Eli nqaku livavanya impembelelo yohlobo lweplatinam ye-catalyst kunye noxinzelelo kwi-crosslinking kinetics yerubha ye-silicone eyongezelelweyo. Iintlobo ze-Catalyst: I-Speier catalyst (i-chloroplatinic acid, i-Pt⁴⁺) ifuna ukuncitshiswa kweentlobo ezisebenzayo ze-low-valent, ezisebenza njenge-precatalyst; I-Karstedt catalyst (Pt⁰ kunye ne-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane) ingena ngqo kumjikelezo we-catalytic. Uhlobo lweziphumo: I-Speier ibonisa ixesha elichaziweyo lokungeniswa kunye ne-S-shaped curing curve (icotha ngokukhawuleza, ikhawuleza kamva) kunye namandla aphezulu abonakalayo okuvula; I-Karstedt ayibonisi ukungeniswa, izinga eliphezulu lokuqala kunye ne-exotherm ebukhali, amandla okuvula aphantsi.

Eli nqaku libandakanya amathuba osetyenziso olunokubakho lwelaphu leTeflon lobushushu obuphezulu kushishino olusakhulayo lwebhetri yelizwe eliqinileyo. Imimandla emine: I-electrode eyomileyo / i-membrane ye-electrolyte yokuvelisa - amabhanti okuhambisa i-anti-stick anti-stick for hot roll pressing (150-250 ° C) eyenza i-peeling egudileyo yeefilimu ezizixhasayo; I-roller eshushu egqumayo njengomaleko we-anti-stick osisigxina; iqinisekisa ubuso befilimu obugudileyo, inciphisa iziphene, iphucula isivuno. Ukukhupha ii-liners kunye neepads zokunyusa ukuxinanisa okutshisayo - i-sulfide / iibhetri ze-polymer zifuna i-isostatic eshushu / i-flat pressing (100-300 ° C, amashumi e-MPa); Ilaphu le-PTFE elibekwe phakathi kwesitaki sebhetri kunye nokungunda lithintela ukunamathela, lenza ukuhanjiswa koxinzelelo olufanayo nge-micro-elasticity, ikhusela iipleyiti zokufudumeza.

Eli nqaku libandakanya ubungakanani bembalelwano phakathi kweqhezu lejeli kunye namandla adibeneyo kwi-silicone yokubambelela kwi-adhesives ye-Teflon tape. Iqhezu le-Gel = ipesenti yobuninzi bothungelwano oludibeneyo olungenakunyibilika kwi-toluene (i-Soxhlet extraction, 24hr). Amandla okubambisana abonakaliswe ngamandla obushushu obuphezulu (180 ° C, 1kg). Uluhlu oluthathu: ngaphantsi kwendawo ebalulekileyo (<60%) - akukho intanethi ye-percolating, ibambe amandla kufuphi ne-zero; uluhlu olusebenzayo (60-85%) - amandla okubambisana akhula ngokukhawuleza kunye neqhezu le-gel, i-60% → i-70% iphakamisa ixesha lokubamba ukusuka kwimizuzu ukuya kwiiyure, i-70% → i-80% inika ukwanda kwe-3-10x; i-crosslinking ephezulu (> 85%) - izuza ngokukhawuleza (85% → 95% kuphela i-20-50% yokwanda), i-tack yehla kakhulu, > i-95% ilahlekelwa iipropati ze-PSA.

Eli nqaku liphonononga utshintsho kwi-PTFE i-molecular chain chain phantsi kwe-ultraviolet irradiation. I-chain-chain scission kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima be-molecular: i-UV (254nm, 471 kJ / mol) iphula iibhondi ze-CC (347 kJ / mol), ezibangela i-homolysis, ivelise i-CF₂-iphelile i-radicals yamahhala, ukuhla kwe-molecular weight drop, ukulahleka kokuqina kunye nobude. Iindlela zokuphendula zamahhala: kwi-oksijeni, i-peroxy radicals ifom, ukulungiswa kwakhona kwi-acyl fluoride (-COF) kunye ne-carboxylic acid (-COOH) amaqela okugqibela, ukukhulula i-COF₂ kunye ne-CO₂ (i-COF₂ i-hydrolyzes kwi-HF); kwiatmosphes engasebenziyo, ukungalingani/ukudityaniswa kwakhona kuyalawula, kodwa isikruqe setsheyini sihleli siphambili.

Eli nqaku libandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwelaphu le-Teflon lobushushu obuphezulu kwi-spacesuit kwi-thermal insulation layers. Undoqo weMaterial: Ilaphu le-fiberglass egqunywe yi-PTFE, elaziwa kwi-aerospace njengelaphu le-Beta, ukudibanisa ukuguquguquka kwelaphu kunye ne-PTFE egqithisileyo-bume bendalo. Indima: umaleko ongaphandle we-Thermal Micrometeoroid Isambatho (TMG) kwiiyunithi zokushukuma ze-extravehicular, ezijongene ngqo ne-vacuum, ulwahlulo lobushushu obugqithisileyo, kunye ne-micrometeoroids njengesithintelo sokuqala somzimba / sobushushu kwiifilimu zangaphakathi ze-aluminum. Ukukhuselwa okugqithisileyo kokusingqongileyo: ukumelana noluhlu lwe -200 ° C ukuya +260 ° C (ukujongana nelanga> 120 ° C ukuya emthunzini -160 ° C); umphezulu omhlophe ubonakalisa imitha yelanga; ikhusela iifilimu ezibuthathaka ze-aluminum ze-polyimide kwimikrwelo kunye neenyembezi. Uncedo olushukumayo: umphezulu ophantsi we-PTFE uthintela ukugoba komgangatho ngexesha lokugoba, ukuqinisekisa ukuguquguquka kwe-EVA.

Eli nqaku ligubungela izibonelelo zosetyenziso lwelaphu leTeflon lobushushu obuphezulu kwi-lithium ibhetri yomiswa kwe-electrode. Isetyenziswa njengamabhanti okuhambisa okanye ii-oven liners, ukusombulula iingxaki ezintathu ezingundoqo: ukuncamathela okuludaka, ukubola, kunye nokukrwela i-electrode. Iindawo ezine inzuzo: Umgangatho we-Electrode kunye nesivuno - iipropathi ezichasene ne-anti-stick zithintela ukunamathela kwe-PVDF ye-binder eyenza kube lula ukuxobula okupheleleyo; I-uniform conductivity thermal conductivity kwi-100-140 ° C ikhusela ukukrazula / ukutshisa; umphezulu ogudileyo ususa imikrwelo kunye nokuchithwa komgubo; Ukuqina kunye nokuzinza kokusebenza - ukuchasana kweekhemikhali ngokuchasene ne-solvent ye-NMP kunye nomphunga we-electrolyte ngaphandle kokuvuvukala / ukuguga; amandla aphezulu kunye nozinzo olusuka kwi-fiberglass substrate yokubeka indawo echanekileyo; ukucocwa lula kunye nentsalela encinci xa kuthelekiswa namabhanti entsimbi.

Eli nqaku libandakanya indlela yokutshatisa iqondo lobushushu lokubola kunye nesiqingatha sobomi be-peroxide crosslinking agents (BPO kunye ne-DCP) kunye nefestile yenkqubo yokunyanga yeTeflon tape. Idatha engundoqo: I-BPO - i-1-min-half-life in ~ 131 ° C, i-1-hr kwi- ~ 92 ° C, i-10-iyure kwi- ~ 72 ° C; DCP — 1-min at ~171°C, 1-hr at ~135°C, 10-hr at ~115°C. Ingqiqo ehambelanayo: i-adhesive idinga i-97-99% crosslinking = 5-7 isiqingatha-ubomi; ixesha lokuphilisa = 5-7 × isiqingatha-ubomi kwiqondo lokushisa elijoliswe kuyo. Ubushushu bokubala umva ukusuka kwixesha lokuhlala kumgca wemveliso okanye umva ubale ixesha ukusuka kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu elivumelekileyo.

Eli nqaku libandakanya uluhlu lwesantya somgca we-PTFE wobushushu obuphezulu belaphu lokuvelisa umgca wemveliso. Isantya esiqhelekileyo: i-2-15 m / min, uluhlu oluzinzile lokusebenza 3-8 m / min, iingubo ezincinci / imigca yesantya esiphezulu ukuya kwi-10-15 m / min. Izithintelo ezivela ekungeneni kokungena: ilaphu kufuneka lizaliswe ngokupheleleyo nge-PTFE emulsion ibe yifiber bundle yangaphakathi - isantya esiphezulu sibangela ukungabikho ngokwaneleyo, indlala ye-resin kunye nemicu eyomileyo; i-emulsion viscosity, ukugxilwa kwezinto eziqinileyo, ukuxinana kwelaphu elilukiweyo konke kunciphisa izinga lokungena, kufuna isantya esicothayo kumalaphu ashinyeneyo/ ashinyeneyo. Ukugqithiswa kwe-Coating: iipasiti ezininzi (2-6+) ezifunekayo kwi-dense defect-free-free coating; ipasi lokuqala licothayo kwi-ankile, ukupasa okulandelayo kunokongezwa ngokuphakathi.

Eli nqaku lithelekisa iiyantlukwano phakathi kokufudumeza kwemitha ye-infrared kunye nokufudumeza komoya oshushu kwi-crosslinked structure efanayo ye-adhesive layer ye-silicone. Iindlela zokuhambisa ubushushu: umoya oshushu yi-convection-conduction, ithambile kwaye iqhubela phambili, idala iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi; I-IR kukufunxa ngemitha ngokufunxa okunzulu komphezulu (i-micrometers ukuya kwi-millimeters) idala umnqantsa wokuthambeka komphezulu ukuya ngaphakathi. Iimpembelelo kwi-crosslink density distribution: i-hot-air ivumela iinxalenye zangaphakathi nangaphandle ukuba zingene kuluhlu lobushushu be-vulcanization phantse ngaxeshanye, ukunikezela ukuxinana kwe-crosslink kunye nobukhulu; I-IR ibangela umaleko womphezulu ukuba unyange ngoko nangoko ukwenza ulusu olushinyeneyo oluthintela ukuhanjiswa kobushushu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuncipheni okubukhali koxinzelelo lwe-crosslink ukusuka kumphezulu ukuya ngaphakathi.

Eli nqaku ligubungela umxholo we-silica kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa kwelaphu leglasi ye-silica ephezulu. Inkcazo yomxholo we-silica: isalathisi esiphambili yiSiO₂ ≥96% (umgangatho we-96-98%, amabakala e-premium> 99% nge-acid leaching kunye ne-sintering, isondela kwi-quartz fiber ecocekileyo). Ukuvelisa: Ilaphu le-E-glass lifumana iasidi eshushu yokuvuza ukuze inyibilike amacandelo angeyo-silica (i-boron oxide, i-sodium oxide), idala i-porous high-silica skeleton, emva koko i-sintered ukwenzela ukuxinana. Iingenelo ezingundoqo: inkonzo eqhubekayo kwi-900 ° C kwi-atmospheres ye-oxidizing, ixesha elifutshane ngaphezu kwe-1200 ° C, indawo yokuthambisa kufuphi ne-1700 ° C; ukuzinza kweekhemikhali ngokuchasene ne-acids / alkalis ezininzi ngaphandle kwe-HF kunye ne-asidi ye-phosphoric eshushu; I-dielectric ephantsi rhoqo kunye ne-insulation ezinzile kumaqondo aphezulu.