Iyini i-PTFE(Polytetrafluoroethylene)?

Ukubuka: 0 Umbhali: Isikhathi Sokushicilela Isihleli Sesayithi: 2023-11-10 Umsuka: Isayithi

I-Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) iyi-polymer ye-carbon ne-fluorine. Le nto inegama elijwayeleke kakhulu: i-Teflon.

Izakhiwo ze-PTFE zifaka:

Izakhiwo zemishini ezinhle kakhulu (<1%)
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-Chemical inertness
Ukumelana nokushisa
Ama-coefficients aphansi wokungqubuzana
Izakhiwo ezingezona izinduku (zimelana namazinga okushisa aqhubekayo angu-500°f (260°c))
Ukugqoka ukumelana
Iphuzu lokuncibilika eliphezulu

Izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-PTFE ziyinikeza uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-non-stick coating for cookware. Ukumelana nokugqokwa okungcono kwe-PTFE kuyivumela ukuthi ihlanganiswe nezinto ezihlukahlukene ngokusebenzisa i-emulsion polymerization noma ukumiswa kwe-polymerization processing ukuze yakhe imikhiqizo yezimboni ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa enezici ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, ezifana nokufakwa kwezintambo, amabhande okuthutha ebangeni lokudla, izindwangu ezinganamathele eziguquguqukayo, njll.

Iyini i-PTFE?

I-Polytetrafluoroethylene yatholwa ngo-1938. Ekuqaleni yatholwa usokhemisi waseMelika u-Roy J. Plunkett (1910–1994) ngenkathi ezama ukwenza isiqandisi esisha sekhabhoni ne-fluorine. Abantu ngaleso sikhathi babengeke bacabange ngalo mkhiqizo ojwayelekile. Ama-catalyst angajwayelekile azothinta zonke izingxenye zomhlaba.

Ngo-1941, i-DuPont yathola ilungelo lobunikazi lalo mkhiqizo futhi yabhalisa uphawu lokuhweba ngaphansi kwegama elithi 'Teflon' ngo-1944.

Namuhla, i-polytetrafluoroethylene isetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi yokukhiqiza nokuphila. Embonini yezokudlela, i-PTFE coated cookware isetshenziswa kabanzi; embonini yezingubo, izingubo eziphezulu ezingabandi ezivela kumabhrendi afana ne-HELIKON ne-Carinthia zonke zisebenzisa i-PTFE njengesimbozo noma ungqimba lwangaphandle. , ukuze kuzuzwe ikhono lokumelana namakhaza amakhulu -30 ° C; emkhakheni wezempi, izinto ze-PTFE ezinokulahlekelwa okuphansi, izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-dielectric, ukungaguquguquki okuhle, izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezinzile, futhi cishe akukho ukumuncwa komswakama asetshenziswa kabanzi kumaphaneli e-radar amafrikhwensi aphezulu. Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, izinto ze-PTFE nazo zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezingxenyeni zomzimba zokwenziwa.

Imelelani i-PTFE?

I-PTFE imele i-polytetrafluoroethylene, igama lamakhemikhali le-polymer (C2F4)n.

Lokhu kwaziswa ngokuvamile kubhekisela kunoma iyiphi i-ptfe synthetic fluoropolymer enegama. Izici eziyinhloko ze-polytetrafluoroethylene zimi kanje:

Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza (°F /°C): 500/260
Amandla Okuqina Ngesikhathi Sekhefu (PSI): 4,000
I-Dielectric constant (kV/mil): 3.7
Isilinganiso: 2.16
Ubude besikhathi sokuphumula: 350%
Ukuqina kwe-Shore D: 54

I-ptfe polytetrafluoroethylene synthetic fluoropolymer esetshenziswa kabanzi enezici ezingenhla isivele inezinhlobo ezingenakubalwa, izinhlobo eziyinhloko zimi kanje:

I-TEFLON®: Ama-Chemours
I-FLUON®: AGC Ltd
I-DYNEON®: 3M
I-POLYFLON: I-Daikin Industrial Co., Ltd.
I-ALGOFLON: I-Solvay Ltd.

Isakhiwo Sekhemikhali se-PTFE

I-Polytetrafluoroethylene iyi-polymer eqondile eyakhiwe ama-athomu e-carbon (C) kanye ne-fluorine (F), enefomula yamakhemikhali (C2F4)n, lapho u-n eyinombolo yamayunithi e-monomer.

Isakhiwo se-PTFE singavezwa ngokuthi: -CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-

Iketango elide lama-molecule e-PTFE lakhiwe ama-athomu ekhabhoni, ngalinye elixhunywe kuma-athomu amabili e-fluorine.

Ama-athomu e-fluorine acishe amboze ingaphezulu lama-athomu ekhabhoni eketango le-polymer elivunguzayo. Ama-athomu ekhabhoni akha iketango eliyinhloko leketango le-polymer. Ama-athomu e-fluorine akha isakhiwo esinjengesihlangu esizungeze ama-athomu ekhabhoni, esivikela kahle ama-athomu ekhabhoni angaphakathi.

Lolu hlelo oluyingqayizivele lwama-athomu lunikeza i-PTFE izici zayo ezihlukile. Lesi sakhiwo samangqamuzana sinomthelela ezintweni ezingenakuqhathaniswa ze-PTFE zomzimba namakhemikhali.

Iyini I-Teflon Material?

I-Teflon iyi-thermoplastic fluoropolymer, futhi i-Teflon acronym ithi PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene).

I-Teflon inguphawu lokuthengisa lwamaChemours, nokho-ke, i-PTFE ingabuye ithengwe ezinkampanini ezingaphandle kwamaChemours.

I-Teflon iyinto ethandwayo ngenxa yokungqubuzana kwayo okuphansi, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, nokumelana namakhemikhali.

Ingabe iTeflon PTFE

Vele, i-Teflon iyimpahla ye-polymer eyenziwe nge-polymerized kusuka ku-tetrafluoroethylene futhi iwuhlobo lwe-perfluorinated material. Igama layo lamakhemikhali yi-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

Isakhiwo samakhemikhali e-Teflon sihluke kakhulu. Isakhiwo samangqamuzana ukuthi u-F (ama-athomu e-fluorine) athatha indawo yawo wonke ama-H (ama-athomu e-hydrogen) ku-C chain. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuthi indawo engaba yi-athomu ye-fluorine inkulu kakhulu kune-radius ye-athomu ye-carbon, ukuxoshwa phakathi kwama-athomu kukhulu kakhulu, ngakho ngeke Njengama-athomu e-hydrogen, angahle ahlelwe ngendiza, ngakho-ke ama-athomu e-fluorine acishe avunguze ukuze asonge ama-athomu e-carbon, ukuze izwe langaphandle likwazi ukuxhumana ne-fluorine kuphela.

Ngomkhawulo oqinile we-athomu ye-fluorine, isakhiwo se-polymer ye-Teflon sizinzile uma siqhathaniswa nezinye izinto.

Izakhiwo zeTeflon

I-PTFE iyi-polymer eyenziwe nge-polymer kusuka ku-tetrafluoroethylene monomer. Kuyi-wax esobala noma e-opaque efana ne-PE. Ukuminyana kwayo kungu-2.2g/cm3 futhi izinga lokumunca amanzi lingaphansi kuka-0.01%.

Isakhiwo samakhemikhali se-PTFE polymer siyefana nese-PE, ngaphandle kokuthi wonke ama-athomu e-hydrogen ku-polyethylene athathelwa indawo ama-athomu e-fluorine. Ngenxa yamandla ebhondi ephezulu nokusebenza okuzinzile kwebhondi ye-CF, inokumelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali okuhle kakhulu futhi ingamelana nawo wonke ama-acids aqinile (kuhlanganise ne-aqua regia) ngaphandle kwezinsimbi ze-alkali ezincibilikisiwe, imidiya ye-oxidizing, ne-sodium hydroxide engaphezu kuka-300°C. Kanye nemiphumela yama-oxidants aqinile, ama-ejenti anciphisayo kanye nama-solvents ahlukahlukene e-organic.

I-athomu ka-F ku-molecule ye-PTFE inokulinganisa, futhi izakhi ezimbili kubhondi ye-CF ziboshwe ngokuhlanganyela. Awekho ama-electron amahhala ku-molecule, okwenza yonke i-molecule ingathathi hlangothi. Ngakho-ke, inezici ezinhle kakhulu ze-dielectric, futhi ukufakwa kwayo kagesi akuthinteki Ithonya lendawo kanye nemvamisa.

Teflon Physical Properties

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Ukumelana nevolumu yayo kukhulu kuno-1017, ukulahlekelwa kwayo kwe-dielectric kuncane, i-voltage yayo yokuphuka iphezulu, ukumelana kwayo ne-arc kuhle, futhi ingasebenza endaweni kagesi engu-250 ° C. Ngenxa yokuthi awekho amabhondi e-hydrogen esakhiweni samangqamuzana e-PTFE, isakhiwo sinokulinganisa, ngakho-ke i-crystallization yayo I-degree of crystallization iphakeme kakhulu (ngokuvamile i-crystallinity ingu-55% ~ 75%, ngezinye izikhathi iphakeme njengo-94%), okwenza i-PTFE imelane nokushisa. Izinga lokushisa layo lokuncibilika lingu-324C, izinga lokushisa layo lokubola lingu-415°C, kanti izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenzisa kwalo lingu-250°C. I-brittle Izinga lokushisa lingu-190°C, futhi izinga lokushisa lokuphazamisa ukushisa (ngaphansi kwezimo ezingu-0.46MPa) lingu-120C.

Izinto ze-Teflon zinezici ezinhle zemishini. Amandla ayo aqinile angu-21~28MPa, amandla okugoba angu-11 ~ 14MPa, ubude bungu-250% ~ 300%, futhi ama-coefficients ashukumisayo futhi aqinile aphikisana nensimbi kokubili angu-0.04, angcono kuneyiloni, i-polyformaldehyde, ne-polyethylene. I-coefficient of friction yamapulasitiki apholile incane.

I-PTFE ehlanzekile inamandla aphansi, ukumelana nokugqoka okungekuhle kanye nokumelana nokukhuphuka okungekuhle. Ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukwengeza izinhlayiya ezithile ze-inorganic ku-polymer ye-PTFE, njenge-graphite, iqembu le-disulfide, i-aluminium oxide, i-glass fiber, i-carbon fiber, njll. , futhi inganwetshwa ngokusebenzisana namanye ama-polymers njenge-polyphenylase (PHB), i-polyphenylene sulfide (PFS), i-polyethylene glycol (PEEK), i-polyethylene/propylene copolymer (PFEP), njll. izinga lokushisa layo elimanzi, lithuthukisa ukumelana kwayo nokuhlukahluka.

I-Teflon Yenziwa Kanjani

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Inqubo yokukhiqiza isebenzisa i-chloroform njengento eluhlaza, isebenzisa i-anhydrous hydrofluoric acid ukuze i-fluorinate i-chloroform, izinga lokushisa lokusabela lingaphezulu kuka-65ºC, isebenzisa i-antimony pentachloride njenge-catalyst, futhi ekugcineni isebenzisa ukuqhekeka okushisayo ukukhiqiza i-tetrafluoroethylene.

I-Aokai ikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa i-polymerization yokumiswa noma i-emulsion polymerization.

Ukulungiswa kwe-monomer tetrafluoroethylene

Embonini, i-chloroform isetshenziswa njengempahla eluhlaza, i-anhydrous hydrofluoric acid isetshenziselwa i-fluorinate chloroform, izinga lokushisa lokusabela lingaphezulu kuka-65ºC, i-antimony pentachloride isetshenziswa njenge-catalyst, futhi ekugcineni i-tetrafluoroethylene ikhiqizwa ukuqhekeka okushisayo. I-Tetrafluoroethylene ingabuye ikhiqizwe ngokuphendula i-zinc nge-tetrafluorodichloroethane emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Ukulungiswa kwe-polytetrafluoroethylene

Kwiketela le-polymerization le-koqweqwe lwawo noma lensimbi engenasici, amanzi asetshenziswa njengendawo ephakathi, i-potassium persulfate isetshenziswa njengesiqalisi, i-perfluorocarboxylic acid ammonium usawoti isetshenziswa njengesisabalalisi, i-fluorocarbon isetshenziswa njengesiqinisi, kanti i-tetrafluoroethylene i-redox eyenziwe nge-polymerized ukuthola i-polyethylene eyimpuphu. I-Tetrafluoroethylene.

Engeza izithasiselo ezihlukahlukene kugedlela lokusabela, futhi i-tetrafluoroethylene monomer ingena eketela le-polymerization esigabeni segesi. Lungisa izinga lokushisa eketelani libe ngu-25°C, bese wengeza inani elithile le-activator (i-sodium metabisulfite) ukuze uqalise i-polymerization ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-redox. Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-polymerization, ama-monomers angezwa ngokuqhubekayo, futhi ingcindezi ye-polymerization igcinwa ku-0.49 ~ 0.78MPa. Ukuhlakazwa okutholwe ngemva kokwenziwa kwe-polymerization kuhlanjululwa ekugxiliseni okuthile ngamanzi, futhi izinga lokushisa lilungiselelwa ku-15 ~ 20ºC. Ngemuva kokuhlanganisa ngokushukumisa ngomshini, igezwa ngamanzi futhi yomiswe, okungukuthi, Lo mkhiqizo utholakala njenge-resin emihle ye-granular.

Ingabe i-Teflon iphephile?

I-Teflon coating ngokwayo iphephile: Impahla ye-Teflon ngokwayo ayinabo ubuthi, ngeke ibole, futhi ngeke ibangele izingozi empilweni. Lokhu mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kwawo kwamangqamuzana ngokuyisisekelo awancibiliki kumakhemikhali angempela, ingasaphathwa eyokugaywa nokumuncwa umzimba womuntu.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuphepha kwe-Teflon

Isetshenziselwa ini i-PTFE?

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Izakhiwo eziyingqayizivele ze-PTFE ziyenza isetshenziswe kabanzi emisebenzini yezimboni nasolwandle njengemboni yamakhemikhali, i-petroleum, izindwangu, ukudla, ukwenza amaphepha, imithi, izinto zikagesi kanye nemishini.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ezindaweni ezilwa nokugqwala:

Ngenxa yokukhubazeka kokumelana nokugqwala kwenjoloba, ingilazi, ama-alloys ensimbi nezinye izinto, kunzima ukuhlangabezana nemvelo enokhahlo lapho izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi kanye nemidiya yamakhemikhali kuhlangana khona, futhi ukulahlekelwa okuwumphumela kuyethusa kakhulu. Nakuba impahla ye-PTFE inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, i-polytetrafluoroethylene isebenzisa izinto eziyinhloko ezimelana nokugqwala ku-petroleum, amakhemikhali, izindwangu nezinye izimboni.

Izicelo eziqondile zihlanganisa: amapayipi okulethwa, amapayipi okukhipha umoya, amapayipi esitimu okuthutha amagesi agqwalayo, amapayipi kawoyela anomfutho ophezulu wezigayo eziginqikayo, amapayipi aphezulu, aphakathi nendawo futhi anomfutho ophansi wezinhlelo zezindiza ze-hydraulic kanye nezinhlelo zokucindezela ezibandayo, imibhoshongo yokukhishwa kwe-distillation, izinto zokushintsha ukushisa, amaketela, imibhoshongo namathangi. Ukusebenza kwezimpawu zemishini yamakhemikhali njengama-lining nama-valve kunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kahle nasekusebenzeni kwawo wonke umshini nemishini. Impahla ye-PTFE inezici zokumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokuguga, i-coefficient ephansi yokungqubuzana nokunganamatheli, ububanzi obubanzi bokushisa, nokunwebeka okuhle, okuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu ukukhiqiza izimpawu ezinezidingo zokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu namazinga okushisa okusebenza angaphezu kuka-100 °. Njengezigxivizo zama-flanges emishini, izishintshi zokushisa, imikhumbi enengcindezi ephezulu, imikhumbi enobubanzi obukhulu, ama-valve, namaphampu, izimpawu zamabhodwe okuphendula ingilazi, ama-flanges ayisicaba, ama-flanges amakhulu, ama-shafts, ama-piston rods, ama-valve rods, amaphampu egiya le-Worm, i-tie rod seal, njll.

2.I-low friction performance ye-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokulayisha.

Izingxenye zokungqubuzana zezinye izinto zokusebenza azikufanele ukugcotshwa, njengezimo lapho amafutha okugcoba azochithwa yizincibilikisi futhi angasebenzi, noma ekwenzeni iphepha, imithi, ukudla, izindwangu, njll. Imikhiqizo emkhakheni wezimboni idinga ukugwema ukungcoliswa kukawoyela, okwenza izinto ze-PTFE ezigcwalisiwe zibe yizingxenye ezifanele kakhulu zokuthambisa zemishini engagcwalisi uwoyela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-coefficient yokungqubuzana yale nto iphansi kakhulu phakathi kwezinto eziqinile ezaziwayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo Okukhethekile kufaka phakathi ama-bearings emishini yamakhemikhali, imishini yokwenza iphepha, nemishini yezolimo, njengamasongo e-piston, ama-rails omhlahlandlela wamathuluzi omshini, namasongo omhlahlandlela. Asetshenziswa kakhulu kumaphrojekthi wokwakha umphakathi njengamaslayidi asekela amabhuloho, izigxobo zensimbi zesakhiwo somhubhe, amapayipi amakhulu amakhemikhali, namathangi okugcina. Amabhulokhi, aphinde asetshenziswe njengezisekelo zebhuloho nama-swivel ebhuloho, njll.

3.Izicelo ze-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ezinhlelweni zikagesi nezikagesi.

Ukulahlekelwa okungokwemvelo okuphansi kanye nokungaguquguquki okuncane kwe-dielectric kwezinto ze-PTFE kuyenza ibe yizintambo eziqinile ukuze zisetshenziswe kumamotho amancane, ama-thermocouples, amadivaysi okulawula, njll., ifilimu ye-PTFE yokufaka ugesi kagesi Iyinto efanelekile yokuvikela ukukhiqiza ama-capacitor, amalayini avikela umsakazo, izintambo ezingavalekile, izinjini kanye nama-transformer. Iphinde ibe ngenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezingxenyeni zikagesi zezimboni ezifana ne-aerospace kanye ne-aerospace. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafilimu epulasitiki e-fluorine kunokudlulela okuphezulu ku-oxygen kanye nokungena okuphezulu kumhwamuko wamanzi. Lokhu kungeneka okukhethekile kokungena okuncane kungasetshenziswa ukwenza izinzwa zomoya-mpilo. Izici ze-fluoroplastics ezibangela ukuchezuka kweshaji ye-polar ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezela okuphezulu zingasetshenziswa ukwenza imakrofoni, izipikha, izingxenye zamarobhothi, njll., futhi ukuphindaphinda kwazo okuphansi kungasetshenziswa. Izici zokusebenza kahle kakhulu zingenza imicu ye-optical.

4.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) kwezokwelapha.

Into enwetshiwe ye-PTFE ayisebenzi futhi inokuguquguquka kwebhayoloji okunamandla kakhulu. Ngeke kubangele ukwenqatshwa ngumzimba futhi ayinayo imiphumela emibi yomzimba emzimbeni womuntu. Ingenziwa inzalo nganoma iyiphi indlela. Isakhiwo sayo se-microporous sivumela ukusetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezixazululo zokuvuselela, okuhlanganisa imithambo yegazi yokwenziwa kanye neziqephu zokuvuselelwa kwezicubu ezithambile kanye nokuhlinza okuhlinzayo kwemithambo, inhliziyo, okuvamile kanye nokuhlinzwa kwamathambo.

5.Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokulwa nenduku ye-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

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I-PTFE impahla inokudonsa okuncane kakhulu kwendawo phakathi kwezinto eziqinile futhi ayinamatheli kunoma iyiphi into. Iphinde ibe nezici zokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi kanye nokungangeni kwamakhemikhali, okuyenza ifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nokukhiqiza. Amapani angagxili asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokulwa nenduku. Inqubo ye-anti-adhesive ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili: ukufaka ishidi le-PTFE ku-substrate nokubeka I-PTFE enamathelayo noma ivanishi ehlanganiswe nengilazi ku-substrate ngokuncipha kokushisa.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nama-PTFE coatings

Nakuba izinto ze-PTFE zisenenkinga yobunzima obukhulu ekushiseleni, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, izindlela ezintsha zokuhlanganiswa zizoxazulula ngokushesha amaphuzu obuhlungu we-PTFE futhi zisebenzise i-PTFE emikhakheni ebanzi.