Lapi ra fiberglass leri andlariweke (bulked yarn fabric) rihambana swinene na lapi ra ntolovelo ra fiberglass eka xivumbeko xa yarn. Hiku tirhisa vutshunguri bya high-pressure air jet, ti filaments ta nghilazi leti yaka emahlweni ta hambanisiwa, ti crimped, naswona ti fluffed kuva voluminous, cotton-like yarn. Leswi swiendla leswaku kuva na lapi ro tiya, ro olova leringana thermal insulation yale henhla (trapped air layers), conformability yo antswa, higher filtration efficiency, xikan’we naku antswisiwa ka tear/flex resistance – hiku durha ka matimba yale hansi nyana ya tensile. Yi tirhisiwa eka ti gasket ta mahiselo yale henhla, swifunengeto swa tiphayiphi, swikhwama swo sefa na swipfalo swa oven.

Ku basa ka switirhisiwa swoka swinga lulamisiwanga i masungulo ya matirhelo ya lapi ra mahiselo yale henhla ya PTFE. High-purity PTFE emulsion (ku hava ti ions ta nsimbi, kungari na masalela ya low-molecular-weight) yitiyisisa ku tiya ka kuhisa (ku hava ku tshwuka kuya fika eka 260°C), non-stick leyi tiyeke, na matimba yale henhla ya dielectric. Eka fiberglass, alkali-free E-glass (Na2O <0.8%) yi hlayisa matimba xikan’we naku pfaleriwa eka mahiselo yale henhla; nghilazi ya le xikarhi/ya le henhla ya alkali yi vanga ku onhaka. Ku susiwa hiku hetiseka ka weaving sizing agents swisivela carbonization na delamination. Ku basa swi khumba hi ku kongoma vutomi bya vutirheli, ku landzelerisa ka giredi ya swakudya, na ku tshembheka ka gezi.

Ku omisiwa kahle ka lapi ra fiberglass swina nkoka swinene eka PTFE coating leyi landzelaka, resin impregnation, kumbe lamination. Vutshunguri byinharhu lebyikulu: ku susa ndzhongho eka 105-120°C (10-30 min kuya hi ntiko), dewaxing/thermal cleaning eka 300-450°C (LOI <0.1%, papalata>500°C), naku hisa ka ha ri emahlweni eka 60-100°C loko kungase peta. Lawula kufana ka mahiselo ya oven (±5°C), ku sindzisiwa ku susa ndzhongho, naswona sirhelela malapi lawa ya tshunguriweke hi silane ehansi ka 110°C. Hlayisa lapi leri omisiweke eka swikhwama leswi pfaleriweke kumbe makamara yo oma (<30°C, <40% RH).

Thepi ya mahiselo yale henhla ya PTFE yina ku tiya ka kahle swinene ka munyu, kambe tindzhawu letinga tsana i leyara yo namarhela xikan’we na makumu ya fiberglass substrate. Maendlelo yo kambela: 1000h neutral salt spray (NSS) test, ku pima ku khomiwa ka matimba ya peel (≥80% swa laveka), ku tsandzeka ku vona (ku tlakusa, ku pfimba), na metal substrate corrosion. Eka tindzhawu tale lwandle na letingana nkungu wa munyu wotala: tirhisa silicone PSA (hayi acrylic), PTFE substrate leyi cheriweke hiku hetiseka, pfalela makumu hi sealant leyi nga lwisaniki na maxelo, naswona chela primer eka swiphemu swa nsimbi.

PTFE high-temperature fabric (PTFE-coated fiberglass) yile kusuhi naku pfumala ti khemikhali, kambe swilo swokarhi swivanga ku bola ehansi ka swiyimo swokarhi. Nhlaselo wo kongoma wa PTFE wuhumelela hi tinsimbi ta alkali leti n’okiweke (sodium, potassium), switirhisiwa swo tiya swa fluorinating (F2, ClF3) eka mahiselo yale henhla, na ti alkali to tiya leti n’okiweke ehenhla ka 300°C. Ku bola lokunga kongomangiki ku humelela loko hydrofluoric acid (HF), hot concentrated alkalis, kumbe phosphoric acid yo hisa yi nghena eka swihoxo swa coating naswona yi hlasela substrate ya fiberglass. Eka vukorhokeri bya tikhemikhali byo tlula mpimo, tirhisa filimi ya PTFE yo basa leyi nga riki na fiberglass.

Thepi ya mahiselo yale henhla ya PTFE yi lahlekeriwa hi ku namarhela endzhaku ka ku tirhisiwa ko phindha-phindha hikokwalaho ka ku thyakisa ehenhla (ntshuri, mafurha ya silicone), ku tsandzeka ka adhesive cohesive (masalela), kumbe ku boha ka substrate loku tsaneke. Switshuxo: high-crosslink silicone PSA (ku rhurha ka le hansi, balanced tack/holding power), vutshunguri bya primer eka substrate ya PTFE, dense fiberglass backing, na ku khoma kahle (swiphemu leswi tengeke, peel yo kufumela, 180° angle). Ku kamberiwa ka nhlayo swi tiyisisa ku antswisiwa.

Lapi ra mahiselo yale henhla ya PTFE (PTFE-coated fiberglass) rina ku tiya ka kahle swinene ka thermal shock endzeni ka ndzhawu ya rona ya ntolovelo yo tirha ya -70°C kuya eka 260°C. Yikota ku tiyisela ku rhendzeleka ka mahiselo hiku hatlisa, xikombiso, ku suka eka -50°C freezer kuya eka 260°C hot press. Ti grade ta premium ti pona hambi kuri ku kufumela ka xitshuketa kusuka eka 260°C kuya eka mati ya 10°C. Hambiswiritano, ku chavisa swilo leswi kusuka eka mahiselo yale henhla ka 300°C (ekusuhi na PTFE’s 327°C melting point) swita endla leswaku kuva na ku pandzeka ka xihatla xikan’we na delamination. Substrate ya fiberglass yinyika ku tiya ka dimensional; xifunengeto xa PTFE hi xona xi sivelaka.

Lapi ra mahiselo yale henhla ra PTFE ritirhisiwa ngopfu eka indasitiri ya tikhemikhali eka switirhisiwa swa nkoka swa nkombo: ti flange gaskets nati pipe linings (yi lwisana na ti acids/alkalis to tiya), ti reactor na ti tank linings (yi sivela ku bola ka nsimbi, ku basisiwa hiku olova), ti filter bags ta corrosive flue gas (kufika eka 260°C), ti anti-corrosion expansion joints ta ti ducts, anti-adhesion ti pads to welda, lapi ro humesa ra composite molding, na swifunengeto swo pfalela gezi/ku hisa. Tigredi ta FDA na UL ta kumeka.

Thepi ya mahiselo yale henhla ya PTFE leyi hlayisiweke ehansi ka swiyimo leswi vekiweke (10-25°C, 40-70% RH, ekule na UV/ntshikelelo wo tika) yina vutomi bya ntolovelo bya shelf bya 3-6 wa tinhweti (ti grade ta premium kuya fika eka 12 wa tinhweti). Swipimelo swa nkoka swa ku onhaka: matimba ya peel aya fanelanga ku hunguteka ehansi ka 70% wa nkoka wosungula; ku hava masalela ya namarheta endzhaku ko susiwa hi mahiselo yale henhla; ku hava carbonization kumbe ku pandzeka eka mahiselo lawa ya ringanyetiweke. Ku kamberiwa hi xihatla: manual unwinding feel, 260°C residu test, na lamination shrinkage test.

PTFE lapi ra mahiselo yale henhla (PTFE-coated fiberglass) rinyika swipfuno swa mune swa nkoka tani hi anti-corrosion lining: ku nga tirhi ka tikhemikhali (ku lwisana na aqua regia, ti alkalis to tiya, ti solvents), mahiselo yo anama (-70°C kuya eka 260°C kuya emahlweni, 350°C peak), ku tiya ka dimensional (<0.5% elongation), na vuandlalo lebyi nga namarheliki (ku olova ku basisa, swi sivela ku hlengeletana). Yi tirhisiwa eka tiphayiphi ta tikhemikhali, swihondzo swo susa sulphur, mathangi yo pickling, na switirhisiwa swa swakudya/pharma. Tigredi ta FDA ta kumeka.