Eli nqaku ligubungela izicelo ze-PTFE zobushushu obuphezulu belaphu kwiimveliso ezihlanganisiweyo ze-carbon fiber. Ukubumba ukunyanzeliswa: kubekwe phakathi kwe-molds kunye ne-prepregs ekhusela i-epoxy resin adhesion, eyenza ukubunjwa lula; I-sandwiched phakathi kweephaneli ezininzi ezibhityileyo ukunqanda ukunamathela. Ukubumba ibhegi ye-vacuum: ifilimu ephinda isetyenziswe phakathi kwelaphu le-prepreg kunye ne-breather, ivumela igesi / i-resin ukudlula ngelixa ivumela ukuxobulwa lula emva kokunyanga; icala elithuliweyo lidlulisela ukuthungwa komphezulu ocolekileyo ukuphucula uburhabaxa bokudibanisa, ukuphelisa isanti. Imveliso eqhubekayo: amabhanti okuhambisa angenamithungo angenamthungo athwala i-prepregs ngokufudumeza / ukucinezela iindawo; umqamelo umaleko usasaza uxinzelelo ngokulinganayo ukunciphisa ukujongwa kwendawo.

Eli nqaku livavanya ukuba nokwenzeka konyango lwedangatye lokuguqulwa komphezulu we-PTFE kwaye lithelekisa iziphumo kunye ne-corona kunye nonyango lwe-plasma. Ukwenzeka: idangatye linokuguqula i-PTFE kodwa inqabile ukusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso - imingcipheko yokhuseleko (i-PTFE ibolisa ukukhulula i-HF enetyhefu kunye ne-perfluoroisobutylene); ukusebenza okulinganiselwe (amandla omhlaba kuphela 30-35 mN / m, yenza umaleko womda obuthathaka). Iindlela zokusebenza: i-flame - i-oxidation ye-transient high-temperature (> 1000 ° C), i-etching encinci, amaqela ambalwa e-oksijini; i-corona - i-high-voltage discharge ivelisa i-ozone / i-oksijini esebenzayo, i-oxidation epholileyo, ukuxinwa kwamandla aphantsi akunakuphula iibhondi ze-CF; iplasma - amasuntswana anamandla aphezulu / ii-electron / radicals zasimahla ziqhawula ngokuthe ngqo iibhondi zeCF kunye namaqela e-polar egrafti (i-hydroxyl, i-carboxyl, i-amino).

Eli nqaku libandakanya indlela yokutshatisa isantya somatshini wokugquma kunye nobude be-oveni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-organosilicone incamathele ifikelela kwiqondo lokunyanga ekujoliswe kuko kwiteyiphu ye-PTFE yobushushu obuphezulu. Umgaqo ongundoqo wokuthelekisa: ixesha lokuhlala lilonke t_total = ubude be-oveni obusebenzayo L ÷ isantya somgca v kufuneka singabi ngaphantsi kwexesha elifunekayo lokunyanga. Fumana iimpawu zonyango nge-DSC okanye iimvavanyo zokunyanga ezincamathelayo ezibonisa 'iqondo lobushushu - ixesha eliphantsi lokunyanga' ubudlelwane. Imodeli yonyango elinganayo eyongezelekayo: yahlula i-oveni ngokwemimandla, bala i-ti=Li/v kunye ne-tcure(Ti), qinisekisa ∑(ti/tcure(Ti)) ≥1. Iinkqubo zokubala: misela imimandla yobushushu enobude uLi kunye namaqondo obushushu Ti; seta isantya somgca v, ubale ixesha lokuhlala kwindawo nganye kunye nomlinganiselo wegalelo; phinda de kube iyonke ≥1 (umda wokhuseleko 1.1-1.2 ucetyiswa).

Eli nqaku libandakanya imisebenzi ye-PTFE kwisigqubuthelo sokufakelwa kwe-thermal kwiinjini zomjukujelwa. Iindlela ezine: I-Endothermic decomposition — PTFE depolymerizes at ~400°C to tetrafluoroethylene (highly endothermic, ~3,000°C exposure yerhasi yokutsha), ukufunxa ubushushu obukhulu kunye nokukhupha amandla ashushu ukusuka eludongeni. Ukupholisa i-Transpiration kunye ne-gas film insulation - iigesi zokubola (i-tetrafluoroethylene) ziphuma ngaphandle nge-micro-pores, zisusa ukushisa komhlaba; ifilimu yegesi equkuqelayo ihlukanisa igesi yokutsha yobushushu obuphezulu eludongeni, inciphisa ubushushu obusondeleyo eludongeni nge>50%; ifilimu yegesi iguqula umda wesantya / ubushushu, ukunciphisa ukhukuliseko lwamasuntswana.

Eli nqaku libandakanya iziphumo zokukhanya kwe-gamma-ray kwisakhiwo se-PTFE kunye neempawu. Utshintsho lwesakhiwo sekhemikhali: imitha ye-gamma iqhawula amatyathanga aphambili eCC kunye namatyathanga asecaleni eCF (ixabiso le-G-3.0-3.5), ebangela i-scission yekhonkco elikhulu kunye nokwehla kobunzima bemolekyuli; kwioksijini, iiradicals zasimahla zenza i-peroxy radicals ezizisa i-acyl fluoride kunye namaqela okuphela kwe-carboxylic acid (i-hydrolyzing ukuya kwi-HF). Utshintsho lwesakhiwo esincitshisiweyo: i-crystallinity iphakama ekuqaleni (i-dose ephantsi, i-chain chain chain iphinda ilungelelanise) ize iwele (idosi ephezulu, iziphene ziphazamisa iikristale); Iqhekeza leekristale ze-lamellar zibe ziikristale ezincinci ezinocwangco olude olulahlekileyo. Ukuwohloka kwepropati: ubude ngexesha lekhefu buyehla ukusuka kwi-0.1 kGy emoyeni, ukulahlekelwa > 90% kwi ~ 1kGy — imathiriyeli iba lukhuni kwaye inkukuma; indawo yokunyibilika yehla ukusuka kwi-327°C ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-310°C; amaqela e-polar aphakamisa kancinane i-dielectric constant/ilahleko; utshintsho kumphezulu ukusuka kumhlophe ukuya kungwevu/mnyama kunye nokulahleka kweglosi.

Eli nqaku libandakanya iindlela zokulawula ubukhazikhazi be-PTFE yokwambathisa kwilaphu leTeflon lobushushu obuphezulu. Ulawulo lwezinga lokupholisa lusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwaye lusebenza kakhulu: Ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza (ukucima) ngeekhethini zomoya obandayo, iirola zokupholisa okanye iitanki zamanzi - amatyathanga emolekyuli aqandisela ngaphambi kolungiselelo oluyalelweyo, enze iikristale ezincinci ezingafezekanga; I-coating ithambile, iqinile kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okungabambekiyo, ukuqina kancinci / ukuxhathisa ukunxiba. Ukupholisa okucothayo (i-annealing) ngokusebenzisa icandelo lokugcinwa kobushushu kwi-10-50 ° C / h okanye ukupholisa isithando somlilo - amakhonkco e-molecular alungelelaniswa ngokupheleleyo kwii-spherulites ezinkulu ezipheleleyo; I-coating inobunzima obuphezulu, ukuchasana kokunxiba okugqwesileyo, imilinganiselo ezinzileyo, ukuguquguquka okuncitshisiweyo kunye nokunyuka kwe-brittleness.

Eli nqaku libandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwelaphu leTeflon lobushushu obuphezulu kwiziko lokujikeleza komoya oshushu. Ukwenzeka: kusetyenziswe njenge-cushion engagxili kwiibhanti ze-mesh okanye iitreyi xa ukushisa kwesithando somlilo ≤260 ° C (ukushisa okuphantsi kobushushu, ukususwa kwe-binder, ukunyanga kwe-slurry) - kuphucula ukuchithwa kunye nokukhetha ukusebenza kakuhle. Ithintelwe ngokungqongqo kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi/aphezulu (300-950°C) — PTFE ibolisa ikhupha i-HF eyityhefu kunye ne-perfluoroisobutylene, izixhobo ezibolayo kwaye ibangele ityhefu ebulalayo. Umgaqo wokhuseleko: ukuba ukushisa kwesithando somlilo akucaci okanye akunakuqinisekiswa ngaphantsi kwe-260 ° C, ungasebenzisi. Iimpawu eziphambili: inkonzo eqhubekayo -70 ° C ukuya ku-260 ° C, ixesha elifutshane le-300 ° C; ukungabambeki okugqithisileyo kunye nokungangeni kweekhemikhali; ukugquma kombane okugqwesileyo; ukungqubana okuphantsi (~0.04); isiseko se-fiberglass sibonelela ngamandla aphezulu.

Eli nqaku lithelekisa iiyantlukwano phakathi kokufudumeza kwe-infrared radiation kunye ne-hot-air circulation ukufudumeza iindlela zokuphilisa kwi-crosslinked structure efanayo ye-adhesive layers ye-silicone. Iindlela zokuhambisa ubushushu: umoya oshushu uxhomekeke kwi-convection-conduction ngokunyuka kobushushu obuthambileyo, umahluko omncinci wangaphakathi / wangaphandle wobushushu; I-IR inobunzulu bokungena obulinganiselweyo kunye nokufunxa okuqinileyo komphezulu (amashumi ukuya kumakhulu eemicrometers) idala umnqantsa wokuthambeka komphezulu ukuya ngaphakathi. Iimpembelelo ekufanisweni kwe-crosslink: umoya oshushu wenza ukunyanga okuhambelanayo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kunye nokuxinana kwe-crosslink efanayo; I-IR ibangela ukuba umaleko womphezulu wenze 'ifilimu yolusu' exineneyo ethintela ukwenziwa kobushushu kunye nokushukuma kwetsheyini yangaphakathi, idala ingxinano ye-crosslink eyehlayo ukusuka kumphezulu ukuya ngaphakathi.

Eli nqaku libandakanya uluhlu lwesantya somgca weTeflon wobushushu obuphezulu belaphu lokuvelisa umgca wemveliso. Uluhlu lwesantya: iimveliso ezinqabileyo eziqhelekileyo (0.08-0.30mm) kwi-0.5-3 m / min, zizinzile kwi-1-3 m / min; iimveliso ezityebileyo/ezininzi (≥0.4mm) kwi-0.3-1 m/min; imigca ephezulu ene-ovens emide inokufikelela kwi-3-6 m / min kodwa ifuna izixhobo. Izithintelo zenkqubo: ukomisa kunye ne-sintering kufuna ixesha lokuhlala (i-PTFE idinga i-1-3 min kwi-380-400 ° C; ukungonelanga kubangela ukunamathela / ukuqhekeka okubi); Isantya simiselwa bubuncinci bokumisa / ixesha le-sintering phantsi kobude be-oven esisigxina. Izithintelo zezinto eziphathekayo: i-solids ephezulu / i-viscosity dispersions ingena ngokukhawuleza; amalaphu ashinyeneyo afunxa ulwelo kwaye adlulise ubushushu ngokucothayo; Amalaphu abanzi athambekele kumda wombindi wombala umahluko afuna ukuncitshiswa kwesantya. Izixhobo kunye nokurhweba okusemgangathweni: ii-oveni ezinde zezone ezininzi zivumela isantya esiphezulu.

Eli nqaku libandakanya iyantlukwano phakathi kwe-emulsions ye-PTFE eveliswa yi-polymerization yokunqunyanyiswa vs ukusasazeka kwepolymerization. Ingcaciso: ukumiswa kwepolymerization ayikwazi ukuvelisa ngokuthe ngqo i-emulsion ye-PTFE; i-emulsion ye-PTFE yokwenyani ivela kuphela kwi-polymerization yokusasazwa. 'I-emulsion yendlela yokunqunyanyiswa' ngokwenene kukunqunyanyiswa kwamanzi okunqunyanyiswa komhlaba-polymerized resin micropowder. I-polymerization ye-Dispersion (i-emulsion yokuqala): i-spherical particles (0.1-0.3μm, ukusabalalisa okumxinwa), izinzile ngama-surfactants e-perfluorinated, ubunzima obuphezulu kakhulu be-molecular (> 94% crystallinity), i-fibrillation enamandla, idinga i-380 ° C sintering ukwenza ifilimu enzima eqhubekayo.