Kodi Teflon Ndi Yotetezeka Bwanji Pansalu?

Monga ogula, timasakasaka zinthu zomwe zimasintha moyo wathu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zatsopanozi ndikugwiritsa ntchito Teflon munsalu, zomwe zimakondweretsedwa chifukwa cha zosagwira madontho komanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zoteteza nsalu. Komabe, funso limabuka nthawi zambiri: 'Kodi Teflon ndi yotetezeka bwanji munsalu?' Tiyeni tifufuze mozama mutuwu.

Pansi pa thambo lowala kwambiri, onyamula zikwama, okwera, ndi asitikali adalira ngwazi yobisika kuti atetezedwe ku zinthu: PTFE nsalu. Nsalu yodabwitsa imeneyi, yomwe anthu ambiri amaikonda chifukwa chakuti imateteza madzi, imapuma bwino, imateteza zinthu ku madontho, mafuta, ndi mankhwala, yateteza mwakachetechete anthu ambiri okonda kuyendayenda kumadera ovuta kwambiri ndi nyengo.

Komabe, si zonse zomwe zimanyezimira ndi golide. Mu 2019, cholembedwa chotchedwa 'Madzi Akuda' adajambula ngwaziyi moyipa kwambiri, ndikuwulula zoopsa zomwe zingawoneke pansi pachitetezo chake. Kukayikira ndi nkhawa zidadzaza anthu, ambiri a iwo adayamba kukayikira zachitetezo cha kuvala zovala zopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu izi. Bungwe la International Carcinogen Agency pambuyo pake linaika PTFE ngati Class 2B carcinogen, gulu lomwe limanong'oneza zoopsa zomwe zingachitike koma osafuula.

Lero, tikuyamba kufunafuna zathu: kuvumbulutsa zowona kumbuyo kwa nkhope yonyezimira ya Teflon ndikuzindikira, kamodzi kokha, ngati woyang'anira wamkulu wakunja ali wotetezeka monga momwe amanenera cholowa chake.

Teflon: Mawu Oyamba

Teflon ndi dzina la mtundu wa polima wotchedwa polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Ndi chinthu chomwe chimadziwika kuti chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapoto osamata, ndipo m'makampani opanga nsalu, Teflon amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kupanga nsalu zamadzi ndi zosagwira madontho.

Mu labotale ku DuPont ku United States, 1938, Dr. Roy Plunkett anapeza chinthu chosayembekezereka. Chomwe chinatuluka chinali cha ufa wabwino kwambiri, womwe pambuyo pake unatchedwa Teflon. Chophimba cha Teflon ichi, chotchedwa polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), chinkawoneka ngati chopanda pake. Koma maonekedwe angakhale onyenga.

Polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE, makamaka, ili ndi mawonekedwe apadera. Polymer yake imakhala ndi mpweya ndi fluorine, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mankhwala odabwitsa. Mwachidule, izi zikutanthauza kuti sizikusakanikirana bwino ndi mankhwala owononga. M'malo mwake, imakhazikika, ikukana kuchitapo kanthu kapena kuwononga.

Wina angafunse kuti, 'N'chifukwa chiyani zili zofunika?' Apa ndi pamene zimawala. M'dziko lodzaza ndi zinthu zomwe zimamatira, zomata, kapena zomangira, Teflon imakhalabe yosasamala. Chikhalidwe chopanda ndodochi, chophatikizidwa ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zotsika kwambiri za kukangana, zimapangitsa kukhala koyenera kwa zophikira zokutira. Choncho, mukazikazinga mazira a m'mawawo, amatsika pang'onopang'ono kuchoka pa poto.

Komabe, zabwino za Teflon sizimangokhalira kukhitchini. Chifukwa cha kukana kwake kutentha kwambiri, mafakitale osiyanasiyana amagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwakukulu. M’malo mwake, kupirira kwake kwa dzimbiri kumapangitsa kukhala chokondeka posunga ena mwa mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri.

Komanso, mukakhudza pamwamba pa Teflon, imamveka poterera, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake abwino. M'makonzedwe amagetsi, katundu wake wotetezera amasungidwa, kuteteza mabwalo ndi zipangizo kumayendedwe amagetsi osafunika.

Komabe, ndalama iliyonse ili ndi mbali ziwiri. Zikatenthedwa kwambiri, zophikira zophikira za PTFE zimatha kutulutsa utsi wa polima. Ndizosowa, koma utsi uwu ukhoza kuyambitsa 'polymer fume fever' mwa anthu, zomwe zimakumbukira chimfine. Anzathu okhala ndi nthenga, mbalame zoweta, zimatha kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi utsi wa polima.

Pakupanga kwake, mthunzi wina umakhala: kugwiritsa ntchito perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Pogwirizana ndi nkhawa za nthawi yayitali, mkangano wokhudza chitetezo chake unakula kwambiri. Pomvera nkhawa izi, opanga ku United States adaganiza zochotsa PFOA pakuchitapo kanthu.

Pomaliza, nthano ya Teflon ndi imodzi mwazinthu zatsopano komanso zosinthika. Kuchokera pakupezeka kwake mwangozi mpaka kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kofala, ulendo wake ukugogomezera zonse zomwe zingatheke komanso zovuta za zipangizo zamakono. Mofanana ndi zinthu zonse, ngakhale kuti zimapindulitsa kwambiri, zili ndi ife kuti tizizigwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru.

Kuwunika Chitetezo: Kumvetsetsa PFOA

Kwa zaka zambiri, chitetezo cha Teflon chakhala chikutsutsana kwambiri. Chodetsa nkhaŵa chachikulu sichinali cha Teflon (PTFE) yokha koma chogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Izi zakhala zikugwirizana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana zaumoyo, zomwe zikuyambitsa nkhawa pakati pa ogula. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti kuyambira chaka cha 2013, chifukwa cha zovuta zaumoyo komanso zachilengedwe, opanga zazikulu adasiya kugwiritsa ntchito PFOA popanga Teflon.

Teflon mu Nsalu Masiku Ano

Teflon yamasiku ano yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito munsalu imawonedwa ngati yotetezeka, popeza ilibenso PFOA. Chophimba cha Teflon ndi chitetezo cholimba cha nsalu, chomwe chimathandiza kuti zinthu zisawononge madontho ndikukulitsa moyo wa chinthucho. Ndi chinthu chomwe chimayamikiridwa makamaka mu zida zakunja, upholstery, ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimatha kung'ambika.

Kodi Pali Zowopsa Zilizonse?

Ngakhale kuti achoka ku PFOA, nkhawa zina zimakhalapo za chitetezo cha Teflon mu nsalu. Vuto lalikulu limabwera pamene zinthuzo zimatenthedwa kwambiri (kupitirira 600 ° F / 316 ° C), panthawi yomwe zimatha kutulutsa utsi womwe ungakhale wovulaza ngati utakokedwa. Komabe, mukamagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, nsalu zokutidwa ndi Teflon sizimafika kutentha uku, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwopsezocho chisakhalepo pakugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kuona Moyenera

Teflon amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nsalu nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotetezeka kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Zimapereka maubwino ambiri, kuphatikiza kukana madontho komanso kutalika kwa nsalu. Komabe, monga zida zonse, kumvetsetsa zomwe ali nazo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera ndikofunikira kuti mutsimikizire chitetezo. Zodetsa nkhawa zomwe zidanenedwa m'mbuyomu zidapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kofunikira pakupangira, kupangitsa Teflon yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito masiku ano kukhala yotetezeka kuposa kale.

Kumbukirani, kukhala odziwa zinthu zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse ndi gawo lofunikira kuti mukhale ogula ozindikira. Pamene tikupitiriza kuyamikira zatsopano zomwe zimapititsa patsogolo miyoyo yathu, tiyeneranso kulimbikitsa kuwonekera ndi chitetezo pazochitika zonse za kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.