Fiberglass avɔ si wofa PTFE la le dedie vavã na nuɖuɖu ƒe kadodo ne wowɔe nyuie eye wozãe le mɔfiamewo nu. Nu yeye sia ƒoa PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) ƒe nɔnɔme siwo meléna ɖe nu ŋu o kple fiberglass ƒe ŋusẽ kple eƒe anyinɔnɔ nu ƒu ɖekae, si wɔnɛ be anyigba si woate ŋu azã le mɔ vovovowo nu la sɔ nyuie na dɔ vovovo siwo ku ɖe nuɖuɖu ŋu. FDA da asi ɖe PTFE dzi be woatsɔ aƒo nu kple nuɖuɖu, eye ne wozãe nyuie ɖe fiberglass ŋu la, eléa eƒe nɔnɔme si mewɔa dɔ o me ɖe asi. Gake ele vevie ŋutɔ be woakpɔ egbɔ be nusi wotsɔ blae la me gblẽ o eye woazãe le dzoxɔxɔ si wokafu me be woaxe mɔ ɖe nusiwo ate ŋu agblẽ nu. Ne wokpɔe tso adzɔnuwɔƒe xɔŋkɔ siwo wɔna ɖe ɖoɖo sesẽwo dzi kpɔkpɔ ƒe nyonyome gbɔ la, fiberglass si wofa ɖe PTFE ŋu naa egbɔkpɔnu si le dedie, si me aɖi mele o, eye wòwɔa dɔ nyuie na nuɖuɖu ŋuti dɔwɔwɔ kple nubablɛ dɔwɔƒewo.
![PTFE Avɔ si Wofa]( "PTFE Coated Fabric")
PTFE Coated Fiberglass kple Eƒe Nuɖuɖu ƒe Dedienɔnɔ ƒe Nɔnɔmewo gɔmesese
PTFE Coated Fiberglass ƒe wɔwɔme kple ewɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo
PTFE si wofa fiberglass avɔ nye nusi wotsɔ ƒo ƒui si ƒoa PTFE kple fiberglass siaa ƒe nɔnɔme tɔxɛwo nu ƒu. Wodzea ewɔwɔ gɔme kple fiberglass si wolɔ̃ ƒe gɔmeɖoanyi, si naa ŋusẽ kple didime li ke. Emegbe wotsɔa PTFE, si wogayɔna be Teflon, tsyɔa fiberglass-nu sia dzi to mɔnu tɔxɛ aɖe si wɔnɛ be wotsɔa nu tsyɔa nu ɖeka dzi eye wònɔa anyi didina la dzi.
Wozãa mɔnu vovovowo tsɔ ƒoa PTFE ƒe nutsyɔnu la, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye dip coating, spray coating, alo roller coating. Ne wotsɔe de eme vɔ la, wowɔa dzoxɔxɔ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ si woyɔna be sintering. Dzoxɔxɔ gã sia nana PTFE ƒe akpa sueawo ƒua gbe, si wɔnɛ be wosina eye wowɔa anyigba si le gbadzaa si nɔa anyi ɖaa si léna ɖe fiberglass-nu si wotsɔ wɔe ŋu sesĩe.
Nusi dona tso emee nye nusi kpɔa viɖe tso PTFE ƒe nɔnɔme siwo meléna ɖe nu ŋu o, siwo te ŋu nɔa te ɖe atikewo nu kple ŋusẽ kple dzoxɔxɔ si te ŋu nɔa te ɖe fiberglass nu me. Nu tɔxɛ sia si wotsɔ ƒo ƒui na be fiberglass si wofa ɖe PTFE ŋu nye tiatia nyui aɖe na dɔ geɖe wɔwɔ, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye esiwo ku ɖe nuɖuɖu ƒe kadodo ŋu.
Atikewo ƒe Dɔmawɔmawɔ Kple Nuɖuɖumenuwo ƒe Mawɔmawɔ
Susu vevi siwo ta wobua dometɔ ɖekae avɔ si wotsɔ fiberglass si ŋu wofa PTFE ɖo be ele dedie na nuɖuɖu ƒe kadodoe nye eƒe atike tɔxɛ si mewɔa dɔ o. Wonya PTFE be mewɔa dɔ o, si fia be mewɔa nu kple nu akpa gãtɔ, siwo dome nuɖuɖu hã le, le atikewo me o.
Atikewo ƒe liƒo sia tso carbon-fluorine ƒe kadodo sesẽ siwo le PTFE molecule la me gbɔ. Kadodo siawo sẽ ale gbegbe be womete ŋu gblẽna alo wɔa nu kple nu bubuwo o, le dzoxɔxɔ gã alo ne atike sesẽwo le wo me gɔ̃ hã. Esia wɔe be fiberglass si ŋu wofa PTFE ɖo la meɖea nu gbegblẽwo ɖe nuɖuɖu me o, eye mexɔa ʋeʋẽ alo vivi siwo le nuɖuɖu me hã o.
Alesi PTFE mewɔa dɔ o hã fia be medoa dɔlékuiwo ƒe tsitsi ɖe ŋgɔ o, si wɔe be wònye tiatia nyui aɖe na nuɖuɖu ŋuti dɔwɔwɔ ƒe nɔnɔme siwo me dzadzɛnyenye le vevie le. Nɔnɔme sia, tsɔ kpe ɖe eƒe anyigba si le gbadzaa, si me ʋuʋudedi mele o ŋu, na be wòle bɔbɔe be woakɔ fiberglass si ŋu wofa PTFE ɖo ŋu ahalé be nɛ le nɔnɔme siwo me nuɖuɖu mele o me.
Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe Tsitretsitsi Kple Eƒe Liƒo le Nuɖuɖu Ŋudɔwɔwɔ ƒe Nɔnɔmewo Me
PTFE si wofa fiberglass ɖea dzoxɔxɔ ƒe tsitretsitsi ɖedzesi aɖe fiana, si nye nu vevi aɖe si na wòsɔ na nuɖuɖu ƒe kadododɔwo. Nusi wotsɔ wɔe la te ŋu nɔa te ɖe dzoxɔxɔ si tso -100°F va ɖo 500°F (-73°C va ɖo 260°C) nu evɔ megblẽna vevie alo eƒe nɔnɔmewo mebu o.
Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe didime sia si keke ta na be fiberglass si wofa PTFE la sɔ na nuɖuɖu ŋuti dɔwɔwɔ vovovowo, tso tsikpe me nɔnɔ dzi va ɖo abolo ɖaɖa dzi. Le teƒe siwo vuvɔ le la, nusi wotsɔ wɔe la gakpɔtɔ te ŋu trɔna bɔbɔe eye megbãna o. Le dzoxɔxɔ gã me dɔwɔwɔwo me la, eléa eƒe nɔnɔme siwo meléna ɖe nu ŋu o kple eƒe xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe blibonyenye me ɖe asi evɔ meɖea nusiwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu la ɖe go o.
Ke hã, ele vevie be míade dzesii be togbɔ be PTFE ŋutɔ ate ŋu anɔ te ɖe dzoxɔxɔ si kɔkɔ wu nu hã la, zi geɖe la, dzoxɔxɔ si wokafu be woatsɔ awɔ dɔe na fiberglass si wotsɔ PTFE blae la anɔ abe 500°F (260°C) ene. Le dzoxɔxɔ sia godo la, afɔku li be nusi wotsɔ blae la nadze gbegblẽ gɔme, si ate ŋu agblẽ nu le eƒe nuɖuɖu ƒe dedienɔnɔ ŋu.
Ðoɖowɔɖiwo ƒe Mɔɖeɖewo Kple Dɔwɔƒewo ƒe Dzidzenuwo le Nuɖuɖu Siwo Kaka Nuwo Ŋu
FDA ƒe Sededewo kple Mɔɖeɖewo na PTFE le Nuɖuɖu ƒe Kadodo ƒe Dɔbiagbalẽviwo me
United States ƒe Nuɖuɖu Kple Atike Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe (FDA) da PTFE kple alesi wòsɔ na nuɖuɖu ƒe kadododɔwo kpɔ vevie. Woŋlɔ PTFE ɖe FDA ƒe Dukɔa ƒe Sedede (CFR) ƒe Tanya 21 lia me, vevietɔ le akpa 177.1380 kple 177.1550, siwo ƒo nu tso fluorocarbon resins ŋu.
Se siawo gblɔ nɔnɔme siwo me woate ŋu azã PTFE dedie le nuɖuɖu ƒe kadododɔwo me. Woƒoa nu tso akpa aɖewo abe nusiwo ŋu woɖe mɔ ɖo be woatsɔ awɔ dɔe, kpekpeɖeŋunu siwo woatsɔ awɔ dɔe, kple aɖaŋu siwo wozãna tsɔ wɔa woe ŋu. FDA ƒe mɔɖeɖea nɔ te ɖe dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me numekuku geɖe kple aɖiŋutinunya me numekuku siwo ɖee fia be PTFE le dedie ne wozãe abe alesi woɖoe ene dzi.
Enyo be míade dzesii be togbɔ be FDA da asi ɖe PTFE dzi be wòaka ɖe nuɖuɖu dzi hã la, ele be fiberglass si wotsɔ PTFE fafɛ wɔe wɔlawo nakpɔ egbɔ be yewoƒe atike tɔxɛwo ɖo se siwo katã sɔ gbɔ. Menye PTFE ƒe nutsyɔnu koe esia lɔ o, ke boŋ fiberglass substrate kple nusiwo wotsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu alo kpekpeɖeŋunu ɖesiaɖe si wozãna le ewɔwɔ me hã ɖe eme.
Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Ðekawɔha Kple Dukɔwo Dome Dzidzenu Bubu Siwo Ku Ðe Nuɖuɖu Ŋu
Tsɔ kpe ɖe FDA ƒe sededewo ŋu la, ele be avɔ si wotsɔ fiberglass si ŋu wofa PTFE ɖo la nawɔ ɖe dukɔwo dome dzidzenuwo dzi zi geɖe, vevietɔ le nusiwo wotsɔna ɖoa duta le xexeame katã gome. Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Ðekawɔha (EU) ŋutɔ ƒe sededewo le nusiwo woɖo be woatsɔ ado ka kple nuɖuɖu ŋu, si woyɔna be Sedede (EC) No 1935/2004.
Le ɖoɖo sia nu la, wobua PTFE be enye plastik eye wòle afɔɖeɖe tɔxɛ siwo wogblɔ le Sedede (EU) No 10/2011 me ku ɖe plastiknuwo kple nusiwo woɖo be woado ka kple nuɖuɖu ŋu la te. Sedede sia gblɔ nusiwo woate ŋu azã le nuɖuɖu ƒe kadodo ƒe plastikwo wɔwɔ me ƒe xexlẽdzesi nyui aɖe, siwo dome PTFE hã le.
Dukɔ bubuwo kple nuto bubuwo kple woawo ŋutɔ ƒe dzidzenuwo kple ɖoɖowo. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, Japan ƒe Nuɖuɖu Dzadzɛnyenye Sea le Japan, gake GB ƒe dzidzenuwo le China si ku ɖe nusiwo woatsɔ aƒo nu kple nuɖuɖu ŋu. Ele be adzɔnuwɔƒe siwo le taɖodzinu ɖom ɖe xexeame katã ƒe asiwo ŋu nakpɔ egbɔ be yewoƒe fiberglass siwo ŋu wofa PTFE ɖo la wɔ ɖeka kple dukɔwo dome dzidzenu vovovo siawo.
Dɔwɔƒe Tɔxɛwo ƒe Ðaseɖigbalẽwo Kple Dɔwɔnawo ƒe Nyonyome ƒe Kakaɖedzi ƒe Afɔɖeɖewo
Le sedziwɔwɔ godo la, fiberglass si ŋu wofa PTFE ɖo la dometɔ geɖe dia ɖaseɖigbalẽ bubuwo tsɔ ɖea woƒe adzɔnuwo ƒe nyonyome kple dedienɔnɔ fiana. Zi geɖe la, ɖaseɖigbalẽ siawo lɔa dodokpɔ kple agbalẽdzikpɔkpɔ ƒe ɖoɖo sesẽwo ɖe eme be woakpɔ egbɔ be nyonyome kple dedienɔnɔ ƒe dzidzenu siwo mewɔa tɔtrɔ o.
Ðaseɖigbalẽ mawo dometɔ ɖekae nye ISO 22000 ƒe dzidzenu, si gblɔ nudidi siwo le nuɖuɖu ƒe dedienɔnɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ ƒe ɖoɖo aɖe me. Togbɔ be zi geɖe la, wozãa dzidzenu sia na nuɖuɖuwɔlawo hã la, nusiwo naa nuɖuɖu ƒe kadodo abe fiberglass si wofa PTFE ene hã ate ŋu adi ɖaseɖigbalẽ atsɔ aɖe woƒe ɖokuitsɔtsɔna ɖe nuɖuɖu ƒe dedienɔnɔ ŋu afia.
Ðaseɖigbalẽ bubu si sɔ enye HACCP (Afɔkuwo Ŋuti Numekuku Kple Afɔkuwo Dzi Kpɔkpɔ Vevie) ƒe ɖoɖo. Togbɔ be wozãnɛ koŋ le nuɖuɖudɔwɔƒewo hã la, woate ŋu azã HACCP ƒe gɔmeɖosewo le nusiwo woatsɔ awɔ nuɖuɖu ƒe kadodo me be woakpɔ egbɔ be wokpɔ afɔku siwo ate ŋu ado mo ɖa eye wokpɔ wo dzi.
Adzɔnuwɔƒe geɖe hã wɔa afɔɖeɖe sesẽwo tsɔ léa ŋku ɖe woƒe nyonyome ŋu le woƒe nuwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo bliboa me. Esia ate ŋu alɔ nusiwo wotsɔ wɔe ƒe dodokpɔ edziedzi, ŋkuléle ɖe nusiwo wowɔ ŋu le dɔwɔwɔ me, kple nusiwo wowɔ ƒe dodokpɔ mamlɛtɔ be woakpɔ egbɔ be wotsɔ PTFE ƒe nutsyɔnu la de eme nyuie eye wòɖo nɔnɔme siwo katã hiã na nuɖuɖu ƒe kadodo zazã gbɔ.
Nuwɔna Nyuitɔ Kekeake Siwo Ku Ðe PTFE Coated Fiberglass Zazã Le Nuɖuɖu Ŋudɔwɔwɔ Me
PTFE Coated Fiberglass Products ƒe Dɔwɔnawo Ŋudɔwɔwɔ Kple Wo Dzi Kpɔkpɔ Nyuie
Be woalé fiberglass si wofa ɖe PTFE ŋu ƒe nɔnɔme siwo me nuɖuɖu mele o me ɖe asi la, eŋudɔwɔwɔ nyuie kple edzikpɔkpɔ le vevie ŋutɔ. Ele be ezãlawo naƒo asa na nu ɖaɖɛwo alo nusiwo wotsɔna ƒoa nu siwo ate ŋu avuvu alo agblẽ nu le PTFE ƒe nutsyɔnu la ŋu. Nu suesuesuewo gɔ̃ hã ate ŋu agblẽ nu le nusi meléna o ŋu eye wòate ŋu ana teƒe siwo nuɖuɖu ƒe akpa suewo alo dɔlékuiwo ate ŋu aƒo ƒu ɖo.
Wokafui be woalé ŋku ɖe fiberglass-nu siwo ŋu wofa PTFE ɖo ŋu edziedzi be woakpɔe ɖa be dzesi aɖeke mele wo ŋu be wovuvu alo gblẽ hã. Ne wode dzesii be nu aɖe gblẽ la, ele be woaɖɔli atike la be woakpɔ egbɔ be nuɖuɖua ayi edzi anɔ dedie. Ele vevie hã be nàwɔ ɖe adzɔnuwɔƒea ƒe mɔfiame siwo ku ɖe dzadzɛnyenye kple beléle nɛ ŋu dzi, si zi geɖe bia be woazã atike fafɛ siwo wotsɔna klɔa nu ŋu eye woaƒo asa na atike sesẽ siwo ate ŋu agblẽ PTFE ƒe nutsyɔnu la.
Nudzraɖoƒe nyuie nye nu vevi bubu si ana woalé be na fiberglass-nu siwo ŋu wofa PTFE ɖo. Ele be woadzra wo ɖo ɖe teƒe si le dzadzɛ, si me tsi mele o, si me ɣe ƒe keklẽ tẽ kple dzoxɔxɔ si gbɔ eme mele o. Ele be woaƒo asa na nu kpekpewo ƒoƒo ƒu ɖe fiberglass-gbadzɛ alo avɔ siwo ŋu wofa PTFE ɖo dzi be woagagblẽ nu le nusi wotsɔ blae ŋu o.
Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe Seɖoƒewo Kple Dzoxɔxɔ Gãtɔ Ƒo Asa na
Togbɔ be wonya fiberglass avɔ si wofa PTFE ɖe dzoxɔxɔ nu nyuie hã la, ele vevie ŋutɔ be woawɔ ɖe dzoxɔxɔ ƒe seɖoƒe siwo wokafu dzi. Abe alesi míegblɔe va yi ene la, dzoxɔxɔ si sɔ gbɔ wu si wozãna na fiberglass si wofa PTFE la anɔ abe 500°F (260°C) ene. Dzoxɔxɔ si gbɔ eme ate ŋu ana PTFE ƒe nutsyɔnu la nagblẽ, si ate ŋu agblẽ nu le eƒe nuɖuɖu ƒe dedienɔnɔ ŋu.
Le nuɖuɖu ŋuti dɔwɔwɔ me la, ele vevie be woalé ŋku ɖe dzoxɔxɔ ŋu nyuie ahakpɔ edzi. Esia le vevie ŋutɔ le dzoxɔxɔ gã zazã abe abolomeƒe alo nuɖuɖudzraƒewo ƒe nuɖuɖuwo ŋudɔwɔwɔ ene me. Dzoxɔxɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo zazã kple dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo siwo me kɔ ate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ŋu be woaxe mɔ ɖe dzoxɔxɔ si gbɔ eme le vo me nu.
Enyo hã be míade dzesii be togbɔ be PTFE ŋutɔ meƒuna o vaseɖe esime dzoxɔxɔ si nu sẽ ŋutɔ (anɔ abe 620°F alo 327°C ene) hã la, mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe nɔnɔme siwo le fiberglass substrate la ate ŋu adze gbegblẽ gɔme le dzoxɔxɔ si bɔbɔ wu me. Eyata dzoxɔxɔ si wokafu me nɔnɔ le vevie ŋutɔ be woalé nusi wotsɔ wɔe ƒe dɔwɔwɔ kple dedienɔnɔ siaa me ɖe asi.
Dzadzɛnyenye Kple Dzadzɛnyenye Ŋuti Ðoɖowo na Nuɖuɖu Siwo Ka Ðe Wo Nɔewo Ŋu
Fiberglass si ŋu wofa PTFE ɖo la ŋu kɔklɔ nyuie kple dzadzɛnyenye le vevie le nuɖuɖu ŋuti dɔwɔwɔ ƒe nɔnɔmewo me. Nya nyuiae nye be alesi PTFE meléna ɖe nu ŋu o la na be anyigba siawo ŋu kɔklɔ le bɔbɔe vie. Gake ele be woawɔ ɖe ɖoɖo tɔxɛ aɖewo dzi be woakpɔ egbɔ be wokɔ wo ŋu nyuie evɔ womagblẽ nu le nusi wotsɔ blae ŋu o.
Le dzadzɛnyenye edziedzi gome la, zi geɖe la, tsi dzodzoe kple atike fafɛ si wotsɔna klɔa nu ŋu sɔ gbɔ. Ƒo asa na dɔwɔnu siwo wotsɔna klɔa nu alo atike sesẽ siwo ate ŋu agblẽ nu le PTFE ƒe nutsyɔnu ŋu zazã. Wokafu avɔ falɛfalɛwo alo ƒumebɔbɔwo hena dzadzɛnyenye. Ne woklɔe vɔ la, ele be woatsɔ tsi dzadzɛ aklɔ anyigbawo dzi nyuie be woaɖe atike si susɔ ɖe wo ŋu ɖa.
Le dzadzɛnyenye gome la, ele be woazã atike siwo sɔ na nuɖuɖu siwo dzi woda asi ɖo be woazã ɖe teƒe siwo nuɖuɖu ate ŋu aƒo ƒui. Ele vevie be nàwɔ ɖe atikewɔƒea ƒe mɔfiamewo dzi ku ɖe susu tsɔtsɔ ɖo nu ŋu kple ɣeyiɣi si woatsɔ aƒo ka na ame ŋu. Le dzadzɛnyenye vɔ megbe la, ele be woagatsɔ tsinono aklɔ anyigbawo dzi nyuie ake.
Le nuto aɖewo siwo me wowɔa nuɖuɖu le me la, woate ŋu azã dzoxɔxɔ si wotsɔna klɔa nuɖuɖu ŋu. Zi geɖe la, fiberglass si wofa PTFE ate ŋu anɔ te ɖe dzoxɔxɔ ƒe dzadzɛnyenye nu, gake ele be woakpɔ nyuie be wòagawu nusi wotsɔ wɔe ƒe dzoxɔxɔ ƒe seɖoƒe o. Wɔ ɖe adzɔnuwɔƒea ƒe aɖaŋuɖoɖowo dzi ɣesiaɣi le dzadzɛnyenye kple dzadzɛnyenye ƒe mɔnuwo ŋu.
Nyanuwuwuw
PTFE si wofa fiberglass avɔ ɖee fia be enye nusi le dedie eye wòwɔa dɔ nyuie na nuɖuɖu ƒe kadododɔwo ne wowɔe nyuie hezãe. Eƒe atikewo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie, dzoxɔxɔ ƒe tsitretsitsi, kple nusiwo meléna ɖe nu ŋu o ƒe ƒuƒoƒo tɔxɛ na wònye tiatia nyui aɖe na nuɖuɖu ŋuti dɔwɔwɔ kple e babla ƒe dɔ vovovowo. To sedziwɔwɔ ƒe dzidzenuwo dzi wɔwɔ, wɔwɔ ɖe mɔnu nyuitɔwo dzi wɔwɔ le eŋudɔwɔwɔ kple beléle na wo me, kple dzadzɛnyenye ŋuti ɖoɖo nyuiwo dzi wɔwɔ me la, dɔwɔƒewo ate ŋu awɔ viɖe siwo le fiberglass si wotsɔ PTFE ƒoe ŋu ŋudɔ esime wole ekpɔm be nuɖuɖu le dedie wu. Abe alesi wòle le nuɖuɖu ƒe kadodo ɖesiaɖe gome ene la, ele vevie ŋutɔ be woakpɔ fiberglass siwo ŋu wofa PTFE ɖo tso adzɔnuwɔƒe xɔŋkɔ siwo tsɔa nuɖuɖu ƒe nyonyome kple nuɖuɖu ƒe dedienɔnɔ ŋuti sewo dzi wɔwɔ ɖoa nɔƒe gbãtɔ.
Te Ðe Mía Ŋu
Ne èdi avɔ si wotsɔ fiberglass si ŋu wofa PTFE ɖo si le dedie si ɖo dedienɔnɔ ƒe dzidzenu kɔkɔtɔwo kekeake gbɔ na nuɖuɖu ƒe kadododɔwo la, bu eŋu kpɔ Aokai PTFE . Wowɔa míaƒe nutovɛwo pɛpɛpɛ eye wokpɔa wo dzi nyuie, si wɔnɛ be wowɔa dɔ nyuie wu eye wole dedie le nuɖuɖu ŋuti dɔwɔwɔ ƒe nɔnɔmewo me. Ne èdi be yeanya nu geɖe tso míaƒe fiberglass-nu vovovo siwo ŋu wofa PTFE ɖo kple alesi woate ŋu aɖe vi na wò nuɖuɖu ŋuti dɔwɔwɔwo ŋu la, te ɖe mía ŋu le mandy@akptfe.com . Na Aokai PTFE nanye wò hadɔwɔla le nuɖuɖu ƒe dedienɔnɔ kple dɔwɔwɔ nyuie me léle ɖe asi me.
Nusiwo ŋu woke ɖo
FDA ƒe nya. (ƒe 2021). Dukɔa ƒe Sededewo ƒe Se Tanya 21, Akpa 177 - Nuɖuɖu siwo Wotsɔ Kpe Ðe Nuɖuɖu Ŋu si Metso Tsã O: Polymers. United States ƒe Nuɖuɖu Kple Atike Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe.
Europa Dɔwɔha. (ƒe 2004). Sedede (EC) No. 1935/2004 ku ɖe nuwo kple nusiwo woɖo be woatsɔ ado ka kple nuɖuɖu ŋu. Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Ðekawɔha ƒe Nyadzɔdzɔgbalẽ.
Dupont ƒe agbalẽa. (ƒe 2020). DuPontTM Teflon® Dɔwɔƒewo ƒe Nutsyɔnu: Nuɖuɖu ƒe Kadodo ƒe Sedziwɔwɔ. DuPont de Nemours, Inc., kple ame bubuwo.
Warwick, D. (ƒe 2018) ƒe agbalẽa. Nuɖuɖu ƒe Kakaɖedzinuwo - Rababa, Silicones, Coatings kple Inks. Smithers Nyatakaka Dɔwɔƒe.
ISO. (ƒe 2018). ISO 22000:2018 Nuɖuɖu ƒe dedienɔnɔ dzikpɔkpɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo — Nudidiwo na habɔbɔ ɖesiaɖe le nuɖuɖu ƒe kɔsɔkɔsɔ me. Dukɔwo Dome Habɔbɔ si Kpɔa Dzidzenuwo Gbɔ.
Codex Alimentarius Dɔdzikpɔha. (ƒe 2003). Dukɔwo Dome Dɔwɔnawo Ŋuti Se si Wokafu Nuɖuɖu Ŋuti Dzadzɛnyenye Ŋuti Gɔmeɖose Gãwo. Dukɔ Ƒoƒuawo ƒe Nuɖuɖu Kple Agbledede Habɔbɔ.
