Xihloko lexi xi tivisa endlelo ra xisekelo leri heleleke ro chela lapi ra fiberglass hi PTFE emulsion. Magoza ya nkombo ya nkoka: 1 Pretreatment (dewaxing/desizing) eka 350-400°C ku susa switirhisiwa swo pima vukulu bya swiambalo; 2 Ku endliwa ka emulsion leyingana 40-55% wa swilo swo tiya na ti surfactants kuva yi antswisiwa ku tsakamisa; 3 Ku cheriwa hi ku tirhisa ndlela ya dip-squeeze kumbe ku peta blade ya dokodela; 4 Ku omisiwa eka 100-150°C kuva ku khuluka mati hiku olova naku endla filimi yo oma ya PTFE; 5 Ku sintering eka 360-390°C (kufika eka 400°C) ku n’okisa swiphemuphemu swa PTFE kuva swiva filimi leyi yaka emahlweni; 6 Multi-cycle impregnation-drying-sintering yi phindha-phindhiwa minkarhi ya 2-4 ku fikelela ku enta loku kongomisiweke na nhlayo ya resin (45-65%); 7 Vutshunguri bya le ndzhaku ku katsa na vutshunguri bya corona, ku tsemiwa ka makumu, ku rhendzeleka na ku kamberiwa ka khwalithi. Tindhawu ta vulawuri bya nkoka: dewaxing leyi heleleke, ku tsakamisa hi emulsion hiku hetiseka, ku omisiwa hakatsongotsongo, mahiselo ya sintering lawa ya kongomeke, na density ya coating leyi nga cincekiki. Swihumelerisiwa swi tirhela ti laminates ta frequency yale henhla leti funengetiweke hi copper, ti conveyor belts ta mahiselo yale henhla na switirhisiwa swa architectural membrane.

Xihloko lexi xi katsa swikombiso swa nkoka swa matirhelo ya thepi ya mahiselo yale henhla ya PTFE leyi tirhisiwaka eka ku peta hi vacuum, vutshunguri byo hisa bya vacuum na tindzhawu leti fanaka. Swilaveko swa nkoka swihambana swinene na matirhiselo ya xibakabaka: ku humesiwa ka gasi swina nkoka swinene (TML≤1%, CVCM≤0.1%; tigiredi ta aerospace/optical ti lava TML≤0.5%, CVCM≤0.01%); ku tiya ka mahiselo swifanele ku tiyisisiwa eka hinkwaswo swa PTFE substrate (260°C) na adhesive layer; silicone PSA leyi basisiweke hi ndlela yo hlawuleka leyi nga na gasi ya le hansi ya laveka ku sivela ku thyakisa ka siloxane; matimba yo khoma mahiselo yale henhla ya sivela creep na edge lifting; ku basa swilava leswaku kungavi na ku khuluka ka fibre xikan’we na nhlayo yale hansi ya ionic; thepi leyi lwisanaka na static (ku tiya ka le henhla ka misava 106-109 Ω/sq) yi sivela ku onhaka ka ESD; ku lwisana ka plasma kufanele ku kamberiwa eka maendlelo ya sputtering/PECVD; kuhunguteka ka mahiselo ehansi ka 2% switiyisisa ku kongoma ka masking.

Xihloko lexi xi tivisa ti organic solvents leti lapi ra mahiselo yale henhla ya PTFE ringa tiyiselaka. Lapi ra fiberglass leri pfanganisiweke na PTFE ri kombisa ku nga tirhi ka tikhemikhali loku hlawulekeke, ku lwisana na kwalomu ka ti organic solvents hinkwato leti tolovelekeke ehansi ka swiyimo swa ntolovelo swa ntirho handle ko n’oka, ku pfimba kumbe ku cinca ka tikhemikhali. Swiyenge leswi tiyiseleriwaka swi katsa: ti-alcohol (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol), ti- ketone (acetone, MEK, cyclohexanone), ti-ester (ethyl acetate, butyl acetate), tihayidirokhaboni (petirolo, toluene, xylene, hexane), tihayidirokhaboni leti nga na halogen (dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride), ti-ether (diethyl ether, THF), ti-organic acid (glacial acetic acid, formic acid), ti-amine na ti-amide (triethylamine, DMF), ti-phenol, na swin’wana swo fana na khaboni disulfide, pyridine, oyili ya silicone na mati ya maburuku.

Xihloko lexi xi katsa swilaveko swa mpimo wa ku kufumela hi nkarhi wa PTFE high-temperature cloth sintering. Endzhaku ko sintering eka 380-400°C, lapi rifanele ku hundza hiku hatlisa eka 310-315°C crystallization-sensitive zone. Nhlayo ya ku kufumela leyi ringanyetiwaka i kwalomu ka 30-50°C/min (lapi ro olova ringa fikelela 100-200°C/min hiku tirhisa ku kufumela ka moya). Ku kufumela hiku hatlisa (quenching) swihumelerisa crystallinity yale hansi (45-50%), leswi humesaka swifunengeto swo olova, swo tiya leswingana swiphemu swo olova, ku namarhela loku tiyeke, matirhelo ya kahle swinene ya non-stick, xikan’we naku lwisana na delamination naku pandzeka. Ku kufumela hiku nonoka (furnace cooling) swiendla leswaku kuva na crystallinity yale henhla (60-70%), leswi endlaka leswaku kuva na ti rigid, brittle coatings leti talaka ku hunguteka, ku tshoveka na ti microcracks.

Xihloko lexi xi pimanisa ku vupfa ka mahiselo ya kamara na mahiselo ya le henhla ya xinamarheti lexi twaka ntshikelelo wa silicone xa thepi ya PTFE. Ku vupfa ka mahiselo yale henhla (120-180°C) swiendla ti dense crosslinked networks letingana matimba yo tiya ya cohesive, leswi sivelaka masalela ya adhesive endzhaku ko rhurhumela. Yi endla ti chemical anchoring bonds na PTFE substrates hiku tirhisa primer co-curing, leswi herisaka makhombo ya delamination. Ku vupfa ka mahiselo yale henhla switlhela swisusa ti low-molecular volatiles loko kungase rhumeriwa, leswi sivelaka ku bubbling xikan’we naku thyakisa oil ya silicone hinkarhi waku hisiwa kosungula.

Nkongomiso lowu wu katsa ku hlawuriwa ka thepi ya mahiselo yale henhla ya PTFE eka injection molding demolding na switirhisiwa swa anti-stick. Ku hlawuriwa loku sekeriweke eka mahiselo: ≤260°C eka tipulasitiki to angarhela (standard silicone PSA tape, 0.13-0.18mm); 260-300°C eka tipulasitiki ta vunjhiniyara ta mahiselo yale henhla yofana na PC, PA66, POM (xinamarheti xa silicone xa mahiselo yale henhla, 0.18-0.25mm); 300-400°C eka PEEK, LCP, PPS ekusuhi na switsutsumi swo hisa (thepi yo namarhela ya tsandzeka; tirhisa lapi ra PTFE leri nga riki na namarheta kumbe filimi ya PFA). Ku hlawuriwa loku sekeriweke eka switirhisiwa: switirhisiwa swa tacky swilava high-release pure PTFE surfaces; switirhisiwa leswi taleke hi nghilazi/minerali swi lava thepi yo tika ya 0.25mm+ leyi nga onhakiki; swiengeteri leswi onhaka swi lava xinamarheti lexi lwisanaka na tikhemikhali na substrate yo enta; switirhisiwa leswi nga na vuxiyaxiya bya static swi lava thepi ya anti-static black PTFE.

Lapi ra mahiselo yale henhla ra PTFE leri nga na ku tsana ka le henhla ri endliwa hi ku peta PTFE eka lapi ra fiberglass ra matimba swinene, leri nyikaka matimba yo tsana, ku lwisana na ku hisa, swivumbeko leswi nga namarheliki, ku lwisana na tikhemikhali, na ku hlangana ka le hansi. Switirhisiwa swa nkoka swikatsa: ku hundzisela ka ti indasitiri (ku pakiwa ka heat shrink, ku baka swakudya, swigwitsirisi swa swiambalo, ku omisiwa ka maphepha/filimi); lapi ro humesa xivumbeko xa composite na ti hot press cushion liners; ku welda tikheteni to sirhelela na tijakete to pfalela ku hisa; ku pfaleriwa ka movha wa gezi na transformer; ku aka tibeyari leti rhetaka na swiseketelo swa tiphayiphi; ku sefiwa ka tikhemikhali na ku pfariwa ka valve eka tindzhawu letinga bola. Matimba yale henhla ya tensile ya tiyisisa ku tiya ehansi ka tension, ku handzuka, ku olovisiwa hiku phindha-phindha, na ntshikelelo wa michini ya mahiselo yale henhla eka switirhisiwa leswi swohambana hambana swa ntirho wo tika.

Hi nkarhi wa sintering, ti particles ta PTFE eka fiberglass fabric ti n’oka ehenhla ka 327°C, leswi herisa ti original folded-chain lamellae xikan’we na mindzilakano ya ti particles kuva ti endla amorphous melt. Loko yi hola, PTFE yi recrystallizes kuva sherulites leyi vumbiweke hi radially oriented lamellae, laha crystallinity yinga exikarhi ka 50–70%. Mpimo wa ku kufumela wu boha ku hetiseka ka crystal: ku kufumela hiku nonoka swi humesa crystallinity yale henhla, spherulites leyikulu, ku tiya lokukulu; ku tima hiku hatlisa swinyika ti spherulites letintsongo xikan’we naku antswisiwa ka ku olova.

Lapi ra fiberglass leri pfanganisiweke na PTFE ri tirhisiwa ngopfu eka ku lulamisiwa ka rhaba hikokwalaho ka ku tiya ka rona, ku nga namarheli, na ku hlangana ka le hansi. Switirhisiwa swa nkoka swikatsa: ti release liners ta plate/vacuum vulcanization xikan’we naku vumba mathayere; mabandhi yo fambisa lama nga namarheliki ya swigayo leswi pfulekeke, tikhalendara ni tilayini to kufumeta; lapi ro hlanganisa ra vuhlayiselo bya rhaba leyi nga hetiwangiki ngopfu; ku khomiwa hi ndlela yo hlawuleka ka silicone na fluororubber; na titreyi ta oven to post-curing. Mimbuyelo yikatsa ku herisa ku namarhela ka mold, ku hunguta kutirhisiwa ka release agent, ku sivela ku phutsela ka roller, naku tiyisisa ku demolding hiku olova.

Ku sintering yale hansi swisiya PTFE yinga n’oki, leswi endlaka leswaku kuva na ti micro-pores, ku namarhela lokunga kahle, swiphemu leswinga khwaxa, matimba yale hansi ya michini, xikan’we naku languteka ka masi. Ku hisa ngopfu swi onha PTFE, swi humesa ti pinholes, ti bubbles, brittleness, muhlovo wotshuka kuya eka ntima, na musi lowu nga na chefu. Havumbirhi bya swona swi onha compactness, non-stick performance, ku cinca-cinca, insulation, na ku tiya ka dimensional. Ndzhawu leyinene ya 370–400°C yi humesa semi-transparent, smooth, tan coating. Ku kamberiwa hi mahlo: matte white = under-sintered; yellow/brittle = ku sintered ku tlula mpimo. (296 wa tichara) .