I.Ku Lulamisa Rivilo ra Riendzo ra Lapi:Ndlela ya Vulawuri bya Nkoka
Vuxaka exikarhi ka rivilo na nkarhi: . Nkarhi (s) wa ku hisa=ku leha ka xiphemu xo hisa lexi tirhaka xa oveni(m)÷rivilo ra ku famba ka malapi(m/s).Xikombiso,loko ku leha ka xiphemu lexi tirhaka ku ri 15 naswona rivilo ra layini ri ri 5m/mi n,nkarhi i timinete ta 3.Tilayini ta vuhumelerisi ti tirhisa swihundzuluxi swa frequency kumbe tiservomotors ku lulamisa hi ku kongoma rivilo ra ti-pull-rollers, ku endla leswaku ku cinca ka nkarhi wa xiviri eka nkarhi wo nghenelela.
Ku rhangisa ku lulamisiwa ka rivilo: Ku hisa ku na ku ringanisela loku nga riki kunene.Hi nkarhi wa vuhumelerisi bya le tafuleni, mahiselo ya fanele ku cinciwa, naswona rivilo ra milayeni ri fanele ku tirha tanihi leri hlamulaka ngopfu'nkarhi.'Loko ku laveka ku antswisiwa, ku lulamisiwa ka rivilo ku fanele ku rhangisa emahlweni.
II.Ku HlamuselaSwitirhisiwa swa Nkarhi wo Sintering leswi Humelelaka naZone ya Temperature
Tirhisa350°Castheeffectivesinteringthreshold: PTFEmeltsatapapproximately327°C,kambe indasitirialleveling yilava370–395°C.Hikokwalaho,zoni yale henhla ka350°Cihlamuseriwa tani hi leyi tirhaka eka interingzone.Ntsena nkarhi lowu malapi ya tirhisaka ehenhla ka mahiselo lawa ya hlayiwaka ku tlula nkarhi wo ringana.
Ku hangalasiwa ka mahiselo ya tizoni to tala: . Preheatingzone(100–250°C)–yi susa swipfuno swa maendlelo na ku sivela ku pfimba;Sinteringzone(360–395°C)–yi fikelela ku n’oka;zone yo tlherisela mahiselo ya le henhla(380–390°C)–yi hunguta ntshikilelo wa le ndzeni;Coolingzone(leyi titimelaka ehansi ka 300°C)–a yi hlayiwi hi nkarhi wa le xikarhi.
Ku hlayela nkarhi wo tshama lowu tirhaka:Avanyisa ku leha hinkwako ka ndhawu yo wa loku nga eka≥350°C hi rivilo ra milayeni.Xikombiso, loko ku leha hinkwako ka swiphemu ku ri ehenhla ka 350°C ku ri 10 naswona rivilo ri ri 4m/min, nkarhi wo wisa lowu tirhaka i 2.5 wa timinete.
III.Swihlawulekisi swa SwikumiwaKu kumisisaNkarhi wa Xikongomiso na ku Lulamisa
Swikombominkarhi yo hlanganisa(eka380–390°C): Tinxaka to vevuka(0.08–0.13mm)–30–60seconds;Standardtypes(0.18–0.25mm)–1.5–3minutes;Tinxaka to tika(0.35mmandabove)–3–5minuteskumbe ku leha,na ku laviwa ku sivela'ku swekiwa ehandle, etlhelo ka moya.'
Ku tiveka na ku lulamisiwa: Ku nga enelangi ku intering(ku tiya ka le hansi, ku cheriwa ka powder, ku pandzeka ka micro-cracks)→ku hunguta rivilo ku engetela nkarhi;Ku sinter ku tlula mpimo(ku tshwuka, ku brittleness, ku hlundzukisa musi wo basa)→ku engetela rivilo ku komisa ku tshama ka mahiselo ya le henhla.
Ku cincana ka ku ringana ka mahiselo-nkarhi: . Ku hatlisa ka mahiselo ya le henhla ku pfaleriwa (395–405°C, makume ya tisekoni, khombo ra le henhla)kumbe mahiselo ya le hansi ku pfaleriwa ka le hansi(360–375°C,5–8 wa timinete, khwalithi leyi tiyeke swinene)havumbirhi bya swona swa koteka.Nsinya wa nawu wu hlayisa mahiselo ya tshama ya ri ya nkoka naswona ya ringanela rivilo hi ku ya hi.
IV.KhwalithiClosed-LoopControlandKeySwitsundzuxo
Ku kamberiwa ka khwalithi: . Swikumiwa leswi faneleke swi vonaka swi ri swo basa swo fana na masi naswona swi nga voningi, leswi nga na vuandlalo byo olova, lebyi nga riki bya mavele;ku tshwuka swi kombisa ku sintering ngopfu, kasi swivati swa powder kumbe ku khuluka ka powder swi kombisa ku sintering.Nkarhi na nkarhi ku kambela matimba ya peel;loko swi nga enelanga, swi hunguta rivilo hi 3–5% ku andlalasi nteringtime.Loko matimba lawa ya ringanerile kambe fabricis brittle, rhangisa ku lulamisa kahle mahiselo kasi hi ndlela leyi faneleke ku pfuxeta nkarhi.Tirhisa infraredthermometer ku langutisisa mahiselo ya le henhla ka malapi ku tiyisisa leswaku nkarhi wo tshama ehenhla ka 350°C wu fikelela xilaveko.
Closed-loopcontrol: Simeka xirhendzevutani lexi pfalekeke xa'ku vekiwa ka rivilo/ku tlheriseriwa ka mahiselo→vuyelo bya ku kamberiwa ka khwalithi→ku lulamisiwa.'Mahiselo ya fanele ku lulamisiwa hi ku helela, hi rivilo leri tirhaka tanihi ku cinca-cinca ka nkarhi wa xiviri.
Swipimelo swa nkoka: PTFEdecomposes ehenhla ka 415°C, yi humesa tigasi leti nga na chefu;ku tshama nkarhi wo leha ehenhla ka 400°Cisstrictly proverbited.Ku andlala ku hlangana na mahiselo ya le henhla swi onha sayizi ya fibre ya nghilazi gagent,leading toadecreasein basefabricstrength.Endzhaku ko chela,coolingrate eka300–250°Ccrystallizationzone yifanele ku lawuriwaku tiyisisa ku olova ka coating.
Nkatsakanyo: Yi sekeriwe eka swiyimiso swa mahiselo ya tizoni to tala, hi rivilo ra maendzo ya fabriki ku fana na parameter ya ku lulamisiwa loku ringanaka, ku lawula hi ku hetiseka nkarhi wo tshama lowu tirhaka wa lapi ehenhla ka 350°Cendzeni ka fasitere leri fambelanaka na ku tiya ka xiendliwa, na mbuyelo wa ku kamberiwa ka ku tirhisiwa ka ku lulamisiwa ka xirhendzevutani lexi pfalekeke.
Loko u lava ku dyondza swo tala hi vuxokoxoko bya swihlawulekisi, swiyimo swa matirhiselo, na swihlawulekisi swa ku endla hi ku landza swilaveko swa switirhisiwa swa hina hinkwaswo—ku katsa na PTFE lapi ra mahiselo ya le henhla, PTFEthepi ya mahiselo ya le henhla, Teflonhigh -mabandhi ya mesh ya mahiselo,mabandhi yo pfumala swirhabyani ya michini yo kandziyisa yo namarhela, lapi ra PTFE ra tlhelo rin’we, mabandhi yo fambisa ya mahiselo ya le henhla, na lapi ra fiberglass ya mahiselo lamakulu—hi kombela u titwa u ntshunxekile ku tihlanganisa hi ku tirhisa tichanele leti landzelaka:
Minkarhi hinkwayo hi namarhela filosofi ya vukorhokeri leyi simekiweke eka xiphurofexinali na vutshembeki, naswona hi tinyiketerile ku ku nyika swintshuxo swa ku yima na vukorhokeri byo nyikela nyingiso!
