Xihloko lexi xi katsa ndlela yo fambisana na rivilo ra layini ya muchini wo peta na ku leha ka oven ku tiyisisa leswaku xinamarheti xa organosilicone xi fikelela mpimo wa ku horisa lowu kongomisiweke eka thepi ya PTFE ya mahiselo ya le henhla. Nsinya wa nawu wo fambelanisa wa nkoka: nkarhi hinkwawo wo tshama t_total = ku leha ka oveni loku tirhaka L ÷ rivilo ra layini v a ri fanelanga ku va ehansi ka nkarhi wa le hansi lowu lavekaka wo horisa. Kuma swihlawulekisi swa ku horisa hi ku tirhisa DSC kumbe swikambelo swa ku horisa hi ku namarhela leswi simekaka vuxaka bya 'temperature — minimum cure time'. Modele wa ku horisa loku ringanaka loku hlengeletiweke: avanyisa oveni hi tizoni, hlayela ti=Li/v na tcure(Ti), tiyisisa ∑(ti/tcure(Ti)) ≥1. Maendlelo ya xibalo: veka tindzhawu ta mahiselo letingana ku leha ka Li na mahiselo ya Ti; veka rivilo ra layini v, hlayela nkarhi wo tshama wa zoni yin’wana na yin’wana na mpimo wa ku hoxa xandla; iterate kufikela eka total ≥1 (safety margin 1.1-1.2 ya hlohleteriwa).

Xihloko lexi xi katsa tindlela to lawula crystallinity ya PTFE coating eka lapi ra Teflon ra mahiselo yale henhla. Ku lawuriwa ka mpimo wa ku kufumela swi kongoma swinene naswona switirha: Ku kufumela hiku hatlisa (ku tima) hiku tirhisa ti curtains ta moya wo titimela, ti cooling rollers kumbe mathangi ya mati — ti molecular chains ti freeze loko tinga se oda ku lulamisiwa, ti endla ti crystals letintsongo letinga hetisekangiki; ku peta swi olovile, swi tiya na matirhelo lama antswisiweke ya non-stick, ku hungutiwa nyana ku tiya/ku tiya ka ku onhaka. Ku kufumela hiku nonoka (annealing) hiku tirhisa xiphemu xo hlayisa kuhisa eka 10-50°C/h kumbe ku kufumela ka furnace — ti molecular chains ti lulamisela hiku hetiseka kuva ti spherulites letikulu leti heleleke; coating yina ku tiya lokukulu, ku tiya loku hlamarisaka ka ku onhaka, ti dimensions leti tiyeke, kuhunguteka ka ku olova xikan’we naku engeteleriwa ka brittleness.

Xihloko lexi xi katsa ku cheriwa ka lapi ra Teflon ra mahiselo yale henhla eka ti furnace ta sintering leti rhendzelekaka ka moya wo hisa. Ku koteka: kutirhisiwa tani hi non-stick cushion eka mesh belts kumbe ti trays loko mahiselo ya furnace ≤260°C (ku omisiwa ka mahiselo yale hansi, ku susiwa ka binder, slurry curing) — swiantswisa ku demolding na ku tshovela kahle. Swi yirisiwile swinene eka mahiselo yale xikarhi/yale henhla (300-950°C) — PTFE yi bola yi humesa chefu ya HF na perfluoroisobutylene, yi bola switirhisiwa naswona yivanga chefu leyi dlayaka. Nsinya wa vuhlayiseki: loko mahiselo ya furnace yanga tiveki kumbe yanga tiyisisiwi ehansi ka 260°C, unga tirhisi. Swihlawulekisi swa nkoka: vukorhokeri lebyi yaka emahlweni -70°C kuya eka 260°C, nkarhi wo koma 300°C; ku nga namarheli ngopfu na ku nga tirhi ka tikhemikhali; ku pfaleriwa ka gezi lokunene ngopfu; ku hlangana ka le hansi (~0.04); fiberglass base yinyika matimba yale henhla ya tensile.

Xihloko lexi xi pimanisa ku hambana exikarhi ka ku hisa ka miseve ya infrared na tindlela to horisa ku hisa ka ku rhendzeleka ka moya wo hisa eka ku fana ka xivumbeko xa crosslinked xa swiphemu swo namarhela swa silicone. Maendlelo yo hundzisela kuhisa: moya wo hisa wutitshege hi convection-conduction na ku tlakuka ka mahiselo yo olova, ku hambana kutsongo ka mahiselo yale ndzeni/ehandle; IR yina vuenti byo nghena lebyi nga nyawuriki na ku amukeriwa lokukulu ka le henhla (makhume kuya eka madzana ya ti micrometers) leswi endlaka leswaku kuva na steep surface-to-interior gradient. Vuyelo eka kufana ka crosslink: moya wo hisa wu endla leswaku kuva na synchronous curing endzeni nale handle na crosslink density leyi fanaka; IR yi endla leswaku surface layer yi hatlisa yi endla dense 'skin film' leyi sivelaka ku fambisiwa ka kuhisa na ku famba ka chain yale ndzeni, leswi endlaka leswaku crosslink density yihunguteka kusuka ehenhla kuya endzeni.

Xihloko lexi xi katsa ku hambana exikarhi ka ti emulsions ta PTFE leti humelerisiwaka hi suspension polymerization vs dispersion polymerization. Ku hlamuseriwa: suspension polymerization ayi nge humelerisi hiku kongoma PTFE emulsion; emulsion ya xiviri ya PTFE yi huma ntsena eka polymerization ya ku hangalaka. 'Suspension-method emulsion' entiyisweni i ku yimisiwa ka mati ka ti micropowders ta resin leti polymerized resin leti gayiweke. Dispersion polymerization (primary emulsion): swiphemuphemu swa xirhendzevutani (0.1-0.3μm, ku hangalasiwa lokuntsongo), leswi tiyisisiweke hi ti perfluorinated surfactants, ntiko wa molecular wale henhla swinene (>94% crystallinity), fibrillation yo tiya, swilava 380°C sintering kuva yi endla film yo tiya leyi yaka emahlweni.

Xihloko lexi xi katsa ndlela yo fambelanisa mahiselo ya ku bola na hafu ya vutomi bya ti peroxide crosslinking agents (BPO na DCP) na fasitere ra maendlelo yo horisa ya Teflon tape. Data ya nkoka: BPO — 1-min hafu ya vutomi eka ~131°C, 1-hr eka ~92°C, 10-hr eka ~72°C; DCP — 1-min eka ~171°C, 1-hr eka ~135°C, 10-hr eka ~115°C. Logic yo fambelanisa: xinamarheti xi lava 97-99% wa crosslinking = 5-7 wa hafu ya vutomi; nkarhi wo horisa = 5-7 × hafu ya vutomi eka mahiselo lawa ya kongomisiweke. Hlayela endzhaku mahiselo kusuka eka nkarhi wo tshama eka layini ya vuhumelerisi kumbe back-calculate nkarhi kusuka eka mahiselo yale henhla lawa ya pfumeleriwaka.

Xihloko lexi xi katsa rivilo ra layini leri tolovelekeke ra layini ya vuhumelerisi bya PTFE ya mahiselo ya le henhla ya lapi ya impregnation. Rivilo leri tolovelekeke: 2-15 m/min, ndzhawu yo tirha leyi tiyeke 3-8 m/min, malapi yo olova/milayeni ya rivilo lerikulu kuya fika eka 10-15 m/min. Swipimelo kusuka eka ku nghena ka impregnation: lapi rifanele kuva ri tatiwe hiku hetiseka hi PTFE emulsion eka fibre bundle interiors — rivilo rale henhla swinene rivanga impregnation leyinga ringanelangiki, ndlala ya resin xikan’we na ti fibre leti omeke; emulsion viscosity, solids concentration, fabric weave density hinkwaswo swihunguta penetration rate, leswi lavaka rivilo ro nonoka eka malapi yo tiya/yo tsindziyela. Ku hundza ka ku peta: ku hundza ko tala (2-6+) loku lavekaka eka ku peta loku nga riki na swihoxo swo enta; first pass slower for anchoring, ku hundza loku landzelaka kunga engeteriwa hiku ringanela.

Xihloko lexi xi pimanisa ku hambana exikarhi ka ku hisa ka miseve ya infrared na ku hisa ka ku rhendzeleka ka moya wo hisa eka crosslinked structure uniformity ya silicone adhesive layer. Maendlelo yo hundzisela kuhisa: moya wo hisa i convection-conduction, wo olova naswona wuya emahlweni, leswi endlaka leswaku kuva na gradient ya mahiselo yoringanela; IR i radiation-absorption na ku amukeriwa lokukulu ka le henhla (micrometers kuya eka millimeters) leswi endlaka leswaku kuva na steep surface-to-interior gradient. Vuyelo eka ku hangalasiwa ka crosslink density: moya wo hisa wu pfumelela swiphemu swale ndzeni nale handle ku nghena eka vulcanization temperature range kwalomu ka nkarhi wun’we, leswi humesaka crosslink density leyi fanaka kuya hi vukulu; IR yi endla leswaku surface layer yi horisa hiku hatlisa yi endla nhlonge yo enta leyi sivelaka ku hundzisombiso xa Matirhelo

Xihloko lexi xi katsa nhlayo ya silica na swiyimo swa ku tirhisiwa ka lapi ra fibre ya nghilazi ya silica yale henhla. Nhlamuselo ya nhlayo ya silica: xikombiso xa nkoka i SiO2 ≥96% (standard 96-98%, tigiredi ta premium >99% hiku tirhisa acid leaching na sintering, ku tshinelela pure quartz fiber). Ku endliwa: E-glass fabric yi endla hot acid leaching kuva yi n’okisela swiphemu leswingariki swa silica (boron oxide, sodium oxide), leswi endlaka leswaku kuva na porous high-silica skeleton, kutani yi sinteriwa kuva yi densification. Swipfuno swa nkoka: vukorhokeri lebyi yaka emahlweni eka 900°C eka swibakabaka leswi oxidizing, nkarhi wo koma ehenhla ka 1200°C, ndzhawu yo olova ekusuhi na 1700°C; ku tshamiseka ka tikhemikhali eka ti acid/alkali totala handle ka HF na phosphoric acid yo hisa; dielectric constant yale hansi xikan’we na insulation leyi tiyeke eka mahiselo yale henhla.

Xihloko lexi xi hlamusela swihlawulekisi swa microstructural swa lapi ra Teflon ra mahiselo yale henhla. Substrate skeleton: xivumbeko xa glass fibre weaving eka ti plain/twill weaves letingana porosity yale henhla (micron-scale pores endzeni ka ti fibre bundles nale ka warp-weft nodes) leswi nyikaka ndzhawu ya PTFE impregnation. Mofoloji ya ku peta: full impregnation encapsulation yi vumba 'reinforced concrete' xivumbeko laha ti fibre ta nghilazi ti nga xiphemu xo tiyisisa, PTFE i matrix leyi yaka emahlweni; surface nodular microstructure ya ti nodules (ti particles) leti hlanganisiweke hi ti fibrils letinene leti vumbiweke hi nkarhi wa sintering; continuous dense skin layer (yo hlaya kuya eka makume ya ti microns hiku enta) ya pure PTFE tani hi xisirhelelo xa nkoka xa ku nga tirhi ka tikhemikhali, swivumbeko leswinga namarheli, na ku pfaleriwa ka gezi.