Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) yɛ carbon ne fluorine polymer. Saa asɛm yi na ɛwɔ din a wonim no yiye sen biara: Teflon.
PTFE no agyapade bi ne:
Mfiridwuma mu nneɛma a ɛkyɛn so (<1%) .
Nnuru a ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye a ɛko tia nsu a ɛyɛ hyew .
Ɔhyew a ɛko tia .
Nneɛma a ɛwɔ friction mu a ɛba fam koraa .
Non stick properties(ɛnam ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro a ɛkɔ so yɛ 500°F (260°C)) so.
Ɛhyɛ a ɛyɛ den sɛ ɛbɛhyɛ .
Nneɛma a ɛwɔ soro a ɛyɛ hyew .
PTFE no su a eye kyɛn so no ma ɛyɛ adwuma ahorow pii, na wɔtaa de di dwuma sɛ ade a ɛnyɛ dua a wɔde kata aduan so. PTFE’s better wear resistance ma kwan ma wɔde ka nneɛma ahorow ho denam emulsion polymerization anaa suspension polymerization processing so ma ɛyɛ mfiridwuma mu nneɛma a ɛyɛ hyew a ɛyɛ hyew a ɛwɔ mfiridwuma mu nneɛma a ɛyɛ papa, te sɛ wire insulation, aduan-grade conveyor belt, ntama a ɛnyɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛnyɛ stick, ne nea ɛkeka ho.
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Wohuu polytetrafluoroethylene wɔ 1938. Mfiase no, Amerikani nnuruyɛfo Roy J. Plunkett (1910–1994) huu no bere a na ɔrebɔ mmɔden sɛ ɔbɛyɛ carbon ne fluorine a wɔde afra foforo no. Anka nnipa a na wɔwɔ hɔ saa bere no rensusuw saa ade a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yi ho. Nneɛma a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛma nneɛma yɛ kɛse no bɛka wiase no fã biara.
Wɔ afe 1941 mu no, DuPont nyaa saa ade yi ho tumi krataa na ɔkyerɛw aguadi agyiraehyɛde wɔ din 'Teflon' ase wɔ 1944 mu.
Mprempren, wɔde polytetrafluoroethylene adi dwuma kɛse wɔ nneɛma pii a wɔyɛ ne nkwa mu. Wɔ aduanma adwuma mu no, wɔde PTFE coated cookware di dwuma kɛse; Wɔ ntadeyɛ mu no, ntade a ɛyɛ nwini a ɛyɛ nwini a efi nneɛma a wɔde yɛ nneɛma te sɛ Helikon ne Carinthia nyinaa de PTFE di dwuma sɛ ade a wɔde kata so anaasɛ akyi. , sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobetumi agyina awɔw a emu yɛ den a ɛyɛ -30°C ano no ano; Wɔ asraafo afuw mu no, PTFE nneɛma a ɛyera, dielectric su a ɛkyɛn so, nea ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ, nnuru a ɛyɛ den, ne ɛkame ayɛ sɛ nsu a ɛtwetwe nsu biara nni hɔ a wɔde di dwuma kɛse wɔ radio frequency radar panel ahorow a ɛkorɔn mu. Wɔ aduruyɛ mu no, wɔde PTFE nneɛma nso di dwuma kɛse wɔ nipadua akwaa a wɔde nsa ayɛ mu.
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PTFE gyina hɔ ma polytetrafluoroethylene, nnuru asɛmfua a wɔde gyina hɔ ma polymer (C2F4)N.
Saa asɛm yi taa kyerɛ PTFE synthetic fluoropolymer biara a wɔakyerɛw din wɔ so. Nneɛma titiriw a ɛwɔ polytetrafluoroethylene mu ne nea edidi so yi:
Ɔhyew a ɛsen biara a wɔde yɛ adwuma (°F /°C): 500/260 .
Ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe ade wɔ ahomegye bere mu (PSI): 4,000 .
Dielectric daa (KV/MIL): 3.7.
Nkyekyɛm: 2.16 .
Elongation wɔ ahomegye bere mu: 350% .
Mpoano D a ɛyɛ den: 54 .
PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene synthetic fluoropolymer a wɔde di dwuma kɛse a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ su ahorow no wɔ brand ahorow a wontumi nkan dedaw, nneɛma atitiriw no te sɛ nea edidi so yi:
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Polytetrafluoroethylene yɛ linear polymer a ɛyɛ carbon (C) ne fluorine (F) atɔm, a nnuru a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu (C2F4)N, a N yɛ monomer units dodow.
Wobetumi ada PTFE nhyehyɛe adi sɛ: -CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2- .
PTFE molecule tenten no yɛ carbon atom ahorow, a emu biara ne fluorine atɔm abien wɔ abusuabɔ.
Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ fluorine atɔm kata carbon atom ahorow a ɛwɔ spiral polymer nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn no so no so. Carbon atom ahorow no yɛ nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn titiriw a ɛwɔ polymer nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn no mu. Fluorine atɔm no yɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛte sɛ kyɛm a atwa carbon atom ahorow no ho ahyia, a ɛbɔ carbon atɔm a ɛwɔ mu no ho ban yiye.
Saa atɔm nhyehyɛe soronko yi ma PTFE nya ne su soronko. Saa molecule nhyehyɛe yi boa ma PTFE honam fam ne nnuru a ɛso bi nni no ba.
Teflon yɛ fluoropolymer a ɛyɛ hyew, na Teflon asɛmfua a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi yɛ ade a ɛma ne ho yɛ hyew ne PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene).
Teflon yɛ chemours aguadi agyiraehyɛde, nanso, wobetumi atɔ PTFE nso afi nnwumakuw a ɛnyɛ chemours hɔ.
Teflon yɛ ade a agye din esiane sɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ ɛbɛbɔ, sɛnea ɛyɛ hyew kɛse, na ɛko tia nnuru nti.
Nokwarem no, Teflon yɛ polymer ade polymerized fi tetrafluoroethylene mu na ɛyɛ perfluorinated ade bi. Ne nnuru din ne polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Teflon nnuru nhyehyɛe yɛ soronko koraa. Molekyule nhyehyɛe ne sɛ F (fluorine atoms) si H (hydrogen atɔm) nyinaa ananmu wɔ C nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn no so. Bere koro no ara mu no, esiane sɛ fluorine atɔm no radius no sõ sen carbon atom no radius koraa nti, atɔm a ɛda ntam no yɛ kɛse yiye, enti ɛrente sɛ hydrogen atɔm, wobetumi ayɛ ho nhyehyɛe wɔ wimhyɛn mu, enti ɛkame ayɛ sɛ fluorine atom ahorow no wosow kɔ soro de kyekyere carbon atom ahorow no, na ɛno ara ne sɛ abɔnten so wiase no betumi ne nea wɔde wɔn ho ahyɛ mu no nkutoo aba.
Sɛ wɔde fluorine atom akwanside a ano yɛ den di dwuma a, Teflon polymer nhyehyɛe no gyina hɔ pintinn kakra sɛ wɔde toto nneɛma afoforo ho a.
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PTFE yɛ polymer a ɛyɛ polymer a efi tetrafluoroethylene monomer mu. Ɛyɛ wax a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaasɛ ɛnyɛ hann a ɛte sɛ PE. Ne density yɛ 2.2g/cm3 na ne nsuo a ɛtwetwe no nnu 0.01%.
Nnuru a ɛwɔ PTFE polymer mu no te sɛ PE de no, gye sɛ hydrogen atɔm a ɛwɔ polyethylene mu nyinaa yɛ fluorine atom ahorow a wɔde si ananmu. Esiane ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro ne CF nkitahodi no adwumayɛ a ɛyɛ den nti, ɛwɔ nnuru a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛko tia na ebetumi agyina acid a ano yɛ den nyinaa ano (a Aqua Regia ka ho) gye alkali dade a ayow, oxidizing media, ne sodium hydroxide a ɛboro 300°C. ne nea efi oxidants a ano yɛ den mu ba, nneɛma a ɛtew so ne nneɛma ahorow a ɛma nneɛma yɛ hyew.
F atom a ɛwɔ PTFE molecule no mu no yɛ symmetrical, na nneɛma abien a ɛwɔ CF bond no mu no yɛ covalently bond. Ɛlektrɔn biara nni molecule no mu, na ɛma molecule no nyinaa nni afã biara. Enti, ɛwɔ dielectric su a ɛkyɛn so, na ne anyinam ahoɔden a ɛbɔ ho ban no nnya nkɛntɛnso wɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ne mpɛn dodow a ɛba no so.
Teflon honam fam nneɛma .
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Ne volume resistivity no yɛ kɛse sen 1017, ne dielectric loss no sua, ne breakdown voltage no yɛ kɛse, ne arc resistance no ye, na ebetumi ayɛ adwuma wɔ anyinam ahoɔden tebea a ɛyɛ 250°C mu. Esiane sɛ hydrogen nkitahodi biara nni PTFE molecule nhyehyɛe no mu nti, nhyehyɛe no yɛ symmetrical, enti ne crystallization no degree of crystallization no yɛ kɛse yiye (mpɛn pii no crystallinity no yɛ 55%~75%, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛkorɔn te sɛ 94%), na ɛma PTFE yɛ ɔhyew a ɛyɛ den yiye. Ne hyew yɛ 324C, ne hyew a ɛporɔw no yɛ 415°C, na ne hyew a ɛsen biara a wɔde di dwuma no yɛ 250°C. Ɛyɛ brittle Ɔhyew yɛ -190°C, na ɔhyew a ɛkyinkyim no hyew (ɛwɔ 0.46MPa tebea horow mu) yɛ 120C.
Teflon ade no wɔ mfiridwuma mu nneɛma pa. Ne tensile ahoɔden yɛ 21 ~ 28MPa, bending ahoɔden yɛ 11~14MPa, elongation yɛ 250%~300%, na ne dynamic ne static friction coefficients nyinaa yɛ 0.04, a ɛyɛ papa sen nylon, polyformaldehyde, ne polyethylene. Coefficient of friction of cool plastics no sua.
PTFE a ɛho tew no wɔ ahoɔden a ɛba fam, ɛnyɛ papa sɛ ɛbɛko atia ɔbrɛ ne creep a ɛko tia no yiye. Mpɛn pii no ɛho hia sɛ wɔde nneɛma nketenkete bi a ɛnyɛ nkwaboaa ka PTFE polymer no ho, te sɛ graphite, disulfide kuw, aluminum oxide, ahwehwɛ nhama, carbon fiber, ne nea ɛkeka ho na ama ne mfiridwuma mu nneɛma atu mpɔn. , na wobetumi nso atrɛw mu denam polymers afoforo te sɛ polyphenylase (PHB), polyphenylene sulfide (PFS), polyethylene glycol (peek), polyethylene/propylene copolymer (PFEP), ne nea ɛkeka ho a ɛyɛ adwuma no so, na ɛma nea ɛko tia nsakrae no tu mpɔn.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ Teflon .
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Ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ no de chloroform di dwuma sɛ ade a wɔde yɛ nneɛma, de hydrofluoric acid a ɛnyɛ nea ɛyɛ hyew di dwuma de fluorinate chloroform, ɔhyew a wɔde yɛ ade no boro 65oC, wɔde Antimony pentachloride di dwuma sɛ ade a ɛma nneɛma yɛ hyew, na awiei koraa no ɛde ɔhyew mu mpaapaemu di dwuma ma ɛyɛ tetrafluoroethylene.
Wɔde suspension polymerization anaa emulsion polymerization na ɛyɛ AOKAi.
Nsiesiei a wɔde yɛ monomer tetrafluoroethylene .
Wɔ mfiridwuma mu no, wɔde chloroform di dwuma sɛ raw material, anhydrous hydrofluoric acid yɛ fluorinate chloroform, reaction temperature boro 65oC, antimony pentachloride yɛ catalyst, na awiei koraa no tetrafluoroethylene yɛ thermal cracking. Wobetumi ayɛ tetrafluoroethylene nso denam zinc a wɔde tetrafluorodichloroethane bɛyɛ wɔ ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro mu no so.
Nneɛma a wɔde yɛ polytetrafluoroethylene .
Wɔ enamel anaa stainless steel polymerization kettle mu no, wɔde nsu di dwuma sɛ medium, potassium persulfate na wɔde di dwuma sɛ nea efi ase, perfluorocarboxylic acid ammonium nkyene na wɔde di dwuma sɛ nea wɔde petepete, wɔde fluorocarbon di dwuma sɛ ade a ɛma ɛyɛ den, na wɔde tetrafluoroethylene di dwuma de nya powder polymerized polymerized. Tetrafluoroethylene.
Fa nneɛma ahorow a wɔde ka ho gu reaction kettle no mu, na tetrafluoroethylene monomer no hyɛn polymerization kettle no mu wɔ gas phase no mu. Siesie ɔhyew a ɛwɔ kettle no mu ma ɛnyɛ 25°C, afei fa activator dodow bi (sodium metabisulfite) ka ho na ama woafi polymerization ase denam redox nhyehyɛe so. Wɔ polymerization nhyehyɛe no mu no, monomers no kɔ so ka ho, na polymerization nhyɛso no kɔ so yɛ 0.49 ~ 0.78MPa. Wɔde nsuo a wɔapete a wɔnya wɔ polymerization akyi no ne nsuo a ɛwɔ mu no fra mu, na wɔsesa ɔhyeɛ no ma ɛyɛ 15 ~ 20oC. Bere a wɔde mfiri akanyan aboaboa ano akyi no, wɔde nsu hohoro mu na wɔma ɛyow, kyerɛ sɛ, wonya saa ade yi sɛ granular resin a ɛyɛ fɛ.
Teflon a wɔde kata so no ankasa yɛ nea asiane biara nni ho: Teflon ade ankasa nyɛ awuduru, ɛrensɛe, na ɛremma akwahosan ho asiane mma. Ebia eyi te saa efisɛ ne molecule nhyehyɛe no titiriw no ntumi ntew wɔ nnuru ankasa mu, na kampɛsɛ ayɛ nea onipa nipadua no ntumi nkɔ mu na ɛtwetwe.
Sua pii fa Teflon ahobammɔ ho .
Nea ɛyɛ PTFE a wɔde di dwuma ma no - .
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PTFE no su soronko no ma wɔde di dwuma kɛse wɔ mfiridwuma ne po so adwumayɛ mu te sɛ nnuruyɛ adwuma, petroleum, ntama, aduan, krataa a wɔyɛ, nnuru, ɛlɛtrɔnik ne mfiri.
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) a wɔde di dwuma wɔ nneɛma a ɛko tia corrosion mu:
Esiane sintɔ ahorow a ɛwɔ rɔba, ahwehwɛ, dade a wɔde afra ne nneɛma afoforo a ɛko tia nsɛe nti, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobedu tebea a emu yɛ den a ɔhyew, nhyɛso ne nnuru ho nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ bom tra no ho, na nea efi mu ba no yɛ hu yiye. Bere a PTFE nneɛma no wɔ corrosion resistance a eye kyɛn so no, polytetrafluoroethylene de nneɛma titiriw a ɛko tia nsɛe wɔ petroleum, nnuru, ntama ne nnwuma afoforo mu di dwuma.
Nneɛma pɔtee a wɔde di dwuma no bi ne: nsu afiri a wɔde fa nsu mu, nsu afiri a wɔde yi mframa fi mu, nsu a ɛyɛ hyew a wɔde fa mframa a ɛyɛ hyew, ngo a ɛwɔ nhyɛso kɛse a wɔde yɛ afiri a wɔde twitwiw nneɛma, nsu afiri a ɛkorɔn, mfinimfini ne nea ɛba fam a wɔde yɛ wimhyɛn mu nsu nhyehyɛe ne mfiri a wɔde tintim nhoma a ɛyɛ nwini, abantenten a wɔde yɛ nsu a wɔde yɛ nneɛma, ɔhyew a wɔde sesa nneɛma, kettle, abantenten ne nsukorabea. Nnuruyɛ mfiri nsɔano te sɛ linings ne valves a ɛyɛ adwuma no nya nkɛntɛnso kɛse wɔ afiri ne mfiri no nyinaa a ɛyɛ adwuma yiye ne sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma no so. PTFE nneɛma no wɔ su a ɛne corrosion resistance, aging resistance, low friction coefficient ne non-stickiness, wide temperature range, ne elasticity pa, a ɛma ɛfata yiye ma manufacturing seals a corrosion resistance ahwehwɛde a ɛkorɔn ne adwumayɛ hyew a ɛboro 100°. te sɛ nsɔano a wɔde yɛ mfiri, ɔhyew a wɔde sesa nneɛma, ntini a ɛwɔ nhyɛso kɛse, nsukorade akɛse, valve, ne pɔmpɛ, nsɔano ma ahwehwɛ a wɔde yɛ nneɛma, flanges a ɛyɛ tratraa, flanges akɛse, nnua, piston abaa, valve abaa, worm gear pumps, tie rod seals, etc.
2.Wɔde polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) a ɛba fam no di dwuma wɔ adesoa a wɔde di dwuma mu.
Nnwinnade binom a ɛbɔ no mfata sɛ wɔde srade gu mu, te sɛ tebea horow a srade a wɔde srade gu mu bɛpete na ayɛ nea entumi nyɛ adwuma, anaasɛ wɔ nkrataa a wɔyɛ mu no, nnuru, aduan, ntama, ne nea ɛkeka ho a ɛwɔ mfiridwuma mu no, ɛsɛ sɛ nneɛma a wɔde yɛ adwuma wɔ mfiridwuma mu no kwati ngo a wɔde gugu ngo ho fĩ, a wɔde nneɛma a wɔde yɛ ngo a wɔde yɛ ngo no yɛ nneɛma a wɔde yɛ ngo a wɔde yɛ ideal ideal material the ideal material the ideal material the material the material the material the material for material the material at material. Eyi te saa efisɛ saa ade yi mu friction coefficient no yɛ nea ɛba fam koraa wɔ nneɛma a ɛyɛ den a wonim mu. Nea wɔde di dwuma pɔtee ne bearing a wɔde yɛ nnuru, mfiri a wɔde yɛ nkrataa, ne kuayɛ mfiri, sɛ piston rings, mfiri adwinnade akwankyerɛ keteke kwan, ne akwankyerɛ nkaa. Wɔde di dwuma kɛse wɔ ɔmanfo adansi adwuma mu sɛ mmoa a wɔde gyina abɔnten so, tunel steel structure roof trusses, nnuru akɛse a wɔde fa nsu mu, ne nsukorabea a wɔde nneɛma gu mu. Blocks, ne sɛnea wɔde di dwuma sɛ bridge supports ne bridge swivels, ne nea ɛkeka ho.
3.Applications of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) wɔ ɛlɛtrɔnik ne anyinam ahoɔden mu.
PTFE nneɛma a ɛba fam a ɛba fam ne dielectric constant nketewa a ɛwɔ mu no ma wotumi yɛ no nhama a wɔde enameled ayɛ a wɔde di dwuma wɔ micro motors, thermocouples, control devices, ne nea ɛkeka ho, PTFE anyinam ahoɔden a wɔde siw ano sini Ɛyɛ ade a eye a ɛma nneɛma a wɔde yɛ nneɛma a ɛma ahoɔden a wɔde yɛ nneɛma, radio a wɔde siw mframa ano, nhama a wɔde hyɛ nsu mu, mfiri a wɔde yɛ mfiri ne nsakrae. Ɛsan nso yɛ nneɛma a ɛho hia ma mfiridwuma mu ɛlɛtrɔnik nneɛma te sɛ ahunmu ne ahunmu no mu biako. Fluorine plastic film a wɔde di dwuma no wɔ oxygen a ɛkɔ mu kɛse na ɛma nsu a ɛyɛ hyew no tumi fa mu kɛse. Wobetumi de saa selective permeability yi a ɛfa permeability nketewa ho no adi dwuma de ayɛ oxygen sensor ahorow. Wobetumi de fluoroplastics a ɛma polar charge deviation no su wɔ ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro ne nhyɛso kɛse mu no su ahorow no adi dwuma de ayɛ afiri a wɔde kasa, akasam, afã horow a ɛwɔ robɔt so, ne nea ɛkeka ho, na wɔde wɔn refraction a ɛba fam no adi dwuma. Su a ɛwɔ ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn mu no betumi ama optical fibers.
4.Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) a wɔde di dwuma wɔ aduruyɛ mu.
PTFE ade a wɔatrɛw mu no yɛ nea ɛnyɛ adwuma ara kwa na ɛwɔ abɔde mu nsakrae a emu yɛ den yiye. Ɛremma nipadua no pow na enni nipadua mu nsunsuanso biara wɔ onipa nipadua so. Wobetumi de ɔkwan biara so ayɛ no sterilized. Ne microporous nhyehyɛe no ma wotumi de di dwuma wɔ rehabilitation solutions ahorow mu, a nea ɛka ho ne mogya ntini a wɔde ayɛ ne nsensanee a wɔde yɛ ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wɔsan yɛ no foforo ne oprehyɛn nhama a wɔde yɛ ntini, koma, oprehyɛn a wɔyɛ no nyinaa ne nnompe mu oprehyɛn.
5.Akwan a wɔfa so de polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) di dwuma.
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PTFE ade no wɔ soro nhyɛso ketewaa bi wɔ nneɛma a ɛyɛ den mu na enni ade biara so. Ɛsan nso wɔ su a ɛne ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro ne nea ɛba fam a ɛko tia ne nnuru a ɛnyɛ adwuma, na ɛma ɛfata sɛ wɔde di dwuma te sɛ nea wɔyɛ. Wɔde pan a ɛnyɛ stick di dwuma kɛse wɔ anti-stick applications mu. Anti-adhesive nhyehyɛe no titiriw ne ahorow abien: PTFE krataa no a wɔde bɛhyɛ substrate no so na wɔde asi hɔ . PTFE coating anaa varnish a wɔde ahwehwɛ ayɛ wɔ substrate no so denam ɔhyew a ɛtwetwe so.
Sua pii fa PTFE coatings ho .
Ɛwom sɛ PTFE nneɛma da so ara wɔ ɔhaw a ɛne sɛ welding yɛ den kɛse de, nanso bere a mfiridwuma anya nkɔso no, ɛrenkyɛ na akwan foforo a wɔfa so yɛ nneɛma no adi PTFE ɛyaw nsɛntitiriw ho dwuma na wɔde PTFE adi dwuma wɔ mfuw a ɛtrɛw mu.
