ɔhaw a ɛyɛ den kɛse wɔ welding mu de, nanso esiane mfiridwuma mu nkɔso nti, ɛrenkyɛ na akwan foforo a wɔfa so yɛ nneɛma no bedi PTFE yaw nsɛntitiriw no ho dwuma na wɔde PTFE adi dwuma wɔ mfuw ahorow pii mu.
