Wannan labarin maida hankali ne akan aikace-aikace na PTFE high-zazzabi masana'anta a carbon fiber lebur composite kayayyakin. Matsi gyare-gyare: sanya tsakanin kyawon tsayuwa da prepregs hana epoxy resin adhesion, kunna sauƙi rushewa; sandwiched tsakanin ɓangarorin bakin ciki da yawa don guje wa mannewa juna. Vacuum jakar gyare-gyare: fim ɗin sake amfani da shi tsakanin prepreg da zane mai numfashi, ƙyale iskar gas / guduro yayin da ke ba da sauƙin kwasfa bayan warkewa; gefen textured yana canja wuri mai kyau na launi don inganta haɓakar haɗin gwiwa, kawar da sanding. Ci gaba da samarwa: bel ɗin jigilar kaya maras sumul yana ɗaukar prepregs ta wuraren dumama / latsawa; matashin matashin kai yana rarraba matsa lamba daidai gwargwado yana rage indentations na gida.

Wannan labarin yayi nazarin yiwuwar maganin harshen wuta don gyare-gyaren PTFE kuma yana kwatanta tasiri tare da corona da maganin plasma. Yiwuwa: harshen wuta na iya canza PTFE amma da wuya a yi amfani da shi a masana'antu - haɗarin aminci (PTFE yana lalata sakin HF mai guba da perfluoroisobutylene); iyakantaccen aiki (makamashi na sama kawai 30-35 mN/m, yana samar da layin iyaka mai rauni). Hanyoyin aiki: harshen wuta - iskar shaka mai zafi mai zafi (> 1000 ° C), ƙananan etching, ƙananan ƙungiyoyin oxygen; korona - Babban fitarwar wutar lantarki yana haifar da ozone / oxygen mai aiki, iskar oxygen mai laushi, ƙarancin ƙarfin kuzari ba zai iya karya shaidun CF ba; Plasma - ƙwayoyin makamashi masu ƙarfi / electrons / radicals masu kyauta kai tsaye suna raba CF bonds da ƙungiyoyin polar graft (hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino).

Wannan labarin yana kwatanta daidaiton hanyoyin gwajin digiri uku don mannen matsi na silicone. Abubuwan da ke narkewa (abin ciki na gel) yana auna juzu'in cibiyar sadarwa maras narkewa ta hanyar hakar Soxhlet - ƙima saboda ɓangarorin da ke da alaƙa da jiki waɗanda aka kuskure a matsayin haɗin kai, daidaitaccen ± 2-5%, daidaiton sinadarai mafi ƙasƙanci. DSC tana auna yanayin zafi mai zafi (α = 1-ΔHresidual / ΔHtotal) - abin dogara a ƙananan juzu'i zuwa matsakaici amma ƙima a babban juzu'i saboda raguwa-iyakancin ragowar ƙungiyoyi, maimaitawa <± 2%.

Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi ayyukan PTFE a cikin rufin rufin zafi don injunan makamai masu linzami. Hanyoyi guda hudu: Bazuwar Endothermic - PTFE depolymerizes a ~ 400 ° C zuwa tetrafluoroethylene (mafi yawan endothermic, ~ 3,000 ° C konewar iskar gas), ɗaukar zafi mai yawa da kuma fitar da makamashin thermal daga bangon bango. Transpiration sanyaya da kuma iskar gas film rufi - bazuwar iskar gas (tetrafluoroethylene) permeate waje ta micro-pores, cire surface zafi; Fim ɗin iskar gas mai gudana yana ware iskar gas mai zafi mai zafi daga bango, rage saurin zafi na kusa da bango ta> 50%; Fim ɗin iskar gas yana canza iyakar Layer gudu/zazzabi, yana rage ɓarnar ɓarna.

Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi tasirin illolin gamma-ray akan tsari da kaddarorin PTFE. Canje-canjen tsarin sinadarai: haskoki gamma suna karya manyan sarƙoƙi na CC da sarƙoƙin gefe na CF (G-darajar 3.0-3.5), yana haifar da ƙaƙƙarfan sarƙoƙi da faɗuwar nauyin kwayoyin halitta; a cikin iskar oxygen, radicals masu kyauta suna samar da peroxy radicals suna gabatar da acyl fluoride da ƙungiyoyin ƙarshe na carboxylic acid (hydrolyzing zuwa HF). Tsarin tsari yana canzawa: crystallinity yana tashi da farko (ƙananan kashi, gajeriyar sarƙoƙi sake tsarawa) sannan ya faɗi (mafi girman kashi, lahani ya rushe lu'ulu'u); lu'ulu'u lu'ulu'u sun rabu cikin ƙananan kristal tare da bacewar tsari mai tsayi. Lalacewar dukiya: elongation a raguwa ya ragu daga 0.1 kGy a cikin iska, rasa> 90% a ~ 1kGy - abu ya zama m da gaggautsa; Matsayin narkewa yana sauka daga 327 ° C zuwa ƙasa da 310 ° C; Ƙungiyoyin polar sun ɗan ɗaga dielectric akai-akai / asara; saman yana canzawa daga fari zuwa launin toka/baki tare da hasara mai sheki.

Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi hanyoyin da za a sarrafa crystallinity na PTFE shafi a kan Teflon high-zazzabi zane. Ka'idar sanyaya ta fi kai tsaye da tasiri: Saurin sanyaya (quenching) ta hanyar labulen iska mai sanyi, sanyaya rollers ko tankunan ruwa - sarƙoƙin ƙwayoyin cuta suna daskare kafin tsari, suna ƙirƙirar ƙananan lu'ulu'u marasa kyau; shafi yana da taushi, mai tauri tare da ingantaccen aikin da ba na sanda ba, dan kadan rage taurin / juriya. Jinkirin sanyaya (annealing) ta hanyar adana zafi a 10-50 ° C / h ko sanyaya tanderu - sarƙoƙi na ƙwayoyin cuta suna shirya cikakke cikin manyan spherulites; shafi yana da high taurin, fice lalacewa juriya, barga girma dabam, rage sassauci da kuma ƙara brittleness.

Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi aikace-aikacen Teflon mai zafi mai zafi a cikin tanda mai zafi da iska mai zafi. Yiwuwa: ana iya amfani da shi azaman matashin mara sanda akan bel ɗin raga ko trays lokacin zafin tanderu ≤260°C (bushewar zafi mara ƙarfi, cirewar ɗaure, slurry curing) - yana haɓaka haɓakar rushewa da ɗaukar inganci. An haramta shi sosai a matsakaici / yanayin zafi (300-950 ° C) - PTFE yana lalata sakin HF mai guba da perfluoroisobutylene, lalata kayan aiki da haifar da guba mai mutuwa. Ka'idar aminci: idan zafin tanderu ba a bayyana ba ko ba za a iya garantin ƙasa da 260 ° C ba, kar a yi amfani da shi. Mahimman abubuwa: ci gaba da sabis -70 ° C zuwa 260 ° C, gajeren lokaci 300 ° C; matsanancin rashin sanda da sinadarai; kyakkyawan rufin lantarki; ƙananan juzu'i (~ 0.04); Gilashin fiberlass tushe yana ba da ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.

Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi kewayon saurin layin na yau da kullun don layin samar da yanayin zafi mai zafi na Teflon. Matsakaicin saurin: samfuran bakin ciki na al'ada (0.08-0.30mm) a 0.5-3 m / min, barga a 1-3 m / min; lokacin farin ciki / samfuri da yawa (≥0.4mm) a 0.3-1 m / min; Layukan inganci tare da dogon tanda na iya kaiwa 3-6 m / min amma kayan aiki masu buƙata. Matsalolin tsari: bushewa da sintering na buƙatar lokacin zama (PTFE yana buƙatar 1-3 min a 380-400 ° C; rashin isa ya haifar da rashin daidaituwa / fashewa); Ana ƙayyade saurin ta mafi ƙarancin bushewa/lokacin ɓacin rai ƙarƙashin ƙayyadadden tsayin tanda. Matsalolin kayan aiki: manyan daskararru / tarwatsewar danko suna shiga sannu a hankali; Yadudduka masu kauri / masu yawa suna sha ruwa kuma suna canja wurin zafi a hankali; faffadan yadudduka masu saurin kamuwa da bambance-bambancen launi na tsaka-tsaki da ke buƙatar rage saurin gudu. Kayan aiki da ingancin ciniki-offs: dogayen tanda mai yankuna da yawa suna ba da damar saurin sauri.

Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi bambance-bambance tsakanin PTFE emulsions samar ta hanyar dakatarwa polymerization vs watsawa polymerization. Bayyanawa: polymerization dakatarwa ba zai iya samar da emulsion PTFE kai tsaye ba; emulsion na gaske na PTFE ya zo ne kawai daga polymerization watsawa. 'Hanyar dakatarwa' emulsion haƙiƙa ce mai ruwa da tsaki na dakatarwar ƙasa-polymerized resin micropowders. polymerization watsawa (primary emulsion): mai siffar zobe barbashi (0.1-0.3μm, kunkuntar rarraba), stabilized da perfluorinated surfactants, musamman high kwayoyin nauyi (> 94% crystallinity), karfi fibrillation, bukatar 380 ° C sintering ta samar da ci gaba m fim.

Wannan labarin yana nazarin tasirin nau'in mai kara kuzari na platinum da maida hankali kan haɗin gwiwar motsa jiki na roba na silicone na ƙari-cure. Nau'in haɓakawa: Speier catalyst (chloroplatinic acid, Pt⁴⁺) yana buƙatar raguwa zuwa nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i, yana aiki azaman precatalyst; Karstedt mai kara kuzari (Pt⁰ tare da divinyltetramethyldisiloxane) yana shiga cikin sake zagayowar catalytic kai tsaye. Nau'in Tasirin: Speier yana nuna lokacin ƙaddamarwa tare da S-dimbin curing curing (jinkirin da wuri, haɓakawa daga baya) da mafi girman ƙarfin kunnawa; Karstedt yana nuna babu ƙaddamarwa, babban ƙimar farko tare da kaifi exotherm, ƙananan kuzarin kunnawa.