Xihloko lexi xi katsa minkarhi leyi nga vaka kona ya ku tirhisiwa ka lapi ra mahiselo ya le henhla ya Teflon eka indasitiri ya betri ya xiyimo xo tiya leyi tumbulukaka. Tindzhawu ta mune: Ku endliwa ka dry electrode/electrolyte membrane — ti anti-stick conveyor belts ta mahiselo yale henhla ta hot roll pressing (150-250°C) leswi endlaka leswaku kuva na ku tshoveriwa loku rhetaka ka tifilimi leti tiyimeleke; hot roller covering layer tani hi leyara ya semi-permanent ya anti-stick; switiyisisa leswaku vuandlalo bya film byi rhetela, swihunguta swihoxo, swiantswisa mbuyelo. Ti liners to ntshunxa na ti cushioning pads ta densification yo hisa hi ku tshikelela — tibetiri ta sulfide/polymer ti lava ku kandziyela ka isostatic/flat yo hisa (100-300°C, makume ya MPa); Lapi ra PTFE leri vekiweke exikarhi ka battery stack na mould ri sivela ku namarhela, ri endla leswaku ku hangalasiwa ka ntshikelelo lowu fanaka hi ku tirhisa micro-elasticity, ri sirhelela tipuleti to kufumeta.

Xihloko lexi xi kambisisa ku cinca eka tikhetane ta timolekhuli ta PTFE ehansi ka miseve ya ultraviolet. Main-chain scission xikan’we naku hunguta ntiko wa molecular: UV (254nm, 471 kJ/mol) yi tshoveka ti CC bonds (347 kJ/mol), leswi endlaka leswaku kuva na homolysis, leswi humesaka CF2-terminated free radicals, ku hunguteka lokukulu ka ntiko wa molecular, ku lahlekeriwa hi ku tiya na ku leha. Tindlela ta ku angula ka ti-free radical: eka okisijini, ti- peroxy radical ti vumbiwa, ti tlhela ti hleriwa ku va mintlawa ya makumu ya acyl fluoride (—COF) na carboxylic acid (—COOH), ti humesa COF2 na CO2 (COF2 yi hydrolyzes ku ya eka HF); eka ti atmospheres letinga tirhiki, disproportionation/recombination yi lawula, kambe chain scission yitshama yiri kona ngopfu.

Xihloko lexi xi katsa ku tirhisiwa ka lapi ra Teflon ra mahiselo yale henhla eka ti spacesuit thermal insulation layers. Nkoka wa swilo: Lapi ra fiberglass leri pfanganisiweke na PTFE, leri tivekaka eka aerospace tani hi lapi ra Beta, leri hlanganisaka ku olova ka lapi na PTFE extreme-environment inertness. Ntirho: leyara ya le handle swinene ya Thermal Micrometeoroid Garment (TMG) eka tiyuniti ta ku fambafamba ka le handle ka movha, leyi langutaneke hi ku kongoma eka vacuum, ku hambana ka mahiselo yo tlula mpimo, na ti micrometeoroids tanihi xisirhelelo xo sungula xa physical/thermal eka tifilimi ta le ndzeni leti aluminized. Nsirhelelo lowukulu swinene wa mbango: wu tiyisela -200°C kuya eka +260°C range (yi langutane na dyambu >120°C kuya eka ndzhuti -160°C); vuandlalo byo basa byi kombisa miseve ya dyambu; yi sirhelela tifilimi ta polyimide ta aluminized leti nga tiyangiki eka ku khwaxa na ku handzuka. Mpfuneto wa ku famba: low friction PTFE surface yi sivela layer tangling hinkarhi wa joint bending, ku tiyisisa ku olova ka EVA.

Xihloko lexi xi katsa swipfuno swa ku tirhisiwa ka lapi ra mahiselo yale henhla ya Teflon eka ku omisiwa ka electrode ya betri ya lithium. Yitirhisiwa tani hi conveyor belts kumbe ti oven liners, yi tlhantlha swiphiqo swinharhu swa nkoka: ku namarhela ka slurry, corrosion, na electrode scratching. Tindhawu ta mune leti pfunaka: Khwalithi ya electrode na mbuyelo — swivumbeko swa anti-stick swi sivela ku namarhela ka PVDF binder leswi endlaka leswaku ku olova ku rhurhumela loku heleleke; uniform thermal conductivity eka 100-140°C yi sivela ku pandzeka/ku hisa; xivumbeko xo olova xi herisa ku khwaxa na ku khuluka ka powder; Ku tiya na ku tiya ka ntirho — ku lwisana na tikhemikhali eka NMP solvent na electrolyte vapors handle ko pfimba/ku dyuhala; matimba yale henhla ya tensile xikan’we naku tiya ka dimensional kusuka eka fiberglass substrate kuva ku vekiwa kahle; ku basisiwa ko olova hi masalela nyana loko ku pimanyisiwa na mabandhi ya mesh ya nsimbi.

Xihloko lexi xi katsa rivilo ra layini leri tolovelekeke ra layini ya vuhumelerisi bya PTFE ya mahiselo ya le henhla ya lapi ya impregnation. Rivilo leri tolovelekeke: 2-15 m/min, ndzhawu yo tirha leyi tiyeke 3-8 m/min, malapi yo olova/milayeni ya rivilo lerikulu kuya fika eka 10-15 m/min. Swipimelo kusuka eka ku nghena ka impregnation: lapi rifanele kuva ri tatiwe hiku hetiseka hi PTFE emulsion eka fibre bundle interiors — rivilo rale henhla swinene rivanga impregnation leyinga ringanelangiki, ndlala ya resin xikan’we na ti fibre leti omeke; emulsion viscosity, solids concentration, fabric weave density hinkwaswo swihunguta penetration rate, leswi lavaka rivilo ro nonoka eka malapi yo tiya/yo tsindziyela. Ku hundza ka ku peta: ku hundza ko tala (2-6+) loku lavekaka eka ku peta loku nga riki na swihoxo swo enta; first pass slower for anchoring, ku hundza loku landzelaka kunga engeteriwa hiku ringanela.

Xihloko lexi xi katsa nhlayo ya silica na swiyimo swa ku tirhisiwa ka lapi ra fibre ya nghilazi ya silica yale henhla. Nhlamuselo ya nhlayo ya silica: xikombiso xa nkoka i SiO2 ≥96% (standard 96-98%, tigiredi ta premium >99% hiku tirhisa acid leaching na sintering, ku tshinelela pure quartz fiber). Ku endliwa: E-glass fabric yi endla hot acid leaching kuva yi n’okisela swiphemu leswingariki swa silica (boron oxide, sodium oxide), leswi endlaka leswaku kuva na porous high-silica skeleton, kutani yi sinteriwa kuva yi densification. Swipfuno swa nkoka: vukorhokeri lebyi yaka emahlweni eka 900°C eka swibakabaka leswi oxidizing, nkarhi wo koma ehenhla ka 1200°C, ndzhawu yo olova ekusuhi na 1700°C; ku tshamiseka ka tikhemikhali eka ti acid/alkali totala handle ka HF na phosphoric acid yo hisa; dielectric constant yale hansi xikan’we na insulation leyi tiyeke eka mahiselo yale henhla.

Xihloko lexi xi katsa xiendlakalo xa delamination xa lapi ra Teflon ra mahiselo yale henhla. Delamination swivula ku hambanisiwa naku peeling exikarhi ka surface PTFE coating na internal fiberglass base fabric kumbe exikarhi ka ti coating layers totala. Swikombiso leswi voniwaka: ku pfimba/ku rhurhumela (swiphepherhele leswi tlakukeke leswi nga na ku titwa ka hollow) tanihi swikombiso swo sungula; interlayer peeling na coating leyi susiwaka hiku olova eka maphepha lawa ya paluxaka fiberglass yo basa; localized whitening leyi landzeriwaka hiku flaking endzhaku ka kuhisa/friction. Swivangelo leswikulu: Ku onhaka ka ntshikelelo wa mahiselo — ku hambana ka ti thermal expansion coefficients exikarhi ka PTFE na fiberglass swi endla leswaku ku va na ntshikelelo wa le ndzeni, swirhendzevutani swa xihatla swa ku hisa/ku kufumela swi vanga ku hambana; Swihoxo swa khwalithi ya vuhumelerisi — vutshunguri lebyi nga ringanelangiki bya le henhla ka fiberglass, PTFE impregnation yoka yingari kahle, sintering leyinga ringanelangiki leswi vangaka ku tsana ka interfacial bonding.

Xihloko lexi xi hlamusela swihlawulekisi swa microstructural swa lapi ra Teflon ra mahiselo yale henhla. Substrate skeleton: xivumbeko xa glass fibre weaving eka ti plain/twill weaves letingana porosity yale henhla (micron-scale pores endzeni ka ti fibre bundles nale ka warp-weft nodes) leswi nyikaka ndzhawu ya PTFE impregnation. Mofoloji ya ku peta: full impregnation encapsulation yi vumba 'reinforced concrete' xivumbeko laha ti fibre ta nghilazi ti nga xiphemu xo tiyisisa, PTFE i matrix leyi yaka emahlweni; surface nodular microstructure ya ti nodules (ti particles) leti hlanganisiweke hi ti fibrils letintsongo leti vumbiweke hi nkarhi wa sintering; continuous dense skin layer (yo hlaya kuya eka makume ya ti microns hiku enta) ya pure PTFE tani hi xisirhelelo xa nkoka xa ku nga tirhi ka tikhemikhali, swivumbeko leswinga namarheli, na ku pfaleriwa ka gezi.

Xihloko lexi xi kambisisa ku cinca ka xivumbeko eka lapi ra mahiselo yale henhla ya PTFE hi nkarhi wa ku dyuhala. Swiyenge swa mune: PTFE coating microstructure — molecular chain scission na oxidation (ku tumbuluxiwa ka ntlawa wa carbonyl/carboxyl), ku cinca ka crystallinity (ku tlakuka ka ha ri na nkarhi kutani ku wa), ku tumbuluxiwa ka micro-crack na pinhole, ku endliwa ka powder ya le henhla; Glass fibre substrate na interface — sizing/coupling agent decomposition leswi vangaka ku lahlekeriwa hi bonding, interfacial debonding na delamination (blistering, tindzhawu to basa), glass fibre network erosion na embrittlement, alkali metal oxide precipitation leswi vangaka stress corrosion; Xivumbeko xa macroscopic na xivumbeko — ku cinca ka muhlovo (wo basa→beige→buraweni→ntima), shrinkage deformation na curling, surface roughening xikan’we naku lahlekeriwa hi gloss, powder loko u khumbiwa, ku lahlekeriwa hiku hetiseka ka ku olova. Nkoka wa ku dyuhala: endlelo leri yaka emahlweni ra 'ku onhaka ka coating → ku tsandzeka ka interface → ku onhaka ka substrate.'

Xihloko lexi xi katsa ndlela yo lawula nkarhi wa sintering wa PTFE high-temperature fabric. Ndlela ya vulawuri bya nkoka: ku lulamisiwa ka rivilo ra layini. Nkarhi wo sintering = ku leha ka xiphemu xo kufumeta lexi tirhaka ÷ rivilo ro famba ra lapi. Threshold ya sintering leyi tirhaka i 350°C (ehenhla ka mahiselo lawa ya hlayiwa tani hi nkarhi wa sintering). Ku hangalasiwa ka mahiselo ya ti zone totala: ku hisiwa ka ha ri emahlweni (100-250°C), ku sintering (360-395°C), ku vekiwa ka mahiselo yale henhla (380-390°C), ku kufumela (ehansi ka 300°C). Minkarhi ya swikombo eka 380-390°C: yi vevuka (0.08-0.13mm) 30-60 wa tisekoni; xiyimo xa le henhla (0.18-0.25mm) 1.5-3 wa timinete; ku tika (≥0.35mm) 3-5 wa timinete. Ku tiveka naku lulamisiwa: under-sintering (matimba yale hansi, ku khuluka ka powder, micro-cracks) → hunguta rivilo ku engetela nkarhi; over-sintering (ku tshwuka, ku brittleness, musi wo basa) → engetela rivilo ku hunguta vutshamo. Ku ringana ka mahiselo-nkarhi swipfumelela high-temp fast sintering (395-405°C, seconds) kumbe low-temp slow sintering (360-375°C, 5-8 wa timinete).