Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) shine nau'in carbon da fluorine polymer. Wannan abu yana da mafi yawan sanannun suna: Teflon.
Abubuwan PTFE sun haɗa da:
Kyawawan kaddarorin inji (<1%)
Chemical inertness lalata juriya
Juriya mai zafi
Mafi ƙarancin ƙididdiga na gogayya
Abubuwan da ba na sanda ba (yana jure ci gaba da yanayin zafi na 500°F (260°c))
Saka juriya
Babban narkewa
Kyawawan kaddarorin PTFE suna ba shi aikace-aikace da yawa, kuma ana amfani da shi azaman abin rufe fuska mara amfani don dafa abinci. PTFE ta mafi kyau lalacewa juriya damar da za a hade da daban-daban kayan ta hanyar emulsion polymerization ko dakatar polymerization aiki don samar da high thermal-resistant masana'antu kayayyakin da kyau kwarai inji Properties, kamar waya rufi, abinci-sa conveyor bel, m wadanda ba sanda yadudduka, da dai sauransu.
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An gano Polytetrafluoroethylene a cikin 1938. Masanin kimiyyar sinadarai na Amurka Roy J. Plunkett (1910-1994) ne ya gano shi a asali lokacin da yake ƙoƙarin yin sabon firiji na carbon da fluorine. Mutane a lokacin ba za su yi tunanin wannan samfurin na yau da kullum ba. Hanyoyi masu ban mamaki zasu shafi kowane bangare na duniya.
A cikin 1941, DuPont ya sami takardar shaidar wannan samfur kuma ya yi rajistar alamar kasuwanci a ƙarƙashin sunan 'Teflon' a cikin 1944.
A zamanin yau, an yi amfani da polytetrafluoroethylene sosai a yawancin fannonin samarwa da rayuwa. A cikin masana'antar abinci, ana amfani da kayan dafa abinci mai rufi na PTFE; a cikin masana'antar tufafi, manyan tufafin da ba su da sanyi daga masana'anta irin su HELIKON da Carinthia duk suna amfani da PTFE azaman rufi ko waje. , don samun damar yin tsayayya da tsananin sanyi na -30 ° C; a cikin soja filin, PTFE kayan da low hasãra, m dielectric Properties, mai kyau daidaito, barga sinadaran Properties, kuma kusan babu danshi sha ana amfani da ko'ina a high rediyo mita radar bangarori. A fannin likitanci, ana kuma amfani da kayan PTFE sosai a cikin sassan jikin wucin gadi.
Menene PTFE Ya Tsaya Don?
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PTFE yana nufin polytetrafluoroethylene, kalmar sinadarai don polymer (C2F4) n.
Wannan abu gabaɗaya yana nufin kowane sambanin ptfe roba fluoropolymer. Babban halayen polytetrafluoroethylene sune kamar haka:
Matsakaicin zafin aiki (°F /°C): 500/260
Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfi a Lokacin Hutu (PSI): 4,000
Dielectric akai-akai (kV/mil): 3.7
Matsakaicin: 2.16
Tsawaita lokacin hutu: 350%
Tekun D Tauri: 54
ptfe polytetrafluoroethylene roba fluoropolymer da aka yi amfani da shi da yawa tare da halaye na sama sun riga sun sami ƙima iri-iri, manyan samfuran sune kamar haka:
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Polytetrafluoroethylene shine polymer madaidaiciya wanda ya ƙunshi carbon (C) da atom ɗin fluorine (F), tare da tsarin sinadarai (C2F4) n, inda n shine adadin raka'o'in monomer.
Ana iya bayyana tsarin PTFE kamar: -CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-
Dogon sarkar kwayoyin PTFE an yi shi ne da sinadarin carbon, kowannensu yana da nasaba da atom din fluorine guda biyu.
Atom ɗin fluorine sun kusan rufe saman atom ɗin carbon na sarkar polymer karkace. The carbon atoms samar da babban sarkar polymer. Ƙwayoyin zarra na fluorine suna samar da tsari mai kama da garkuwa a kusa da atom ɗin carbon, wanda ke ba da kariya ga ƙwayoyin carbon na ciki.
Wannan tsari na musamman na atom yana ba PTFE kyawawan kaddarorin sa. Wannan tsarin kwayoyin halitta yana ba da gudummawa ga kaddarorin jiki da sinadarai mara misaltuwa na PTFE.
Teflon shine thermoplastic fluoropolymer, kuma Teflon acronym shine PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene).
Teflon alamar kasuwanci ce ta Chemours, duk da haka, ana iya siyan PTFE daga kamfanoni ban da Chemours.
Teflon sanannen abu ne saboda ƙarancin juriya, juriya mai zafi, da juriya na sinadarai.
Tabbas, Teflon wani abu ne na polymer wanda aka sanya shi daga tetrafluoroethylene kuma nau'in abu ne na perfluorinated. Sunan sinadarai shine polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Tsarin sinadarai na Teflon na musamman ne. Tsarin kwayoyin halitta shine F (atom ɗin fluorine) ya maye gurbin duk H (atom ɗin hydrogen) akan sarkar C. A lokaci guda kuma, saboda radius na zarra na fluorine ya fi radius na carbon atom girma, tunkuɗewa tsakanin atom ɗin yana da girma sosai, don haka ba zai zama Kamar hydrogen atom ba, ana iya shirya su a cikin jirgin sama, don haka atom ɗin fluorine ya kusan karkace har ya nannade carbon atom, ta yadda duniyar waje za ta iya shiga cikin hulɗa da na'urar fluorine kawai.
Tare da ƙaƙƙarfan shingen zarra na fluorine, tsarin Teflon polymer yana da inganci idan aka kwatanta da sauran kayan.
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PTFE polymer polymerized daga tetrafluoroethylene monomer. Yana da kakin zuma mai kama da PE. Yawansa shine 2.2g/cm3 kuma yawan sha ruwa bai wuce 0.01% ba.
Tsarin sinadarai na PTFE polymer yayi kama da na PE, sai dai cewa dukkanin atom ɗin hydrogen da ke cikin polyethylene ana maye gurbinsu da atom ɗin fluorine. Saboda ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa da kwanciyar hankali na haɗin gwiwar CF, yana da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata sinadarai kuma yana iya jure duk wani acid mai ƙarfi (ciki har da aqua regia) ban da narkakken alkali karafa, kafofin watsa labaru, da sodium hydroxide sama da 300 ° C. Kazalika sakamakon tasirin oxidants mai karfi, rage yawan wakilai da sauran kaushi na kwayoyin halitta.
F atom ɗin da ke cikin kwayoyin PTFE yana da ma'auni, kuma abubuwa biyu a cikin haɗin CF an haɗa su da juna. Babu electrons kyauta a cikin kwayoyin halitta, suna mai da dukkanin kwayoyin halitta tsaka tsaki. Sabili da haka, yana da kyawawan kaddarorin dielectric, kuma hasken wutar lantarki ba ya shafar tasirin yanayi da mita.
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Ƙarfin ƙarfinsa ya fi 1017 girma, asarar dielectric karami ne, rushewar wutar lantarki yana da girma, juriya na arc yana da kyau, kuma yana iya aiki a cikin yanayin lantarki na 250 ° C. Saboda babu hydrogen bond a cikin PTFE kwayoyin tsarin, da tsarin ne m, don haka ta crystallization The digiri na crystallization ne sosai high (gaba ɗaya crystallinity ne 55% ~ 75%, wani lokacin kamar yadda 94%), wanda ya sa PTFE musamman zafi-resistant. Matsakaicin narkewar sa shine 324C, zafin ruɓewarsa shine 415 ° C, matsakaicin zafin da ake amfani dashi shine 250 ° C. Yana da karye Yanayin zafin jiki shine -190°C, kuma zafin murdiya zafi (a ƙarƙashin yanayin 0.46MPa) shine 120C.
Teflon abu yana da kyawawan kayan aikin injiniya. Its tensile ƙarfi ne 21 ~ 28MPa, lankwasawa ƙarfi ne 11 ~ 14MPa, elongation ne 250% ~ 300%, da kuma tsauri da kuma a tsaye gogayya coefficients da karfe ne duka 0.04, wanda shi ne mafi alhẽri daga nailan, polyformaldehyde, da kuma polyethylene. Matsakaicin juzu'i na robobi masu sanyi kaɗan ne.
Pure PTFE yana da ƙarancin ƙarfi, juriya mara kyau da juriya mara kyau. Yawancin lokaci ya zama dole don ƙara wasu ƙwayoyin inorganic zuwa PTFE polymer, irin su graphite, ƙungiyar disulfide, aluminum oxide, fiber gilashi, fiber carbon, da dai sauransu don inganta kayan aikin injiniya. , kuma za'a iya fadada shi ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da wasu polymers irin su polyphenylase (PHB), polyphenylene sulfide (PFS), polyethylene glycol (PEEK), polyethylene / propylene copolymer (PFEP), da dai sauransu ta damping zazzabi kewayon, inganta juriya ga canji.
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Tsarin masana'anta yana amfani da chloroform azaman ɗanyen abu, yana amfani da acid hydrofluoric anhydrous don samar da chloroform, yanayin zafin jiki yana sama da 65ºC, yana amfani da antimony pentachloride azaman mai kara kuzari, kuma a ƙarshe yana amfani da fashewar thermal don samar da tetrafluoroethylene.
Ana samar da Aokai ta amfani da polymerization na dakatarwa ko emulsion polymerization.
Shiri na monomer tetrafluoroethylene
A masana'antu, ana amfani da chloroform azaman ɗanyen abu, ana amfani da acid hydrofluoric anhydrous don samar da chloroform, yanayin zafin jiki yana sama da 65ºC, ana amfani da antimony pentachloride azaman mai kara kuzari, kuma a ƙarshe ana samar da tetrafluoroethylene ta hanyar fashewar thermal. Hakanan ana iya samar da Tetrafluoroethylene ta hanyar mayar da zinc tare da tetrafluorodichloroethane a yanayin zafi.
Shiri na polytetrafluoroethylene
A cikin enamel ko bakin karfe polymerization kettle, ana amfani da ruwa azaman matsakaici, ana amfani da potassium persulfate azaman mai ƙaddamarwa, ana amfani da perfluorocarboxylic acid ammonium gishiri azaman mai watsawa, ana amfani da fluorocarbon azaman stabilizer, kuma tetrafluoroethylene shine redox polymerized don samun kyakkyawan polyethylene foda. Tetrafluoroethylene.
Ƙara nau'o'in addittu daban-daban a cikin tukunyar amsawa, kuma tetrafluoroethylene monomer ya shiga cikin kettle polymerization a cikin lokacin gas. Daidaita zafin jiki a cikin kettle zuwa 25 ° C, sannan ƙara wani adadin mai kunnawa (sodium metabisulfite) don fara polymerization ta hanyar tsarin redox. A lokacin aikin polymerization, ana ci gaba da ƙara monomers, kuma ana kiyaye matsa lamba na polymerization a 0.49 ~ 0.78MPa. Watsawa da aka samu bayan polymerization an diluted zuwa wani taro tare da ruwa, kuma ana daidaita yawan zafin jiki zuwa 15 ~ 20ºC. Bayan tarawa tare da motsi na inji, an wanke shi da ruwa kuma an bushe shi, wato, Ana samun wannan samfurin a matsayin resin granular mai kyau.
Rufin Teflon kanta yana da lafiya: Teflon abu da kansa ba mai guba bane, ba zai lalace ba, kuma ba zai haifar da haɗarin lafiya ba. Watakila hakan ya faru ne saboda tsarinsa na kwayoyin halitta a zahiri ba ya narkewa a cikin sinadarai na gaske, balle a ce jikin mutum ya narkar da shi.
Ƙara koyo game da amincin Teflon
Menene PTFE Ake Amfani dashi?
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Abubuwan musamman na PTFE sun sanya shi amfani da shi sosai a masana'antu da ayyukan ruwa kamar masana'antar sinadarai, man fetur, yadi, abinci, yin takarda, magani, kayan lantarki da injina.
Aikace-aikace na polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) a cikin abubuwan lalata:
Saboda lahani a cikin juriya na lalata na roba, gilashi, gami da ƙarfe da sauran kayan, yana da wahala a hadu da yanayi mai tsauri inda zazzabi, matsa lamba da kafofin watsa labarai na sinadarai ke rayuwa tare, kuma sakamakon asarar yana da ban tsoro. Duk da yake PTFE abu yana da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata, polytetrafluoroethylene yana amfani da manyan abubuwan da ba su da lahani a cikin man fetur, sunadarai, yadi da sauran masana'antu.
Aikace-aikace na musamman sun haɗa da: bututun isarwa, bututun shaye-shaye, bututun tururi don jigilar iskar gas, bututun mai mai ƙarfi don mirgina, bututu mai tsayi, matsakaici da ƙarancin ƙarfi don tsarin injin jirgin sama da tsarin latsa sanyi, hasumiya mai distillation, masu musayar zafi, kettles, hasumiya da tankuna. Ayyukan hatimi na kayan aikin sinadarai irin su linings da bawuloli suna da tasiri mai yawa akan inganci da aikin na'ura da kayan aiki duka. PTFE abu yana da halaye na lalata juriya, tsufa juriya, low gogayya coefficient da kuma rashin danko, fadi da zafin jiki kewayon, kuma mai kyau elasticity, sa shi sosai dace da masana'anta hatimi da high lalata juriya bukatun da aiki yanayin zafi sama da 100 °. Irin su like for grooved flanges na inji, zafi Exchangers, high-matsi tasoshin, manyan-diamita tasoshin, bawuloli, da farashinsa, like for gilashin dauki tukwane, lebur flanges, manyan-diamita flanges, shafts, piston sanduna, bawul sanduna, tsutsa gear farashinsa, ƙulla sanda hatimi, da dai sauransu.
2.The low gogayya yi na polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) da ake amfani da load aikace-aikace.
The gogayya sassa na wasu kayan aiki ba dace da lubrication, kamar a cikin yanayi inda lubricating maiko za a narkar da ta kaushi da kuma zama m, ko a papermaking, Pharmaceuticals, abinci, Textiles, da dai sauransu Products a cikin masana'antu filin bukatar kauce wa lubricating man gurbatawa, wanda ya sa cika PTFE kayan da mafi manufa kayan aikin man fetur-free kayan aiki na inji-free kayan aiki. Wannan saboda ƙarancin juzu'i na wannan kayan shine mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin sanannun kayan aiki masu ƙarfi. Ƙayyadaddun amfaninsa sun haɗa da bearings don kayan aikin sinadarai, injunan yin takarda, da injinan noma, azaman zoben piston, rails jagorar kayan aikin inji, da zoben jagora. Ana amfani da su sosai a cikin ayyukan gine-ginen jama'a azaman nunin faifai don gadoji, tutocin rufin tsarin rami na ƙarfe, manyan bututun sinadarai, da tankunan ajiya. Tubalan, da kuma amfani da su azaman tallafin gada da jujjuyawar gada, da sauransu.
3.Applications na polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) a cikin lantarki da lantarki aikace-aikace.
Ƙarƙashin ƙarancin hasara da ƙananan dielectric akai-akai na kayan PTFE suna ba da damar yin amfani da su a cikin wayoyi masu enameled don amfani da su a cikin micro Motors, thermocouples, na'urorin sarrafawa, da dai sauransu, PTFE na'urar rufewa na lantarki Yana da kayan haɓakawa mai mahimmanci don masana'anta capacitors, radiyo masu rufewa, igiyoyi masu rufewa, motoci da masu canzawa. Hakanan yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ba dole ba don abubuwan lantarki na masana'antu kamar sararin samaniya da sararin samaniya. Yin amfani da fina-finan filastik na fluorine yana da haɓakar haɓakar iskar oxygen da haɓakar haɓaka ga tururin ruwa. Ana iya amfani da wannan zaɓin ƙyalli na ƙananan ƙurajewa don kera na'urori masu auna iskar oxygen. Halayen fluoroplastics waɗanda ke haifar da karkatar da cajin iyaka a ƙarƙashin babban zafin jiki da matsanancin matsin lamba ana iya amfani da su don kera makirufo, lasifika, sassa akan mutummutumi, da dai sauransu, kuma ana iya amfani da ƙarancin refraction ɗin su. Halayen babban inganci na iya yin fiber na gani.
4.Aikace-aikacen polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) a cikin maganin likita.
Faɗaɗɗen kayan PTFE ba shi da ƙarfi kawai kuma yana da ƙarfin daidaita yanayin halitta. Ba zai haifar da ƙin yarda da jiki ba kuma ba shi da lahani na ilimin lissafi akan jikin ɗan adam. Ana iya haifuwa ta kowace hanya. Tsarinsa na microporous yana ba da damar yin amfani da shi a cikin hanyoyin gyarawa iri-iri, ciki har da tasoshin jini na wucin gadi da faci don farfadowa na nama mai laushi da sutures na tiyata don jijiyoyin bugun jini, zuciya, gabaɗaya da kuma tiyata na orthopedic.
5.Application na anti-stick Properties na polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
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Kayan PTFE yana da mafi ƙanƙanta tashin hankali a tsakanin kayan aiki masu ƙarfi kuma baya bin kowane abu. Har ila yau, yana da halaye na tsayin daka da ƙananan juriya da rashin ƙarfi na sinadarai, yana sa ya dace da aikace-aikace kamar masana'antu. An yi amfani da kwanon da ba na sanda ba a ko'ina a aikace-aikacen anti-stick. Tsarin anti-manne ya ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan biyu: shigar da takardar PTFE akan substrate da sanyawa PTFE shafi ko varnish hadedde da gilashin a kan substrate ta zafi shrinkage.
Ƙara koyo game da suturar PTFE
Ko da yake kayan PTFE har yanzu suna da matsalar babbar wahala a walda, tare da ci gaban fasaha, sabbin hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa za su warware matsalolin PTFE nan da nan kuma su yi amfani da PTFE zuwa faɗuwar filayen.
