Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe angagwirizanitsire liwiro la mzere wa makina okutira ndi kutalika kwa uvuni kuti zitsimikizire kuti zomatira za organosilicone zikufika pa digiri yochiritsa ya tepi yotentha kwambiri ya PTFE. Mfundo yofananira yapakati: nthawi yonse yokhala t_total = kutalika kwa uvuni L ÷ liwiro la mzere v kuyenera kukhala kosachepera nthawi yochizira. Pezani machiritso kudzera ku DSC kapena kuyezetsa zomatira zomwe zimakhazikitsa ubale wa 'kutentha - nthawi yocheperako'. Mtundu wofananira wochiritsa: gawani uvuni m'magawo, werengerani ti=Li/v ndi tcure(Ti), onetsetsani ∑(ti/tcure(Ti)) ≥1. Njira zowerengera: ikani madera otentha ndi kutalika kwa Li ndi kutentha kwa Ti; khazikitsani liwiro la mzere v, kuwerengera nthawi yokhala ndi gawo lililonse ndi chiŵerengero cha zopereka; bwerezani mpaka ≥1 (malire achitetezo 1.1-1.2 akulimbikitsidwa).

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zotsatira za kuyatsa kwa gamma-ray pamapangidwe a PTFE ndi katundu. Kusintha kwa mankhwala: kuwala kwa gamma kumathyola maunyolo akuluakulu a CC ndi maunyolo a CF mbali (G-mtengo 3.0-3.5), kuchititsa kugwedezeka kwakukulu ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa maselo; mu okosijeni, ma radicals aulere amapanga ma peroxy radicals oyambitsa ma acyl fluoride ndi magulu omaliza a carboxylic acid (hydrolyzing to HF). Kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a condensed: crystallinity imakwera poyambilira (mlingo wochepa, unyolo waufupi umasinthanso) kenako umagwa (mlingo wapamwamba, zolakwika zimasokoneza makhiristo); Chidutswa cha makristalo a lamellar kukhala ma crystallites ang'onoang'ono omwe amasowa nthawi yayitali. Kuwonongeka kwa katundu: kutalika kwa nthawi yopuma kumatsika kuchoka pa 0.1 kGy mumlengalenga, kutaya> 90% pa ~ 1kGy - zinthu zimakhala zolimba komanso zolimba; malo osungunuka amatsika kuchoka pa 327 ° C kufika pansi pa 310 ° C; magulu a polar amakweza pang'ono kutayika kwa dielectric / kutayika; kusintha kwa pamwamba kuchokera ku zoyera kupita ku imvi / zakuda ndi kutayika kwa gloss.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza ubwino wa ntchito ya nsalu ya Teflon yotentha kwambiri mu lithiamu batire electrode kuyanika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malamba otengera kapena zomangira uvuni, kuthetsa mavuto atatu akulu: slurry adhesion, corrosion, and electrode scratching. Ubwino wa madera anayi: Electrode quality ndi zokolola - odana ndi ndodo katundu kuteteza PVDF binder adhesion kuloza mosavuta wathunthu peeling; yunifolomu matenthedwe conductivity pa 100-140 ° C amalepheretsa ang'ambike / kuyaka; yosalala pamwamba kumathetsa zokhala ndi ufa kukhetsa; Kukhazikika ndi kukhazikika kwa magwiridwe antchito - kukana kwamankhwala motsutsana ndi zosungunulira za NMP ndi nthunzi za electrolyte popanda kutupa / ukalamba; kulimba kwamphamvu kwambiri komanso kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe kuchokera ku gawo lapansi la fiberglass kuti muyike bwino; kuyeretsa kosavuta ndi zotsalira zochepa poyerekeza ndi malamba azitsulo.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zochitika za delamination za nsalu ya Teflon yotentha kwambiri. Delamination amatanthauza kulekana ndi kusenda pakati pa PTFE zokutira pamwamba ndi mkati fiberglass maziko nsalu kapena pakati angapo ❖ kuyanika zigawo. Mawonetseredwe owoneka: matuza / kuphulika (kukweza thovu ndi kumveka kopanda kanthu) ngati zizindikiro zoyambirira; kupukuta kwa interlayer ndi zokutira kuchotsedwa mosavuta m'mapepala owonetsa magalasi oyera a fiberglass; kuyera komweko komwe kumatsatiridwa ndi kuphulika pambuyo pa kutentha/kukangana. Zomwe zimayambitsa: Kuwonongeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwamafuta - kusiyanasiyana kwamafuta owonjezera amafuta pakati pa PTFE ndi fiberglass kumapangitsa kupsinjika kwamkati, kutentha kwachangu / kuzizira kumayambitsa kutsekeka; Kuwonongeka kwa khalidwe la kupanga - kusakwanira kwa magalasi a fiberglass pamwamba, kusamalidwa bwino kwa PTFE, kusakwanira kwa sintering komwe kumayambitsa mgwirizano wofooka wa nkhope.

Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana kusintha kwapangidwe mu nsalu ya PTFE yotentha kwambiri pa ukalamba. Zinayi: PTFE ❖ kuyanika microstructure - molecular unyolo scission ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni (carbonyl/carboxyl gulu mapangidwe), crystallinity kusintha (kunyamuka koyambirira kenako kugwa), yaying'ono mng'alu ndi pinhole mapangidwe, pamwamba ufa; Galasi CHIKWANGWANI gawo lapansi ndi mawonekedwe - kusang'ana/kulumikiza wothandizila kuchititsa kutayika kwa zomangira, kugwirizana pakati pa nkhope ndi delamination (matuza, malo oyera), kukokoloka kwa netiweki ya magalasi ndi kusungunula, mpweya wa alkali chitsulo okusayidi womwe umayambitsa kupsinjika; Maonekedwe a macroscopic - kusintha kwa mtundu (woyera → beige→ bulauni → wakuda), mapindikidwe opindika ndi kupindika, kukwiyitsa pamwamba ndi gloss kutayika, kukhala ufa ukakhudza, kutaya kwathunthu kusinthasintha. Mkhalidwe wa ukalamba: njira yopita patsogolo ya 'kuwonongeka kwa zokutira → kulephera kwa mawonekedwe → kuwonongeka kwa gawo lapansi.'

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza chitsanzo cha kusintha kwa mgwirizano mphamvu ya PTFE mkulu-kutentha tepi zomatira wosanjikiza pambuyo kukalamba kutentha. Chitsanzo cha magawo atatu: Pambuyo pochiritsa kukwera siteji (kutentha koyambirira kwa kutentha kwa 200-260 ° C, magulu otsalira otsalira akupitirizabe kuphatikizika, kugwirizana kumawonjezeka kwambiri); Gawo lokhazikika lokhazikika (njira zolumikizirana zimatsirizika, mgwirizano umakhalabe wokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali); Kuwonongeka ndi kutsika siteji (nthawi yochulukirapo / kutentha kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa unyolo, mgwirizano umachepetsa, zomatira zimafewetsa ndikukhala zovuta). Zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa mgwirizano (zotsalira zamkati zong'ambika) ndi kufinya (kuzizira kochokera m'mbali chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa modulus) zimawunikidwa.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za ntchito ya nsalu ya Teflon yotentha kwambiri pamakampani amagetsi adzuwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mu module lamination: kutulutsa nsalu yoyikidwa pamwamba / pansi pa ma PV modules kumalepheretsa EVA yosungunuka (140-150 ° C) kuti isamamatire ndi mbale yotentha kapena mbale ya rabara, kuteteza zipangizo ndi kuonetsetsa kuti pali malo osalala; malamba onyamula laminator kuti azitsitsa / kutsitsa; Nsalu zodzitchinjiriza za rabara zomwe zimakulitsa moyo wautumiki. Ma cell stringer soldering: malamba onyamula ma cell ndi riboni kudzera m'malo otenthetsera, okhala ndi malo osasunthika omwe amakana kutulutsa ndi ma solder splashes; Kutenthetsa nsanja cushioni kwa soldering workstations. Kutentha kwapamwamba: kukulunga kwa machubu otentha, ma thermocouples, zingwe mu laminator ndi ma uvuni ochiritsira; zida zotchingira matenthedwe makatani ndi zishango.

Nkhaniyi chimakwirira masitepe pretreatment chofunika kwa fiberglass nsalu pamaso PTFE emulsion impregnation. Khwerero 1: Kutenthetsa kutentha/kutsuka phula pa 300-450°C kuti muchotse sera ya parafini ndi mafuta pamwamba pa phula (parafini sera, zotumphukira za wowuma), zotsalira zotsalira zofunika kutsika ndi 0.2%, kupanga 'nsalu yothira phula.' Gawo 2: Mankhwala opangira mankhwala apamwamba - kupaka silane,KH-50 coupling,KH-50 A-174) kupanga filimu yolumikizana ndi mankhwala pamtunda, ndikupangitsa mlatho wa molekyulu pakati pa ulusi wagalasi ndi organic PTFE; Nsalu zomwe zidagulitsidwa kale zitha kudumpha izi koma ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa. Khwerero 3: Kuyanika ndi kutentha koyambirira - kuyanika pa 80-120 ° C kwa maola 1-2 kuti muchepetse chinyezi pansi pa 0.1%, kupewa kupangika kwa thovu / zopanda kanthu pochiritsa.

Nkhaniyi ikupereka njira zowonjezerera kukana kukwawa komanso kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali kwa tepi ya Teflon yotentha kwambiri. Njira zikuphatikizapo: Kukhathamiritsa kwa ma molekyulu a ma netiweki - high MQ silicone resin / chingamu chiŵerengero (1.2: 1–2: 1) imapanga madera okhwima olimba; kuphatikizidwa kwa magulu a phenyl (20-30 mol%) kumalepheretsa kuyenda kwa unyolo; crosslink molecular kulemera kulamulidwa pa 5,000-15,000 g / mol; Gradient modulus multilayer zomatira dongosolo - woyamba-anangula wosanjikiza (1-3μm) ndi silane lumikiza wothandizila, mkulu-modulus cohesive wosanjikiza (30-50μm) monga kukameta ubweya zosagwira mafupa, viscoelastic zinchito wosanjikiza (3-8μm) kwa kunyowa pamwamba; Nanofillers - silika woyaka (10-25 wt%) wokhala ndi kusinthika kwapamtunda kumapangitsa kulumikizana kosinthika.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe PTFE zokutira zomangira kwa fiberglass nsalu gawo lapansi mu Teflon mkulu-kutentha nsalu. Direct mankhwala kugwirizana ndi zosatheka chifukwa PTFE a kopitilira muyeso-otsika pamwamba mphamvu. Kulumikizana kumatheka kudzera: Kulumikizana kwamakina (kulumikizana kwathupi) - PTFE emulsion imalowa mipata ya ulusi ndikugwira mitolo ya ulusi pambuyo pa sintering; Silane coupling agent pretreatment - amapanga molekyulu mlatho pakati pa organic glass fibers ndi organic primer; Chemical primer transition layer - pogwiritsa ntchito PAI, PPS, PES kapena PEEK resins yokhala ndi PTFE micropowder, yogwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pophatikizana chithandizo kuti apange wosanjikiza wosinthika; Hot-melt zomatira filimu lamination - FEP kapena PFA mafilimu (malo osungunuka 260-310 ° C) amangirira mafilimu a PTFE opangidwa kale ndi nsalu; Kapangidwe ka gradient pogwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kangapo ndi ma sintering cycles - kuchepetsa pass yoyamba ndi binder/coupling agent imalowa mkati mwa ulusi, kutsatiridwa ndi PTFE impregnations yoyera, kupanga gradient yochokera ku fiberglass kupita ku PTFE yoyera.