PTFE lapi ra mahiselo yale henhla (PTFE-coated fiberglass) i xitirhisiwa xo sefa xa xiyimo xale henhla eka swiyimo swo tika: ku susiwa ka ntshuri wa gasi ya flue (semende, ku hisiwa ka thyaka, ti boilers ta malahla kuya fika eka 260°C), ku sefiwa ka mati lawa ya onhaka (acids, alkalis, oils), ku sefa ka swakudya/murhi leswinga sterile, na swisefo swa HEPA cleanroom. Xiphemu lexi nga namarheliki xi sivela ku caking ka ntshuri naswona swipfumelela ku basisiwa hiku olova. Ti membrane-laminated grades ti fikelela ku humesiwa ka swilo swale hansi swinene.

Lapi ra mahiselo yale henhla ra PTFE ri hlayisa ku pfaleriwa ka gezi lokunene kusuka eka -180°C kuya eka 260°C: volume resistivity >1013 Ω·cm eka 200°C, dielectric constant yitshamisekile eka 2.0-2.1. Ehenhla ka 260°C, PTFE ya olova, ya bola ehenhla ka 327°C, yi lahlekeriwa hi insulation hilaha kunga heriki. Ehansi ka 0°C, insulation ya antswisiwa kambe coating yi hundzuka brittle. Tshama endzeni ka 260°C kuva u kuma matirhelo yo tshembheka.

Lapi ra mahiselo yale henhla ya PTFE (PTFE-coated fiberglass) ri kahle swinene eka mabandhi yo fambisa swakudya hikokwalaho ka ku tiya ka rona ka 260°C eka kuhisa, -70°C ku olova ka xirhami, vuandlalo lebyi nga namarheliki, na ku landzelela FDA. Switirhisiwa swa nkoka: ti oven ta bakery (tibiscuit, xinkwa, pizza), switirhisiwa swo fambisa swakudya leswi oxiweke, tilayini to kufumeta swilondza, tithanele to titimela, swisirhelelo swo hisa, na ku phutsela hi roller. Swi hunguta ku tlanga hi nkarhi na nkarhi wo basisa.

Calendering – ku tshikelela lapi leri funengetiweke hi PTFE exikarhi ka ti mirror rollers leti hisiweke eka 360-380°C – swi cinca swinene xivumbeko xa le henhla, swivumbeko swa ku humesiwa, ku nga ngheni, na matirhelo ya michini. Yi hunguta ku khwaxa kusuka eka Ra 0.5-1.0 μm kuya eka <0.05 μm, yi pfala ti pinholes, yi antswisa ku tiya ka ku onhaka, kambe yi hunguta matimba yo handzuka xikan’we naku olova. I swa nkoka eka ti release liners na ku pfaleriwa ka gezi.

Kufana ka ku peta ka lapi ra mahiselo yale henhla ya PTFE swikumiwa hi swilo swa mune: ku endliwa ka ku peta (sayizi ya ti particle 0.15-0.35 μm, viscosity, solid content), endlelo ro peta & sintering (ku peta ka blade ku tsakeriwa kuva kufana), khwalithi ya substrate (weave pattern, pre-treatment), na ndzhawu ya vuhumelerisi (20-25°C, <60% RH). Dip + blade combined process yi ringanisela ku nghena na ku olova ka le henhla.

PTFE lapi ra mahiselo yale henhla na lapi ra silicone hivumbirhi bya swona switirhisa lapi ra fiberglass tani hi xisekelo kambe swihambana hi switirhisiwa swo peta (PTFE resin vs silicone rubber). PTFE yi humelela swinene eka ku nga namarheli, ku lwisana na ku onhaka, na ku lwisana na tikhemikhali ku fika eka 260°C. Lapi ra silicone rinyika ku olova lokukulu, ku pfaleriwa ka gezi, na ku tiya ka ndzilo (kufika eka 230°C). Hlawula hi ku ya hi leswi u swi rhangisaka emahlweni.

Lapi ra mahiselo yale henhla ra PTFE rinyika ku tiya ka ti khemikhali loku hlawulekeke, ku tiyisela ti acids to tiya, alkalis, ti organic solvents, na tigasi leti onhaka. Xihloko lexi xi hlamusela hi vuxokoxoko swilo swa yona leswi tiyeke, swipimelo (tinsimbi ta alkali leti n’okiweke, swiaki leswi tiyeke swa fluorinating), ni swilo swa nkoka swo tanihi mahiselo, ku hlangana ni ntshikilelo wa michini.

Ku cheriwa ka PTFE aswi pimiwi eka lapi ra fiberglass ntsena. Atikili leyi yi tivisa 7 wa ti substrates tin’wana – aramid, carbon fibre, PBI, porous metal, graphite, asbestos (phased out), na ti ceramic fillers – na swihlawulekisi swa tona swa maendlelo, swipfuno, swipimelo, na matirhiselo ya nkoka.

Xihloko lexi xi hlamusela leswaku hikokwalaho ka yini lapi ra fiberglass leri nga riki na alkali ri ri substrate leyi tsakeriwaka eka lapi ra PTFE ra mahiselo yale henhla. Yi katsa ku hlanganisiwa ka tikhemikhali hiku tirhisa ti silane coupling agents xikan’we na swivumbeko swa nkoka swa physical swofana na thermal stability, dimensional stability, na corrosion resistance – ku tiyisisa matirhelo yo leha eka tindzhawu to tika.