Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ikabhoni uye fluorine polymer. Ichi chinyorwa chine zita rinonyanya kuzivikanwa: Teflon.
Zvivakwa zvePTFE zvinosanganisira:
Yakanakisa michina zvivakwa (<1%)
Kemikari inertness corrosion resistance
Kudzivisa kupisa
Lowest coefficients of friction
Non stick properties (inoshingirira kuenderera mberi kwekushisa kwe500°f (260°c))
Pfeka kuramba
High melting point
Izvo zvakanakisa zvimiro zvePTFE zvinopa kuwanda kwekushandisa, uye inonyanya kushandiswa seisina-stick coating yekubika. PTFE's better wear resistance inobvumira kuti ibatanidzwe nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kuburikidza neemulsion polymerization kana suspension polymerization processing kuti iumbe zvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri zvakakwirira zvinopisa zvinopisa zvine hunyanzvi hwemagetsi, senge wire insulation, chikafu-giredhi rekutakura mabhandi, anochinjika asina-tsvimbo machira, nezvimwe.
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Polytetrafluoroethylene yakawanikwa muna 1938. Yakatanga kuwanikwa neAmerican chemist Roy J. Plunkett (1910–1994) paaiedza kugadzira carbon and fluorine compound compound refrigerant. Vanhu panguva iyoyo vangadai vasina kufunga nezvechigadzirwa chakajairika ichi. Zvinoshamisa zvinokonzeresa zvichakanganisa zvikamu zvese zvepasi.
Muna 1941, DuPont yakawana patent yechigadzirwa ichi uye yakanyoresa mucherechedzo pasi pezita rekuti 'Teflon' muna 1944.
Mazuva ano, polytetrafluoroethylene yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mundima dzakawanda dzekugadzira uye hupenyu. Muindasitiri yekubika, PTFE yakavharwa cookware inoshandiswa zvakanyanya; muindasitiri yezvipfeko, zvipfeko zvepamusoro zvinotonhora-zvisingapindi kubva kumabhurandi akadai seHELIKON neCarinthia zvese zvinoshandisa PTFE sejasi kana rekunze. , kuitira kuti uwane kukwanisa kutsungirira kutonhora kwakanyanya kwe -30 ° C; munhandare yemauto, PTFE zvinhu nekurasikirwa kwakaderera, yakanakisa dielectric zvivakwa, yakanaka kuenderana, yakagadzikana makemikari zvivakwa, uye inenge isina kunyura hunyoro hunoshandiswa zvakanyanya muredhiyo frequency radar mapaneru. Mundima yekurapa, PTFE zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya munhengo dzemuviri dzekugadzira.
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PTFE inomirira polytetrafluoroethylene, izwi remakemikari repolymer (C2F4)n.
Ichi chinyorwa chinowanzo nongedzera kune chero branded ptfe synthetic fluoropolymer. Hunhu hunokosha hwe polytetrafluoroethylene ndeiyi inotevera:
Kunyanya tembiricha yekushandisa (°F /°C): 500/260
Kusimba Kusimba paKuzorora (PSI): 4,000
Dielectric nguva dzose (kV/mil): 3.7
Chikamu: 2.16
Elongation panguva yekuzorora: 350%
Shore D Kuoma: 54
Iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya ptfe polytetrafluoroethylene synthetic fluoropolymer ine hunhu huri pamusoro yatove nemhando isingaverengeke, iwo makuru mabhureki ndeaya anotevera:
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Polytetrafluoroethylene mutsara wepolymer inoumbwa nekabhoni (C) uye fluorine (F) maatomu, ine kemikari formula (C2F4) n, apo n ndiyo nhamba yemamonoma units.
Chimiro chePTFE chinogona kuratidzwa se: -CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-
Iyo yakareba cheni yemamorekuru ePTFE inoumbwa nekabhoni atomu, imwe neimwe yakabatana nemaatomu maviri efluorine.
Maatomu efluorine anenge akavhara pamusoro pekabhoni maatomu espiral polymer chain. Maatomu ecarbon anoumba cheni huru yepolymer chain. Maatomu efluorine anoumba nhovo-yakafanana nechimiro chakatenderedza maatomu ekabhoni, ayo anochengetedza maatomu emukati kabhoni.
Uku kurongeka kwakasiyana kwemaatomu kunopa PTFE zvimiro zvayo. Ichi chimiro che molecular chinobatsira kune PTFE isingaenzaniswi yemuviri nemakemikari zvimiro.
Chii chinonzi Teflon Material?
Teflon inonzi thermoplastic fluoropolymer, uye Teflon acronym i PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene).
Teflon chiratidzo cheChemours, zvisinei, PTFE inogona zvakare kutengwa kubva kumakambani asiri Chemours.
Teflon chinhu chakakurumbira nekuda kwekushomeka kwayo kwakadzikira, tembiricha kuramba, uye makemikari kuramba.
Ehezve, Teflon i polymer zvinhu polymerized kubva tetrafluoroethylene uye imhando yeperfluorinated material. Zita rayo remakemikari inonzi polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Teflon chimiro chemakemikari yakasarudzika. Chimiro chemorekuru ndechekuti F (fluorine maatomu) anotsiva ese H (maatomu ehydrogen) paC chain. Panguva imwecheteyo, nokuti radius yeatomu yefluorine yakakura kudarika nzvimbo yeatomu yekabhoni, repulsion pakati peatomu yakakura kwazvo, saka hazvizoiti Kufanana nemaatomu ehydrogen, vanogona kurongwa mundege, saka maatomu efluorine anenge akatenderera kuti aputire maatomu e carbon, kuitira kuti nyika yekunze inogona kungosangana neine fluorine.
Iine yakasimba fluorine atomu chipingamupinyi, iyo Teflon polymer chimiro chakatsiga kana ichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvinhu.
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Nhoroondo yeTeflon Properties
PTFE ipolymer yakagadzirwa kubva kune tetrafluoroethylene monomer. Iwakisi inoonekera kana isina kujeka yakafanana nePE. Density yaro i2.2g/cm3 uye mwero wayo wekutora mvura uri pasi pe0.01%.
Chimiro chemakemikari chePTFE polymer chakafanana neicho chePE, kunze kwekuti maatomu ose ehydrogen mu polyethylene anotsiviwa nemaatomu efluorine. Nekuda kwesimba repamusoro rebhondi uye kushanda kwakadzikama kweCF bond, ine chemikari yakanakisa corrosion resistance uye inokwanisa kushingirira maasidhi akasimba (kusanganisira aqua regia) kunze kwesimbi dzakanyungudutswa dzealkali, oxidizing media, uye sodium hydroxide inopfuura 300 ° C. Pamwe chete nemigumisiro yeakasimba oxidants, kuderedza vamiririri uye zvakasiyana-siyana organic solvents.
Iyo F atomu iri muPTFE morekuru ine symmetrical, uye zvinhu zviviri zviri muCF bond zvakasungwa zvine hushamwari. Iko hakuna maerekitironi emahara mumorekuru, zvichiita kuti molecule yese isarerekera. Naizvozvo, ine yakanakisa dielectric zvivakwa, uye ayo emagetsi ekudzivirira haana kukanganiswa neKufurira kwezvakatipoteredza uye frequency.
Teflon Physical Properties
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Huwandu hwayo hwekudzivirira hwakakura kupfuura 1017, kurasikirwa kwayo kwedielectric kudiki, kuparara kwayo kwakakwira, kupikisa kwayo arc kwakanaka, uye inogona kushanda munzvimbo yemagetsi ye250 ° C. Nemhaka yokuti hapana mabhondi ehydrogen mu PTFE molecular structure, chimiro chacho chakaenzana, saka crystallization yayo Dhigirii yekristallisation yakakwirira kwazvo (kazhinji crystallinity ndeye 55% ~ 75%, dzimwe nguva yakakwirira se94%), iyo inoita kuti PTFE isanyanya kupisa. Tembiricha yekunyunguduka kwayo i324C, tembiricha yekuora kwayo i415°C, uye tembiricha yekunyanya kushandisa i250°C. It is brittle Tembiricha i -190 ° C, uye tembiricha yekukanganisa kupisa (pasi pe0.46MPa mamiriro) i120C.
Teflon zvinhu zvine yakanaka mechanic properties. Simba rayo rinoita 21 ~ 28MPa, simba rekukotama i11 ~ 14MPa, kurebesa i250% ~ 300%, uye matsimba ayo ane simba uye akatsiga kurwisana nesimbi ari maviri 0.04, ari nani pane naironi, polyformaldehyde, uye polyethylene. Iyo coefficient of friction yemapurasitiki anotonhorera idiki.
Yakachena PTFE ine simba rakaderera, kushomeka kwekusapfeka uye kushomeka kwekuramba. Zvinowanzodikanwa kuwedzera mamwe inorganic particles kune PTFE polymer, senge graphite, disulfide boka, aruminiyamu oxide, girazi fiber, kabhoni faibha, nezvimwewo kuti ivandudze ma mechanical properties. , uye inogonawo kuwedzerwa nekubatana nemamwe mapolymers akadai se polyphenylase (PHB), polyphenylene sulfide (PFS), polyethylene glycol (PEEK), polyethylene / propylene copolymer (PFEP), nezvimwewo.
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Maitiro ekugadzira anoshandisa chloroform seyakabikwa, anoshandisa anhydrous hydrofluoric acid ku fluorinate chloroform, iyo tembiricha yekuita iri pamusoro pe65ºC, inoshandisa antimony pentachloride sechinhu chinokonzeresa, uye pakupedzisira inoshandisa kupisa kupisa kugadzira tetrafluoroethylene.
Aokai inogadzirwa uchishandisa suspension polymerization kana emulsion polymerization.
Kugadzirira kwe monomer tetrafluoroethylene
Muindasitiri, chloroform inoshandiswa seyakabikwa, anhydrous hydrofluoric acid inoshandiswa ku fluorinate chloroform, tembiricha yekupindura iri pamusoro pe65ºC, antimony pentachloride inoshandiswa sechinhu chinokonzeresa, uye pakupedzisira tetrafluoroethylene inogadzirwa nekuputika kwemafuta. Tetrafluoroethylene inogonawo kugadzirwa nekuita zinc ne tetrafluorodichloroethane pakupisa kwakanyanya.
Kugadzirira kwe polytetrafluoroethylene
Mune enamel kana simbi isina tsvina yepolymerization kettle, mvura inoshandiswa sepakati, potassium persulfate inoshandiswa sekutanga, perfluorocarboxylic acid ammonium munyu inoshandiswa se dispersant, fluorocarbon inoshandiswa se stabilizer, uye tetrafluoroethylene inonzi redox polymerized kuti iwane polyethylene yehupfu. Tetrafluoroethylene.
Wedzera zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowedzera kune kettle yekuita, uye tetrafluoroethylene monomer inopinda mu kettle yepolymerization muchikamu chegesi. Gadzirisa tembiricha mukettle kusvika 25 ° C, wobva wawedzera imwe chiyero che activator (sodium metabisulfite) kuti utange polymerization kuburikidza neredox system. Munguva ye polymerization maitiro, monomers anoramba achiwedzerwa, uye iyo polymerization pressure inochengetwa pa 0.49 ~ 0.78MPa. Kupararira kunowanikwa mushure mekuita polymerization kunonatswa kune kumwe kusungwa nemvura, uye tembiricha inogadziriswa kusvika 15 ~ 20ºC. Mushure mekubatanidza ne mechanical inomutsa, inoshambidzwa nemvura uye yakaomeswa, ndiko kuti, Ichi chigadzirwa chinowanikwa seyakanaka granular resin.
Teflon yekuzviputira pachayo yakachengeteka: Teflon zvinhu pachayo haina chepfu, haizoora, uye haizokonzerese njodzi dzehutano. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti chimiro chayo chemorekuru hachina kunyungudika mumakemikari chaiwo, ndoda kugayiwa uye kutorwa nemuviri wemunhu.
Dzidza zvakawanda nezveTeflon kuchengetedza
Chii Chinoshandiswa PTFE?
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Iyo yakasarudzika midziyo yePTFE inoita kuti ishandiswe zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri uye mumakungwa mashandiro akadai semakemikari indasitiri, petroleum, machira, chikafu, kugadzira mapepa, mushonga, zvemagetsi nemichina.
Kushandiswa kwe polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mu anti-corrosion properties:
Nekuda kwekuremara mukupokana kwekuora kwerabha, girazi, simbi alloys uye zvimwe zvinhu, zvakaoma kusangana nemhoteredzo ine hutsinye umo tembiricha, kudzvanywa uye makemikari media zvinogara, uye kurasikirwa kunokonzeresa kunotyisa. Nepo PTFE zvinhu zvine zvakanakisa kusakara mukuora, polytetrafluoroethylene inoshandisa iyo huru isingadziviriri zvinhu mupetroleum, makemikari, machira uye mamwe maindasitiri.
Zvishandiso zvakananga zvinosanganisira: pombi dzekutakura, pombi dzemhepo, pombi dzekutakura magasi anoparadza, mapaipi emafuta ekutenderedza, mapombi akakwira, epakati uye akaderera-anotsikirira endege hydraulic system uye inotonhora press system, distillation tower, heat exchangers, kettles, shongwe nematangi. Kuita kwemakemikari emidziyo zvisimbiso senge linings uye mavharuvhu ane simba guru pakubudirira uye kushanda kwemuchina wese nemidziyo. PTFE zvinhu zvine hunhu hwekusaita ngura, kuramba kuchembera, kushomeka kwepasi uye kusanamatira, kureba kwetembiricha yakasiyana, uye kunaka kwakanaka, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kwazvo kugadzira zvisimbiso zvine kukwirira kwekusagadzikana zvinodiwa uye tembiricha yekushanda inopfuura 100 °. Zvakadai sezvisimbiso zvegorofu maflange emuchina, zvinopisa zvinopisa, midziyo yekudzvanya, midziyo mikuru-dhayamita, mavharuvhu, uye pombi, zvisimbiso zvegirazi rekuita mapoto, flat flanges, mahombe-diameter flanges, shafts, piston rods, valve rods, Worm gear pombi, tie tsvimbo zvisimbiso, nezvimwe.
2.The low friction performance ye polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) inoshandiswa mukutakura mitoro.
Zvikamu zvemimwe michina hazvina kukodzera kukwirisa, senge mumamiriro ezvinhu apo mafuta ekuzora anonyungudutswa nezvinonyungudutsa uye otadza kushanda, kana mukugadzira mapepa, mishonga yemishonga, chikafu, machira, nezvimwe. Zvigadzirwa mumunda weindasitiri zvinoda kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwemafuta, izvo zvinoita kuti PTFE yakazadzwa zvigadziriswe zvigadziriswe zvemafuta. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti friction coefficient yechinhu ichi ndiyo yakaderera pakati pezvinozivikanwa zvinhu zvakasimba. Kushandiswa kwaro Kwakasiyana kunosanganisira mabheji emidziyo yemakemikari, muchina wekugadzira mapepa, uye michina yekurima, semhete dzepiston, njanji yedhiraivha yemuchina, uye mhete dzekutungamira. Iwo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumapurojekiti ekuvaka ehurumende semasiraidhi ekutsigira mabhiriji, tunnel simbi chimiro padenga trusses, hombe kemikari mapaipi, uye matangi ekuchengetedza. Mabhuroki, pamwe neanoshandiswa semabhiriji anotsigira uye mabhiriji swivels, nezvimwe.
3.Applications ye polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mumagetsi uye magetsi.
Iko kurasikirwa kwakadzika uye diki dielectric kugadzika kwePTFE zvinhu zvinoita kuti igadziriswe kuita enameled waya kuti ishandiswe mune micro motors, thermocouples, control devices, etc., PTFE magetsi ekudzivirira firimu Ndiyo yakanaka insulating zvinhu pakugadzira capacitor, redhiyo insulating liners, insulated cables, motors uye transformers. Icho zvakare chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zveindasitiri zvemagetsi zvikamu zvakaita seaerospace uye aerospace. Kushandiswa kwemafirimu epurasitiki efluorine kune yakakwira permeability kune okisijeni uye yakakwirira permeability kumhute yemvura. Uku kusanangurwa kwekupinza kwediki kudiki kunogona kushandiswa kugadzira ma sensors eokisijeni. Hunhu hwefluoroplastics hunokonzera polar charge kutsauka pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya uye kudzvanywa kwakanyanya kunogona kushandiswa kugadzira maikorofoni, vatauri, zvikamu pamarobhoti, nezvimwewo, uye kushomeka kwavo kwakaderera kunogona kushandiswa. Hunhu hwepamusoro hunogona kuita optical fibers.
4.Kushandiswa kwepolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mumishonga yekurapa.
Iyo yakawedzerwa PTFE zvinhu ndeye inert uye ine yakasimba kwazvo biological kuchinjika. Izvo hazvizokonzere kurambwa nemuviri uye hazvina physiological side effects pamuviri wemunhu. Inogona kuitwa sterilized neimwe nzira. Chimiro chayo chemicroporous chinobvumira kushandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzekugadzirisa, kusanganisira tsinga dzeropa uye zvigamba zvekuvandudzwa kwetishu uye sutures yekuvhiya yevascular, moyo, general uye orthopedic kuvhiyiwa.
5.Kushandisa anti-stick properties ye polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
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PTFE zvinhu zvine diki diki tension pakati pezvinhu zvakasimba uye hainamati kune chero chinhu. Iyo ine zvakare hunhu hwepamusoro uye yakaderera tembiricha kuramba uye makemikari inertness, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune maapplication akadai sekugadzira. Mapani asina-tsvimbo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu anti-stick application. Iyo anti-adhesive maitiro anonyanya kusanganisira maviri marudzi: kuisa iyo PTFE sheet pane substrate uye nekuisa iyo PTFE yekupotera kana varnish inosanganiswa negirazi pane substrate kuburikidza nekupisa shrinkage.
Dzidza zvakawanda nezve PTFE coatings
Kunyange zvazvo PTFE zvinhu zvichine dambudziko rekuoma kwepamusoro mukutsvaira, nekufambira mberi kwekombiyuta, nzira itsva dzekubatanidza dzichakurumidza kugadzirisa marwadzo ePTFE uye kushandisa PTFE kune imwe nzvimbo yakawanda yeminda.
