Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora pesvedzero yeplatinamu catalyst mhando uye kutarisisa pane crosslinking kinetics yekuwedzera-kurapa silicone rubha. Catalyst types: Speier catalyst (chloroplatinic acid, Pt⁴⁺) inoda kuderedzwa kune inoshanda yakaderera-valent marudzi, inoshanda se precatalyst; Karstedt catalyst (Pt⁰ ine divinyltetramethyldisiloxane) inopinda zvakananga catalytic cycle. Mhando mhedzisiro: Speier inoratidza yakadudzwa induction nguva ine S-yakaita kurapa curve (inononoka kare, inomhanyisa gare gare) uye yakakwirira inoratidzika activation simba; Karstedt inoratidza hapana induction, yakakwirira yekutanga mwero ine inopinza exotherm, yakaderera activation simba.

Ichi chinyorwa chinovhara mikana yekushandiswa kweTeflon yakakwirira-tembiricha jira mune inobuda yakasimba-state bhatiri indasitiri. Nharaunda ina: Dry electrode / electrolyte membrane kugadzira - high-temperature anti-stick conveyor mabhandi ekupisa roll pressing (150-250 ° C) zvichiita kuti kupenengura kwakatsetseka kwemafirimu anozvitsigira; inopisa roller inovhara layer semi-permanent anti-stick layer; inochengetedza firimu yakatsetseka pamusoro, inoderedza kukanganisa, inovandudza goho. Kusunungura liners uye cushioning pads yekupisa-kudzvanya densification - sulfide / polymer mabhatiri anoda inopisa isostatic / flat pressing (100-300 ° C, makumi eMPa); PTFE jira rakaiswa pakati pebhatiri stack uye mold inodzivirira kunamatira, inogonesa yunifomu yekumanikidza kugovera kuburikidza ne micro-elasticity, inodzivirira kupisa mahwendefa.

Ichi chinyorwa chinovhara huwandu hwetsamba pakati pechikamu chegel uye kusimba kwakabatana mune silicone kumanikidza-inonzwa inonamira yeTeflon tepi. Gel chikamu = chikamu chemazana che crosslinked network isinganyunguriki mu toluene (Soxhlet extraction, 24hr). Simba rakabatana rinoratidzwa nepamusoro-tembiricha kubata simba (180 ° C, 1kg). Mitsara mitatu: pazasi yakakosha point (<60%) - hapana percolating network, inobata simba pedyo ne zero; maitiro anoshanda (60-85%) - simba rakabatana rinokura zvishoma nezvishoma nejeri chikamu, 60% → 70% inosimudza nguva yekubata kubva pamaminitsi kusvika kumaawa, 70% → 80% inopa 3-10x kuwedzera; high crosslinking (> 85%) - inowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma (85% → 95% chete 20-50% inowedzera), tack inodonha zvakanyanya,> 95% inorasikirwa nePSA zvinhu.

Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora shanduko kuPTFE molecular cheni pasi pe ultraviolet irradiation. Main-chain scission uye molecular weight reduction: UV (254nm, 471 kJ/mol) inotyora CC bond (347 kJ/mol), zvichikonzera homolysis, inogadzira CF₂-yakaguma mahara radicals, inopinza mamorekuru uremu kudonha, kurasikirwa kwekuoma uye kureba. Free radical reaction pathways: muokisijeni, peroxy radicals fomu, kurongazve kune acyl fluoride (-COF) uye carboxylic acid (-COOH) mapoka ekupedzisira, kusunungura COF₂ uye CO₂ (COF₂ hydrolyzes kuHF); mumhepo inert, kusaenzana/kubatanidzwa kunotonga, asi cheni scission inoramba ichinyanya.

Ichi chinyorwa chinovhara kushandiswa kweTeflon yakakwirira-tembiricha jira mune spacesuit thermal insulation layer. Material essence: PTFE-yakavharidzirwa fiberglass jira, rinozivikanwa muchadenga seBeta jira, kusanganisa machira kuchinjika nePTFE yakanyanyisa-environment inertness. Basa: yekunze dhizaini yeThermal Micrometeoroid Nguo (TMG) mune yekuwedzera yekufamba mayuniti, yakatarisana yakananga vacuum, yakanyanyisa tembiricha musiyano, uye micrometeoroids seyekutanga yemuviri / yekupisa chipingamupinyi yemafirimu emukati ane aluminium. Kunyanya kudzivirira kwezvakatipoteredza: inomira -200 ° C kusvika +260 ° C range (yakatarisana nezuva> 120 ° C kusvika kumumvuri -160 ° C); nzvimbo yakachena inoratidza mwaranzi yezuva; inochengetedza isina kusimba aluminium polyimide mafirimu kubva kune mavanga uye misodzi. Kubatsira kwekufamba: kukwenya kwakaderera PTFE pamusoro inodzivirira kusungirirana kwehuputi panguva yekukotama kwakabatana, kuve nechokwadi cheEVA kuchinjika.

Ichi chinyorwa chinovhara mabhenefiti ekushandisa kweTeflon yakakwirira-tembiricha jira mu lithium bhatiri electrode kuomesa. Inoshandiswa semabhandi ekutakurisa kana ma oven liner, kugadzirisa matambudziko matatu makuru: slurry adhesion, corrosion, uye electrode scratching. Nzvimbo ina dzakanakira: Electrode kunaka uye goho - anti-stick zvivakwa zvinodzivirira PVDF binder adhesion zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kupepeta; yunifomu thermal conductivity pa 100-140 ° C inodzivirira kuputika / kupisa; nzvimbo yakatsetseka inobvisa zvikwambo uye kubuda hupfu; Kugara uye kugadzikana kwekushanda - makemikari anopokana neNMP solvent uye electrolyte vapors pasina kuzvimba / kuchembera; kusimba kwepamusoro uye kugadzikana kwedimensional kubva kune fiberglass substrate yekunyatsomira; kucheneswa kuri nyore nekusarira zvishoma zvichienzaniswa nesimbi mesh mabhandi.

Ichi chinyorwa chinobata maitiro ekufananidza tembiricha yekuora uye hafu yehupenyu hweperoxide crosslinking agents (BPO neDCP) nehwindo rekurapa reTeflon tepi. Core data: BPO - 1-min hafu yeupenyu pa ~ 131 ° C, 1-hr pa ~ 92 ° C, 10-hr pa ~ 72 ° C; DCP - 1-min pa ~171°C, 1-awa pa ~135°C, 10-awa pa ~115°C. Kufananidza logic: adhesive inoda 97-99% crosslinking = 5-7 hafu yeupenyu; kuporesa nguva = 5-7 × hafu yeupenyu pane chinangwa chekushisa. Kumashure-karukureta tembiricha kubva kugadzira mutsara yekugara nguva kana kumashure-karukureta nguva kubva pakakwirira inobvumirwa tembiricha.

Ichi chinyorwa chinovhara yakajairwa mutsara wekumhanyisa renji yePTFE yakakwirira-tembiricha yejira impregnation yekugadzira mutsara. Kumhanya kwakajairika: 2-15 m / min, yakagadzikana yekushanda yakaenzana 3-8 m / min, micheka yakaonda / mitsetse yakakwira kusvika 10-15 m / min. Zvipingamupinyi kubva pakupinzwa kwemukati: jira rinofanira kunge rakazara zvakakwana nePTFE emulsion mufiber bundle mukati - yakanyanya kumhanya inokonzera kusakwana kupindira, resin nzara uye yakaoma fibers; emulsion viscosity, solids concentration, machira akarukwa density zvese zvinodzikisira mwero wekupinda, zvinoda kunonoka kumhanya kwemachira akakora/akakora. Kupfeka kunopfuura: akawanda anopfuura (2-6+) anodiwa kune dense chirema-isina coating; yekutanga kupfuura inononoka yekumisikidza, kunotevera kupasa kunogona kuwedzerwa zvine mwero.

Ichi chinyorwa chinofananidza mutsauko pakati pe infrared radiation kudziyisa uye kupisa-mhepo kutenderera kudziyisa pane yakachinjika chimiro kufanana kwesilicon adhesive layer. Maitiro ekupisa kupisa: mhepo inopisa-inofambisa, yakapfava uye inofambira mberi, ichigadzira mwero tembiricha gradient; IR imwaranzi-yekunyudza nekunyura kwepamusoro (micrometers kusvika mamilimita) ichigadzira kukwidza pamusoro-kusvika-mukati gradient. Mhedzisiro pacrosslink density kugovera: kupisa-mhepo inobvumira mukati nekunze zvikamu kupinda vulcanization tembiricha siyana panguva imwe chete, ichipa yunifomu crosslink density pamwe ukobvu; IR inokonzeresa kuti nzvimbo yepasi irape ipapo kugadzira ganda rakakora iro rinotadzisa kupisa kupisa, zvichikonzera kupinza kwakapinza kwecrosslink density kuderera kubva pamusoro mukati.

Ichi chinyorwa chinovhara zvesilica zvemukati uye mashandisirwo emhando yepamusoro-silica girazi fiber jira. Silica content specification: core indicator is SiO₂ ≥96% (standard 96-98%, premium grade> 99% kuburikidza neacid leaching uye sintering, ichiswedera yakachena quartz fiber). Kugadzira: E-girazi jira rinopinda inopisa acid leaching yekunyungudutsa zvisiri-silica components (boron oxide, sodium oxide), kugadzira porous high-silica skeleton, yobva yanyudzwa kuti densification. Core zvakanakira: kuenderera sevhisi pa 900 ° C mune oxidizing atmospheres, kwenguva pfupi pamusoro pe1200 ° C, kupfava padyo pedyo ne1700 ° C; kugadzikana kwemakemikari kunopesana neakawanda acids / alkali kunze kweHF uye inopisa phosphoric acid; yakaderera dielectric inogara uye yakatsiga insulation pakupisa kwakanyanya.